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# Jason Strange
**Jason Strange** (born 8 October 1973 in Tredegar, Wales) is a former Welsh rugby union player and now coach. An outside half, he was a prolific goal-kicker. Strange played his club rugby for a number of clubs in Wales including Pontypridd RFC, Ebbw Vale RFC, Newport RFC before joining Bristol RFC and Leeds Carnegie where he signed a 2-year contract to take him to the end of 2010. He was called up to Wales\' squad for the 2000 Six Nations Championship and was on the bench against Scotland, however he was ultimately not capped at that level.
In 2010 he joined Ebbw Vale RFC as the coach. At the end of the 2013--14 season, they were promoted back to the Welsh Premiership League with a few games to spare. After 5 years with Ebbw Vale, Strange was hired by the WRU as a coach for the under 20s national side
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# Telega, Prahova
**Telega** is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Boșilcești, Buștenari, Doftana, Melicești, Telega, and Țonțești.
The commune is located in the west-central part of the county, in the Sub Carpathian hills, 36 km northwest of the county seat, Ploiești. The highest hill in the area, Măceș, has an altitude of 815 m. The river Doftana flows just west of commune, separating it from the city of Câmpina. The Purcaru is a left tributary of the Doftana; the confluence of the two rivers is in the village Doftana. The creek Sărata originates in Melicești and flows from northwest to southeast through Telega towards the river Teleajen.
Doftana village is the site of the former Doftana prison. Telega railway station was the terminus of the former Câmpina--Câmpinița--Telega railway line
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# Robert Ropner
**Sir (Emil Hugo Oscar) Robert Ropner, 1st Baronet** (born **Röpner**; 16 December 1838 -- 26 February 1924) was a German-British shipbuilder, shipowner, and Conservative Member of Parliament.
## Career
Ropner was born in 1838 in Magdeburg, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, the son of Johann Heinrich Röpner and Johanne Christiane Emilie Bessel. He emigrated to England and worked for a coal export concern before building up a fleet of colliers and founding the Ropner Shipping Company in Hartlepool in 1874.
In 1888, Robert Ropner acquired a shipyard at Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham. Ropner established a successful shipbuilding firm, which built many trunk deck ships. No longer limited to hauling coal, Ropner also established a company to operate tramp steamers. Although the shipyard went into liquidation soon after what was then known as the Great War, the shipping company continued to operate through both World Wars, despite heavy wartime losses of vessels.
Robert Ropner served as High Sheriff of Durham in 1896 and from 1900 to 1910 represented the constituency of Stockton-on-Tees in the House of Commons. He was President of the UK Chamber of Shipping for 1902.
He was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1902 Birthday Honours and knighted by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 18 December 1902. He was created Baronet of Preston Hall, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County Palatine of Durham, and of Skutterskelfe Hall, Hutton Rudby, in the North Riding of York on 20 August 1904.
Ropner died 26 February 1924, aged 85, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John. His third son William Ropner was the father of the Conservative politician Sir Leonard Ropner, 1st Baronet of Thorp Perrow. Robert Ropner is buried in the family vault at All Saints churchyard, Hutton Rudby, North Yorkshire
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# That Phanom district
**That Phanom** (*ธาตุพนม*, `{{IPA|th|tʰâːt pʰā.nōm|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; *ธาตุพนม*, `{{IPA|tts|tʰâːt pʰā.no᷇m|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district (*amphoe*) in the southern part of Nakhon Phanom province, northeastern Thailand.
The district is named after Wat Phra That Phanom, the most important Buddhist temple in the region.
## Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Wan Yai, Mueang Mukdahan, Dong Luang of Mukdahan province, Na Kae, Renu Nakhon, and Mueang Nakhon Phanom of Nakhon Phanom Province. To the east across the Mekong River is the Lao province Khammouan. Elevation between 142 and 252 meters (830 feet).
## History
In 1917, the district name was changed from Renu Nakhon (เรณูนคร) to That Phanom.
## Administration
The district is divided into 12 sub-districts (*tambons*), which are further subdivided into 142 villages (*mubans*). The sub-district municipality (*thesaban tambon*) That Phanom covers parts of *tambon* That Phanom and That Phanom Nuea. There are a further 11 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
No. Name Thai Villages Pop.
------ ------------------ ------------ ---------- --------
1\. That Phanom ธาตุพนม 19 11,238
2\. Fang Daeng ฝั่งแดง 11 6,963
3\. Phon Phaeng โพนแพง 8 4,862
4\. Phra Klang Thung พระกลางทุ่ง 16 7,598
5\. Na Thon นาถ่อน 15 8,729
6\. Saen Phan แสนพัน 8 4,002
7\. Don Nang Hong ดอนนางหงส์ 11 6,837
8\. Nam Kam น้ำก่ำ 20 12,160
9\. Um Mao อุ่มเหม้า 9 5,463
10\. Na Nat นาหนาด 10 5,515
11\. Kut Chim กุดฉิม 7 4,448
12\. That Phanom Nuea ธาตุพนมเหนือ 8 5,663
## Economy
The district\'s location on a bank of the Mekong has made it a prime agricultural area. Tomatoes, in particular, are one of the more profitable crops.
That Phanom is also the only one in the northeastern where scrap metal or discarded metal is processed into machetes. It is classified as a community enterprise that generates income of up to 30--40 million baht per year
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# Baby! Koi ni Knock Out!
is the third single of the subgroup Pucchimoni. It was released on February 28, 2001 and sold 429,270 copies.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs are composed and written by Tsunku. \"Baby! Koi ni Knock Out!\" was arranged by Konishi Takao, \"Waltz! Ahiru ga Sanba\" was arranged by Takahashi Yuichi.
1.
2.
3
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# Saigon River Tunnel
The **Saigon River Tunnel**, more popular in Vietnam as the **Thu Thiem Tunnel** is an underwater tunnel that opened on November 20, 2011. It runs underneath the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city of Vietnam. The tunnel was built with capital from JICA\'s ODA, in conjunction with a consortium of Japanese contractors. The tunnel connects the existing urban center of Ho Chi Minh City with Thu Thiem New Urban Area in Thủ Đức. The Saigon River Tunnel is part of the Ho Chi Minh City East-West Highway, an important road project under construction to ease the congestion of transport in the inner city as well as transportation from downtown to the Mekong Delta region. The existing downtown was previously only linked with the Thu Thiem New Urban Area by many bridges, namely: Thủ Thiêm Bridge, Phú Mỹ Bridge and Ba Son Bridge
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# Health Info World
**Health Info World**, established in January 1999, is the health promotion and publicity section of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Charity donations from fundraising events are the main sources to support the ongoing health programs.
The HKHA understands the importance of health education, and thus has been organizing a series of programs in order to spread professional health knowledge to different age groups. The organization focuses on arousing health awareness in Hong Kong by holding talks and activities.
It also sets up free health tests to the community and assists Hong Kong citizens with how to adjust their daily habits in order to improve their health condition. Despite all kinds of outdoor health promotions, the Health Info World also assists patients who need extra care. Furthermore, the Health Info World offers volunteer positions to the elderly, which could build up their confidence by contributing in the society
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# Pittari Shitai X'mas!
is the fourth and last single released by the subgroup Petitmoni. It was released on November 14, 2001, and sold 300,320 copies. It peaked at number two on the Oricon Charts.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs are composed and written by Tsunku.
1.
2.
3
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# Banksia 'Stumpy Gold'
***Banksia* {{\'}}Stumpy Gold{{\'}}** is a dwarf cultivar of *Banksia spinulosa* var. *collina* that was selected by Richard Anderson of Merricks Nursery in Victoria from material collected at Catherine Hill Bay on the New South Wales Central Coast. It is a stunted shrub growing to 50 cm tall and wide and has all gold inflorescences which appear in autumn. Its foliage is noticeably greyer than the similarly sized and much better known and more widely grown *Banksia* \'Birthday Candles\', which has reddish-styled golden blooms rather than all gold
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# Wakeley baronets
The **Wakeley Baronetcy**, of Liss in the County of Southampton, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 30 June 1952 for Cecil Wakeley, 1st Baronet, KBE, CB (5 May 1892 -- 5 June 1979), President of the Royal College of Surgeons. He married Elizabeth Muriel Nicholson-Smith. Their eldest son, John Wakeley (1926--2012), who married June Leney, daughter of Donald Frank Leney, became second baronet in 1979. The title is now held by their eldest son, Sir Nicholas Wakeley, 3rd baronet, married to Sarah Ann Robinson. Sarah Ann Robinson is the daughter of Air Vice Marshal Brian Lewis Robinson.
John Wakeley\'s daughter is the fashion designer Amanda Wakeley.
## Wakeley baronets, of Liss (1952) {#wakeley_baronets_of_liss_1952}
- Sir Cecil Pembry Grey Wakeley, 1st Baronet (1892--1979)
- Sir John Cecil Nicholson Wakeley, 2nd Baronet (1926--2012)
- Sir Nicholas Jeremy Wakeley, 3rd Baronet (born 1957)
The heir apparent is the present holder\'s son Jonathan Josiah Wakeley
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# Abebech Negussie
**Abebech Negussie** (born 2 January 1983 in Arsi) is a retired Ethiopian middle distance runner, who specialized in 1500 metres. She represented Ethiopia in that event at the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2001 World Championships in Athletics.
## International competitions {#international_competitions}
Representing `{{ETH}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------
2000
2001
2002
## Personal bests {#personal_bests}
- 800 metres - 2:04.13 min (2000)
- 1500 metres - 4:06
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# Mycobacterium canettii
***Mycobacterium canettii***, a novel pathogenic taxon of the *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* complex (MTBC), was first reported in 1969 by the French microbiologist Georges Canetti, for whom the organism has been named. It formed smooth and shiny colonies, which is highly exceptional for the MTBC. It was described in detail in 1997 on the isolation of a new strain from a 2-year-old Somali patient with lymphadenitis. It did not differ from *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* in the biochemical tests and in its 16S rRNA sequence. It had shorter generation time than clinical isolates of *M. tuberculosis* and presented a unique, characteristic phenolic glycolipid and lipo-oligosaccharide. In 1998, Pfyffer described abdominal lymphatic TB in a 56-year-old Swiss man with HIV infection who lived in Kenya. Tuberculosis caused by *M. canettii* appears to be an emerging disease in the Horn of Africa. A history of a stay to the region should induce the clinician to consider this organism promptly even if the clinical features of TB caused by *M. canettii* are not specific. The natural reservoir, host range, and mode of transmission of the organism are still unknown.
*M. canettii* appears to be the ancestor of *M. tuberculosis*
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# Mark Scholes
**Mark Bradley Scholes** (born 1 July 1956) is a former Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania from 1978 to 1982. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler
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# Florida Four
The **Florida Four** were a group of weapon traffickers --- Anthony Smyth, Conor Claxton, Martin Mullan and Siobhan Browne --- who delivered weapons from the United States to the Republic of Ireland for eventual use in Northern Ireland by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
The operation was first uncovered in 1999 and the group were convicted in 2000
The group was able to send about a 100 handguns, rifles and shotguns, as well as armour-piercing ammunition. The weapons were mailed from Fort Lauderdale in packages containing toys and electronics.
Browne later said that Claxton \"spent more than US\$100,000 off the books on semi- and fully automatic weapons\".
In August 1999, the IRA, through the Irish republican newspaper *An Phoblacht*, denied sanctioning the plot. This contradicts Conor Claxton\'s testimony that he was sent to Florida by a senior IRA official and that they needed higher approval to complete the arms mission
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# Membrane roofing
**Membrane roofing** is a type of roofing system for buildings, RVs, ponds, and, in some cases, tanks. It is used to create a watertight covering to protect the interior of a building. Membrane roofs are most commonly made from synthetic rubber, thermoplastic (PVC or similar material), or modified bitumen. Membrane roofs are most commonly used in commercial application, though they are becoming increasingly common in residential application.
## Types
**Single-ply membranes** -- There are three types of single-ply, or elastoplastic, products in use today that are defined by the chemical properties they possess: cured (or vulcanized) elastomers, uncured elastomers, and plastomers.
**Cured elastomers (often referred to as *thermoset)*** -- Thermosets are synthetic rubbers that have undergone the vulcanization or \"curing\" process. Seams of materials are bonded by adhesives or chemicals, which over time weaken and separate unless maintained or reinforced. The finished roof\'s thickness is usually between 30 and 120 mils (thousandths of an inch; 0.75 mm to 1.50 mm). The most commonly used cured elastomer membranes are ethylene propylene diene monomer (commonly EPDM) and neoprene, although all thermoset products combined fail to account for more than 10% of all commercial roofing. This is in part due to studies being released in the 1980s to early 2000s showing the average lifespan of thermoset membranes between 15 and 20 years, although the products have undergone massive alterations since then.
**Uncured elastomers (sometimes grouped with thermosets for simplicity)** -- Uncured elastomers are installed in a manner similar to thermoplastics in that they can be heat or solvent welded. The material then cures over time once exposed to the elements, and then exhibits the same qualities as vulcanized elastomers. The most commonly used uncured elastomers are chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polyisobutylene (PIB), nitrile butadiene polymer (NBP), although none of the products are known to be commonly used in the last decade, in part due to environmental concerns brought up regarding the chemical curing processes in the late 1990s. Thermosets are often referenced for their easy installation methods, high chemical resistances, having higher impact resistances (for some membranes), and resistance to high temperatures.
**Plastomers (often referred to as *thermoplastics*)** -- Thermoplastics are membranes that are heat welded and develop strength in the welds at least equal to the original membrane material, forming a much stronger bond than chemically bonded thermosets. The most commonly used thermoplastics are PVC, KEE and TPO, taking up over 55% of the commercial roofing market. However, a common misconception is that these are the only types of materials.
**Modified bitumen** -- Polymer modified bitumen membranes were developed in Europe in the mid-1960s and have been in common use throughout the United States since 1975. they are composed of one or more premanufactured sheets consisting of asphalt, reinforcing layers, and in some cases a surfacing is applied. During manufacture, plastics or rubbers are added to the bitumen while heating, modifying its properties to give it a higher softening point and greater elasticity. There are several ways of connecting pieces of this material. The most common method for bonding seams is by torch-application; however, the options of hot-mopping, using cold adhesive, and self-adhering materials are still sometimes used. Copolymers commonly used to modify asphalt include atactic polypropylene (APP), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).
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# Membrane roofing
## Advantages over asphalt flat roofing systems {#advantages_over_asphalt_flat_roofing_systems}
` These application types of membrane roofing show distinct advantages over the previously more common flat roofing method of asphalt and gravel (commonly referred to as `*`built-up-roofs`*` or "BUR"). In asphalt and gravel application, it can be very difficult to create a proper seal at all seams and connection points. This can cause a roof to leak early in its lifespan, and require much more maintenance. When installed correctly, newer materials are either seamless, or have seams as strong as the body. This eliminates most of the leakage concerns associated with flat roofing systems.`
` Repairs for asphalt and gravel roofs can be problematic, largely because it is difficult to locate the exact point of a leak. Newer systems can be patched relatively easily because breaks and leaks are easier to locate.`
` Originally asphalt roofing required a layer of gravel above it for two reasons. First, asphalt with direct exposure to sunlight degrades much faster, mainly due to the expansion and contraction throughout a day, and also the damage created by ``UV`` rays. Second, asphalt needs weight above to hold it down, because it sits on the top of a building, instead of being attached to it. Each of the newer types of membrane roofing systems contain materials that resist expansion and contraction, as well as reflect much of the UV rays. In addition, because these membranes either lack seams or have stronger bonding than traditional BUR seams, when expansion and contraction does occur does not create leaks and breaks at these seams. These newer roofing systems are also usually attached directly to the top of a building, which eliminates the need for excess weight above
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# MAGIC Foundation
The **MAGIC Foundation** (short for **Major Aspects of Growth in Children**) is an American non-profit organization which helps families of children diagnosed with a wide variety of different growth impacting medical conditions through education, networking, physician referrals and numerous other services. It was founded in 1989. It is maintained through a network of volunteers and a full-time staff of five people. Their services include public education and awareness, quarterly newsletters, national networking, an annual convention, disorder specific brochures, and a Kids Program.
The foundation has a membership network in excess of 25,000 families. The disorders MAGIC families have are grouped into primary categories. They include: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, precocious puberty, growth hormone deficiency (both adults and children), panhypopituitarism, McCune--Albright syndrome, Turner syndrome, Russell--Silver syndrome, thyroid disorders (both congenital and acquired), optic nerve hypoplasia, and other rare disorders.
## Educational programs {#educational_programs}
MAGIC offers a national educational program every year for the families of affected children and another for affected adults. Physicians specialising in these disorders, from all over the world, volunteer to speak to and assist the children and affected adults. They also offer a weekly email with links to recently published medical information to parents of children impacted by Small for Gestational Age babies, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, McCune-Albright Syndrome, Russell--Silver Syndrome (also known as Silver--Russell Syndrome), Optic Nerve Hypoplasia, Septo Optic Dysplasia, Hypophosphatasia, and others.
## Controversy
The MAGIC Foundation received significant funding from Genentech and Eli Lilly. It was thought that the money was to undertake case finding of children with short stature who might benefit from their human growth hormone treatments. The US Food and Drug Administration investigated Genentech in 1992 and 1994 for using numerous charities to improperly advertise this medication. None of the monies donated to either the Human Growth Foundation nor The Magic foundation were donated with any stipulations as to how the money was to be utilized. The donations were support funds for the patients affected
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# René Vietto
**René Vietto** (17 February 1914 -- 14 October 1988) was a French road racing cyclist.
In the 1934 Tour de France, Vietto, a relative unknown, got wings on the mountains. This was not a surprise, because he had won the Grand Prix Wolber. He was prepared for the Alps and won easily on the steepest terrain. After he won the two major Alpine stages, journalists reported that this \'boy\' could be the purest mountain climber that France knew.
Vietto rode the Tour de France for the first time in 1934, as member of the French national team, in support of his team leader Antonin Magne. Magne was leading the race since the second stage; Vietto was already more than 50 minutes behind him after the sixth stage. But Vietto excelled in the mountains, winning stages 7, 9 and 11.
In the 16th stage, Vietto was again performing well in the mountains. He passed first on the Col de Port and second on the Col de Portet d\'Aspet behind the escaped Adriano Vignoli, thereby taking the lead in the mountains classification. After the top, Magne\'s wheel broke. Vietto was closeby, so he gave his wheel to Magne. A photograph shows Vietto sitting on a stone wall, waiting for a new wheel. Vietto\'s help enabled Magne to continue without much time loss; Vietto was not able to get back to Magne\'s group, and finished four minutes behind Magne, who remained four minutes behind Vignoli.
On the next day, newspaper reports focused on Vietto\'s lead in the mountains classification. Him giving his wheel to Magne was seen as the expected thing to do: Vietto was not leading the stage, and was too far behind in the general classification.
Over time, the legend of this story grew. It was ignored that Vignoli had already escaped when the incident happened, and then it was ignored that Vietto was already far behind in the general classification, and that Vietto was not far away from Magne, until the story had evolved to say that Vietto gave away a Tour victory, rode back up the mountain and waited for fifteen minutes.
Vietto\'s actions made him a star in France. The image of a 20-year-old who sacrificed his chance of winning a Tour stage doubled his popularity. Vietto won the mountains classification; he finished 5th overall, almost 1 hour behind Magne. Vietto never won the Tour. He was closest in 1939, when he gained the yellow jersey in Lorient in one of the first stages, but in the mountains, once his favorite place, he was left by Sylvère Maes. After that Tour, war broke out and the race wasn\'t held until 1947. Vietto, still loved, attacked from the second stage. As a result, he took the yellow jersey in Brussels, to lose it two days before the finish, in a time trial of 139 km.
Despite failing to hold the lead, Vietto wore the yellow jersey for 15 stages during the 1939 Tour de France and during the 1947 Tour de France for 14 stages. He finished second in 1939, fifth in 1934 and 1947 and eighth in 1935. Until Fabian Cancellara broke his record in the 2012 Tour de France, Vietto had the highest career yellow jersey statistics of anyone to never win the Tour de France overall.
Vietto lost a toe to sepsis in 1947. Legend has it that Vietto insisted his domestique, Apo Lazaridès, cut off one of his own toes to match. According to legend, Vietto\'s toe is in formaldehyde in a bar in Marseille
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# Neil Majewski
**Neil John Majewski** (born 27 May 1954) is an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania. He played as a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler in 1978/79
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# Stephen Davis (screenwriter)
**Stephen Davis** (born 18 July 1950) is a British screenwriter and playwright who wrote the film *Ruby* (based on his stageplay *Love Field*), and episodes of the TV series *Waking the Dead*, *Silent Witness* and *Casualty 1909*.
He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He lives near Stroud, Gloucestershire.
He is married to Jane Davis. They have two daughters, Zoe and Natalie
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# Mueang Mukdahan district
**Mueang Mukdahan** (*เมืองมุกดาหาร*, `{{IPA|th|mɯ̄aŋ múk.dāː.hǎːn|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; *เมืองมุกดาหาร*, `{{IPA|tts|mɯ̂aŋ mùk.dàː.hǎːn|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) is the capital district (*amphoe mueang*) of Mukdahan province, northeastern Thailand.
## Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the southeast clockwise) Don Tan, Nikhom Kham Soi, Nong Sung, Khamcha-i, and Dong Luang of Mukdahan Province; That Phanom of Nakhon Phanom province; and Wan Yai of Mukdahan Province. To the east across the Mekong River is the Laotian province of Savannakhet.
The important water resource is the Mekong River.
## History
The district dates back to the *Mueang* Mukdahan, which was administered by the Monthon Udon Thani. In 1907 it was made a district of Nakhon Phanom province. On 27 September 1982 the southern part of Nakhon Phanom was split off to form the new province Mukdahan, and the Mukdahan district was renamed \"Mueang Mukdahan\" as the capital district of the new province.
## Administration
The district is divided into 13 sub-districts (*tambons*), which are further subdivided into 144 villages (*mubans*). The town (*thesaban mueang*) Mukdahan covers parts of *tambon* Mukdahan and the entire *tambon* Si Bun Rueang. The sub-district municipality (*thesaban tambon*) Dong Yen covers the whole *tambon* of the same name. There are a further 12 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
No. Name Thai Villages Pop.
------ --------------- ------------ ---------- --------
1\. Mukdahan มุกดาหาร 6 32,211
2\. Si Bun Rueang ศรีบุญเรือง \- 6,850
3\. Ban Khok บ้านโคก 13 8,401
4\. Bang Sai Yai บางทรายใหญ่ 12 8,421
5\. Phon Sai โพนทราย 13 8,179
6\. Phueng Daet ผึ่งแดด 13 5,557
7\. Na Sok นาโสก 16 9,811
8\. Na Si Nuan นาสีนวน 10 7,240
9\. Kham Pa Lai คำป่าหลาย 17 12,034
10\. Kham Ahuan คำอาฮวน 15 11,645
11\. Dong Yen ดงเย็น 14 9,911
12\. Dong Mon ดงมอน 10 5,387
13\
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# Aquaria (video game)
***Aquaria*** is a side-scrolling action-adventure game designed by Alec Holowka and Derek Yu, who published the game in 2007 as an independent game company Bit Blot. The game follows Naija, an aquatic humanoid woman, as she explores the underwater world of Aquaria. Along her journey, she learns about the history of the world she inhabits as well as her own past. The gameplay focuses on a combination of swimming, singing, and combat, through which Naija can interact with the world. Her songs can move items, affect plants and animals, and change her physical appearance into other forms that have different abilities, like firing projectiles at hostile creatures, or passing through barriers inaccessible to her in her natural form.
After more than two years of development, the game was released in late 2007 for Windows. A port of the game to Mac OS X was released in 2008 by Ambrosia Software, and an updated version of the game was released on the Steam service that same year. A Linux version of the game was released as part of the first Humble Indie Bundle collection in 2010, a version for the iPad was released in 2011, and an Android version debuted in 2013 alongside another Humble Bundle collection. In 2009, an album with the *Aquaria* soundtrack was released. It includes all of the music in the game, as well as a new nine-minute vocal track and a few remixes.
Reviews of the game were generally positive. Critics focused primarily on the visuals, music, and atmosphere as being particularly praiseworthy. The controls and gameplay were also lauded, while negative critiques more often centered on the map system and limited variety of objectives. The game won the Seumas McNally Grand Prize at the Independent Games Festival in March 2007.
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# Aquaria (video game)
## Gameplay
*Aquaria* is a 2D side-scrolling action-adventure game, heavily focused on exploration and puzzle-solving, with non-linear gameplay. The player controls Naija, a lone underwater dweller; although similar to a human woman, Naija also has several fish-like qualities, such as the ability to breathe underwater and propel herself quickly with webbed feet. The game, originally only available for personal computers, was designed to be primarily controlled solely through the mouse, though it can also be controlled with a keyboard or Xbox 360 controller. The player directs Naija through an underwater world composed of several distinct regions, ranging from caves to underwater ruins to sunlit oases. These areas are filled with plant and animal life, which can be hostile, friendly, or neutral towards her. Hostile plants and animals can hurt Naija, reducing her health meter, by touching her or firing projectiles at her.
In general, Naija cannot interact directly with objects in the world. Instead, the majority of actions are accomplished through singing short tunes. The player does this by selecting a series of notes displayed in a circle of eight choices in the correct order. Each note corresponds with a different color. Singing notes affects plants and objects of the same color as the note, while singing the tunes, once learned through the plot, can lift objects, create a shield around Naija, or change Naija into different \"forms\" which have different appearances and unique abilities critical to overcoming the various challenges and obstacles found in the game. The specific tones that are played when the player selects a note can subtly change in different regions, matching the background music. The default form, or \"normal form\", is the only one in which Naija can sing, and is the only one where her appearance is modifiable by the player by having Naija wear costumes found throughout the game.
Other forms, which can only be used once found in-game, are the \"energy form\", in which Naija can shoot projectiles to attack enemy creatures, \"beast form\", which allows Naija to swim faster through the water and eat small fish to restore health, and \"nature form\", in which Naija can shoot seeds that produce flowers and spiky plants that can harm other creatures. In this form, Naija is not harmed by thorns on any plants. The player can also learn the \"sun form\", which allows Naija to give off light in dark regions, \"spirit form\", which allows the player to move to specific locations marked by blue crystals without time passing, \"fish form\", where Naija turns into a small, fast fish, and \"dual form\", found at the end of the game, which allows Naija and another character named Li who is met late in the game\'s plot to merge, with actions taken by one affecting the other.
While exploring the world, Naija can collect various ingredients from interaction with plants and animals, mainly by combating her foes. These ingredients can be used to cook dishes, which have varying effects on Naija. The most common effects are healing and enhancing various characteristics such as speed and defense, but there are some more exotic dishes which grant her new abilities. The player can learn new recipes by collecting new dishes directly, but can also learn them by combining ingredients without first knowing the recipe.
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# Aquaria (video game)
## Plot
As the game opens, Naija has lost almost all of her memories, and is unaware of the world outside of her home as she \"lives as a simple creature\". The player is told this in voice-over narrations in the form of a story told by a future Naija. These narrations serve as the primary source of information about Naija throughout the game, though there are occasional cutscenes. After being confronted by a shadowy figure and being shown a series of flashbacks she does not understand, Naija awakens. Feeling loneliness as the only member of her species, Naija decides to explore the world around her. As the player explores, Naija discovers more and more about the history of the world, \"Aquaria\", and about her own past. The player is not forced to go through the plotline in a set sequence. The only limiting factor is physical barriers such as areas that can be accessed only by using a specific form. Combinations of these physical limitations place some plot elements later in the game. The narrative for the majority of the game is centered on Naija\'s exploration of a series of ruined civilizations that she finds, each with a large monster in them. These civilizations make up the different regions of the game.
Towards the end of the game, Naija discovers that all of the ruined civilizations she has found throughout the game were destroyed by a god, \"the Creator\", who was jealous of the rising power of that civilization or of their gods. The powerful monsters she has found and defeated in each region were once the gods of that civilization. Each of these civilizations had a unique power, symbolized by the form that Naija learns after defeating their former gods. Along with Li, a human diver from the land she meets at the top of the ocean, Naija then descends to the bottom of the sea to confront the god. There she discovers that the Creator fell into the ocean as a child, and bonded with an ancient spirit to gain god-like powers. He then created Aquaria, threading a verse of a lullaby his mother had sung to him throughout, the only part of the song he remembers. The melody of this song, the \"verse\", is what allows Naija to sing songs that affect the world around her; parts of the melody can be heard in different forms in the songs within the game\'s soundtrack.
The Creator, after creating Aquaria, created a series of civilizations, making a new one in turn when each one was destroyed. The Creator kidnaps Li, with whom Naija has fallen in love, and she attacks the Creator to get him back. The player defeats the god as the final boss of the game, and returns home with Li. In the epilogue, Naija is shown with Li and their child. If the player has found all of Naija\'s memories by discovering places she remembers, they reveal that the shadowy figure at the beginning of the game was her mother, Mia. Mia was made by the Creator and had the ability, like Naija, to use the different powers of all of the civilizations. She fled the Creator, and hid herself and Naija among several communities in succession; after the destruction of the last one she erased Naija\'s memory so that she would find out the history of Aquaria on her own and defeat the Creator. In the extended epilogue shown if the player has found all of the memories, Mia appears, telling Naija that the two of them can conquer the civilisations above the water. After Naija refuses, Mia kidnaps her, and vanishes; the extended epilogue ends with Lucien---Naija and Li\'s son---leaving to find her. If the player has not found all of the memories, the epilogue instead ends with Naija asking the player to find out about her past, and revealing that the narration of the game was intended to be heard by her son.
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# Aquaria (video game)
## Development
*Aquaria* was developed by Derek Yu and Alec Holowka over the course of two years, off of a concept that Holowka had thought of a year prior. Yu was the lead artist, and Holowka handled the programming and audio components. Both designers had previously worked in video games; Yu had made several freeware games, including *I\'m O.K* with Holowka and others, while Holowka had worked for several video game start-ups, none of which had ever gotten a game published. Some additional work on the game, including some level design and scripting for some enemies, was done by Brandon McCartin. Holowka and Yu officially formed the studio Bit Blot to back the game a week before submitting it to the 2007 Independent Games Festival. *Aquaria* was the studio\'s only game. Both members of the team continued to make video games, but not as a partnership; Holowka went on to form a separate team called Infinite Ammo, and Yu went on to work on *Spelunky*.
The initial prototype of the game had styling similar to a text-based role-playing game, with a large open world and many sub-quests. After moving towards \"multiple-choice text answers\" and a complicated gameplay system, the team decided to simplify the game and set the 2007 Independent Games Festival as a deadline to complete everything. With this time pressure, they forced themselves to cut out a lot of what they felt was unneeded complexity, bringing the game to its core. After removing many of what they decided were extraneous elements they then added back in the cooking system, which they felt fit well with the rest of the game, as well as a map system. They then developed the game world and story in a roughly linear manner, creating basic designs of each region and then coming back to fill in details. They felt that this allowed them to create interesting ideas at the beginning of the game and then fill them out and resolve them at the end. One of these ideas was that of the \"verse\"; Holowka realized partway through development that he had been using the same twelve-note sequence transposed into different keys throughout the music, and realized that the idea of a pervasive musical theme to the world fit with the story. The game also includes a level and animation editor; several mods have been made for the game.
The game was developed to be able to be controlled by the player with only the mouse, after it was suggested by Yu\'s father. The developers felt that this control scheme forced them to make the gameplay fluid and easy to grasp, though they also added the option to control the game with a keyboard or Xbox 360 controller. Yu and Holowka considered the \"hallmark\" of exploratory games to be a sense of loneliness, which they made a part of the narrative, but also wanted the player to get a sense of Naija\'s character. To that end, they used voice-overs to demonstrate to the player what Naija was feeling during key points of the game. The voice of Naija was performed by Jenna Sharpe, who was chosen after auditioning several other voice actresses. She additionally sang the vocals for one song on the soundtrack, \"Lost to the Waves\". She also sang a nine-minute vocal piece, \"Fear the Dark\", for the release of the *Aquaria* soundtrack album, which was published by Bit Blot on November 14, 2009. The album features 50 tracks on two discs, including all of the music in the game as well as the new vocal track and a few remixes.
The game was released for Windows computers on December 7, 2007. A patch was later released which added new functionality to the in-game map, added widescreen support, and tweaked several game settings. A Macintosh port was released November 13, 2008, courtesy of Ambrosia Software. The game was released on Steam on December 15, 2008; it included the addition of 27 Steam Achievements. A Linux version of the game was developed by Ryan C. Gordon in 2009; an open beta ran until February 6, 2010, and the Linux version of the game was released as part of the first Humble Indie Bundle. The source code for the game\'s engine was released under the GNU General Public License on June 3, 2010. A modified version was released on the iPad on November 2, 2011. This version, which includes touchscreen support and changes to the way the map works, was created by Andrew Church, who was approached to do the port by Holowka after he did an unofficial PlayStation Portable source port. The Humble Bundle with Android 6 collection, which was launched on June 18, 2013, debuted an Android version of *Aquaria*.
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# Aquaria (video game)
## Reception
*Aquaria* was the Seumas McNally Grand Prize winner of the 2007 Independent Games Festival, and was also a finalist in the categories of Design Innovation, Excellence in Visual Art, and Excellence in Audio. The festival praised the game\'s \"fluid controls, unique, non-linear gameplay, and vibrant hand-drawn storybook-style graphics\". The game received praise from many different reviewers; Cam Shea of IGN called it \"a stunning effort from such a small team\", Richard Naik of GameCritics called it \"an extremely high-quality product\" and a fine example of the side-scroller genre, while Chris Dahlen of *The A.V. Club* termed it \"not so much a retro adventure as a fresh take on everything that made the old 2D adventures great\". Praise for the game was centered primarily on its visuals and atmosphere. *Hyper*{{\'}}s Tim Henderson commended the game for \"a rare and genuine sense of exploration, wonder and discovery\". A review by Scott Colbourne from *The Globe and Mail* termed *Aquaria* \"drop-dead beautiful\" with a \"deep and affecting story\" and summarized it as \"a game you can get comfortably lost in\".
Other reviewers, such as Tom Bramwell of Eurogamer and Chris Holt of Macworld echoed the praises for the graphics and atmosphere, while Craig Pearson of *PC Gamer UK* added praises for the music and voiceovers and Suzie Ochs of MacLife praised the music and story. Other praises for the game came for its control scheme and for the gameplay mechanics, with Holt calling out the cooking system as worthy of praise. Though noting that the visuals and presentation of the game would be the first thing players noticed, Nathan Cocks of *PC PowerPlay* claimed that \"from a design standpoint, *Aquaria* is a triumph,\" with the right amount of complexity and level design that is \"spot on\".
Several reviewers, such as Bramwell and Holt, criticized the map system present in the initial version of the game as being confusing and difficult. Other reviewers had different concerns, such as Henderson, who critiqued the initial release version for \"lack of widescreen support and being occasionally fiddly\", or Naik, who felt that the control scheme was not as intuitive when using an Xbox 360 controller. Shea and Pearson felt that the game could have used more puzzles or a wider variety of quests and objectives to balance out the exploration and combat. They did not feel, though, that these downsides compared to the game\'s positives, with Pearson saying that \"the good far outweighs what are, essentially, niggles
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# Wan Yai district
**Wan Yai** (*หว้านใหญ่*, `{{IPA|th|wâːn jàj|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; *หว้านใหญ่*, `{{IPA|lo|wàːn ɲāj|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district (*amphoe*) of Mukdahan province, northeastern Thailand.
## Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Mueang Mukdahan of Mukdahan Province and That Phanom of Nakhon Phanom province. To the east across the Mekong River is the Laotian province of Savannakhet.
The important water resource is the Mekong.
## History
The minor district (*king amphoe*) Wan Yai was created on 16 September 1977, when the *tambon* Wan Yai, Pong Kham, and Bang Sai Noi were split off from Mukdahan district. In 1982 it was one of six districts which formed the new province of Mukdahan. The minor district was upgraded to a full district on 9 May 1992.
## Administration
The district is divided into five sub-districts (*tambon*), which are further subdivided into 44 villages (*muban*). There are no municipal (*thesaban*) areas, and four tambon administrative organization (TAO).
No. Name Thai name Villages Pop.
----- -------------- ------------ ---------- -------
1\. Wan Yai หว้านใหญ่ 11 4,739
2\. Pong Kham ป่งขาม 11 5,337
3\. Bang Sai Noi บางทรายน้อย 11 4,715
4\. Chanot ชะโนด 5 2,444
5\
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# Old Parliament House, Athens
The **Old Parliament House** (*Paleá Voulí*) at Stadiou Street in Athens, housed the Greek Parliament between 1875 and 1935. It now houses the country\'s National Historical Museum.
## History
The site was occupied originally by the house of the Athenian magnate and politician, Alexandros Kontostavlos. After Athens became the capital of Greece in 1833, King Otto selected it as temporary residence, pending the construction of the Royal Palace (which houses Parliament currently). In 1835, a large dance and banquet hall was added to the house, and after the 1843 Revolution, which forced King Otto to grant a constitution, the National Assembly convened here. In October 1854, however, the house burned down in a fire. Construction of a new building then began in August 1858, with the foundation laid by Queen Amalia, on plans by French architect Francois Boulanger. Construction was halted the next year due to lack of funds, and not restarted until after Otto was deposed in 1863; the plans were then modified by the Greek architect Panagiotis Kalkos, and construction was complete by 1871. During the interim, Parliament had been housed on the back of the square in a brick building, hastily erected in 1863, which became colloquially known as \"the Shanty\" (*η Παράγκα*).
The Hellenic Parliament would remain in the building from 1875 until its move to its current location in the Old Palace in 1935. As such, it witnessed some of the most turbulent and important events in modern Greek history, including the assassination of Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis on the Parliament steps on 13 June 1905, and the declaration of the Republic on 25 March 1924. After the parliament was moved, the building housed the Ministry of Justice. In 1961 the building underwent extensive restoration and became the seat of the National History Museum, administered by the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
## Kolokotronis statue {#kolokotronis_statue}
thumb\|200px\|The old Greek flag of the First and Second Hellenic Republic flying over the Parliament.
In front of the building stands a large bronze equestrian statue of General Theodoros Kolokotronis. The bronze statue of the commander in chief of the Revolution of 1821 is a work of sculptor Lazaros Sochos (1862-1911), and was originally placed (1904) at the beginning of Kolokotronis street. It was transferred to its current location in 1954, during the restoration of the Old Parliament Building, in order to signal the link of the museum with the city. Its pedestal features bronze reliefs of the Battle of Dervenakia, and of a session of the Peloponnesian Senate during the Greek Revolution. The statue faces Stadiou Street; Kolokotronis turns his head towards the Parliament House and his hand is pointing the opposite way where, during the 19th century, the Royal Mews were located. According to a popular joke, the hero of the Revolution was showing parliamentarians that, because of their subservience to the King, the stables were their rightful place.
## The National Historical Museum {#the_national_historical_museum}
The museum houses the collection of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece (IEEE), founded in 1882. It is the oldest collection of its kind in Greece, and prior to its transfer to the Old Parliament, was housed in the main building of the National Technical University.
The collection contains historical items concerning the period from the capture of Constantinopolis by the Ottomans in 1453 to the Second World War, emphasizing especially the period of the Greek Revolution and the subsequent establishment of the modern Greek state. Among the items displayed are weapons, personal belongings and memorabilia from historical personalities, historical paintings by Greek and foreign artists, manuscripts, as well as a large collection of traditional costumes from the various regions of Greece. The collection is displayed in the corridors and rooms of the building, while the great central hall of the National Assembly is used for conferences
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# Restituta Joseph
**Restituta Joseph Kemi** (born 30 July 1971 in Singida) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner. She twice carried the flag for Tanzania at the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics: in 2000 and 2004.
She was the 1997 and 1999 winner of the Corrida de Langueux race.
## International competitions {#international_competitions}
Representing `{{TAN}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
## Personal bests {#personal_bests}
- 800 metres - 2:08.31 min (1996)
- 1500 metres - 4:10.01 min (2001)
- 3000 metres - 8:44.28 min (2001)
- 5000 metres - 15:05.33 min (2001)
- 10,000 metres - 31:32
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# Electoral district of Gundagai
**Gundagai** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1880 to 1904 in the Gundagai area. It was replaced by Wynyard
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# Lahan Sai district
**Lahan Sai** (*ละหานทราย*, `{{IPA|th|lā.hǎːn sāːj|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; *ละหานทราย*, `{{IPA|tts|lā.hǎːn sâːj|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district (*amphoe*) in the southern part of Buriram province, northeastern Thailand.
## History
Lahan Sai area was originally part of Nang Rong district. The area was fertile and covered by dense forest, so people from neighboring districts moved to establish new village there. When the community grew bigger, the government created a minor district (*king amphoe*) on 1 January 1961 to make it more comfortable for the citizen to reach public services. The new district covered *tambons* Lahan Sai and Pakham. It was upgraded to a full district on 17 July 1963.
## Etymology
Lahan Sai means \"plain fertile width hog deer\" (*Axis porcinus*).
## Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the southwest clockwise) Ta Phraya of Sa Kaeo province, Non Din Daeng, Pakham, Nang Rong, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Prakhon Chai, and Ban Kruat of Buriram Province. To the southeast it borders the provinces of Banteay Meanchey and Oddar Meancheay of Cambodia.
The Sankamphaeng Range mountainous area is in the southern section of this district.
## Motto
The Lahan Sai District\'s motto is \"The Lung Pu Suk so sacred, city of horticulture and farm plants, many of silk, beautiful of Hin-Lum (Rock hole), many of river basin, Lanan Sai is border city.\"
## Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (*tambons*), which are further subdivided into 95 villages (*mubans*). Lahan Sai is a sub-district municipality (*thesaban tambon*) which covers parts of *tambons* Lahan Sai. Ta Chong, Samrong Mai, and Nong Waeng are sub-district municipalities which each cover the complete same-named sub-district. The non-municipal parts of Lahan Sai and the sub-districts Nong Takhrong and Khok Wan each have one tambon administrative organization (TAO).
No. Name Thai Villages Pop.
------ --------------- ------------ ---------- --------
1\. Lahan Sai ละหานทราย 27 12,346
3\. Ta Chong ตาจง 22 15,575
4\. Samrong Mai สำโรงใหม่ 13 12,068
7\. Nong Waeng หนองแวง 11 15,676
10\. Nong Takhrong หนองตะครอง 12 8,011
11\. Khok Wan โคกว่าน 10 7,149
Missing numbers are *tambon* which now form Non Din Daeng district and parts of Chaloem Phra Kiat district
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# Anna Ndege
**Anna Ndege** (born 5 March 1982 in Shinyanga) is a Tanzanian middle-distance runner. Her personal best of 4:09.71 minutes for the 1500 metres is the Tanzanian record for the distance.
Her best result was a nineteenth place in the short race at the 2001 World Cross Country Championships. She twice represented Tanzania at the competition at senior level, running in the short race in 2001 and 2002. She competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, running in both the 800 metres and 1500 metres events. She was a minor medallist in both those distances at the Africa Military Games
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# Nicole Stéphane
**Nicole Stéphane** (`{{IPA|fr|nikɔl stefan}}`{=mediawiki}; born Baroness **Nicole de Rothschild**, 27 May 1923 -- 13 March 2007) was a French actress, producer and director.
## Biography
The elder of the two daughters of Baron James-Henri de Rothschild and his first wife, Claude Dupont, Nicole Stéphane was a member of the Rothschild banking family of France. Her immediate family, however, also was deeply immersed in the arts. Her paternal grandfather, Baron Henri de Rothschild, was a playwright and theatrical producer who wrote under the names Charles des Fontaines and André Pascal and owned Théâtre Antoine and Théâtre Pigalle. Her first cousin Philippine de Rothschild was an actress with the Comédie-Française, using the name Philippine Pascal. And her father\'s brother, the vintner Philippe de Rothschild, wrote plays, owned theatres and produced films.
Stéphane joined the army during the Second World War, and was briefly imprisoned in Spain in 1942 after crossing the Pyrenées while she was trying to join the Free French. She was also a liaison agent in Germany. As an actress, she is best known for her role in two films by Jean-Pierre Melville, *Le Silence de la mer* (1949) and *Les Enfants terribles* (1950). In 1950, Stéphane introduced her cousin (by marriage), Francine Weisweiller, to Jean Cocteau, whom she\'d met while acting in *Les Enfants terribles*. Weisweiller would become a primary patron and close friend of Cocteau\'s.
Her final film as an actress was *Carve Her Name with Pride* (1958). Her acting career was cut short by a car accident. She reoriented herself towards production, helping Georges Franju and Jean-Pierre Melville in particular. Among her production credits was *Swann in Love* (1984), an adaptation of the first novel in Marcel Proust\'s cycle *Remembrance of Things Past*, which starred Jeremy Irons and Ornella Muti. She was also honoured as a member of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the government of France.
In the 1970s, Stéphane was the partner of American writer and critic Susan Sontag. Sontag dedicated her 1977 book *On Photography* to her. She also had an affair with Colette de Jouvenel, daughter of author Colette
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# Raymond Premru
**Raymond Eugene Premru** (June 6, 1934 -- May 8, 1998) was an American trombonist, composer, and teacher who spent most of his career in London, England.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
The son of a Methodist minister, Premru was born in Elmira, New York and grew up in the Finger Lakes region south of Rochester. As a teenager he started playing the trombone and studied with Dale Clark at the Eastman School of Music\'s preparatory department. After high school he enrolled at Eastman to study trombone with Emory Remington and composition with Louis Mennini and Bernard Rogers.
Soon after graduating in 1956, he travelled to England for composition study with Peter Racine Fricker, intending to stay a few months. He began freelancing on trombone and bass trumpet, becoming a regular in the London jazz scene with groups like the Kenny Baker Dozen. In 1958, he won the bass trombone position in the Philharmonia Orchestra, where he performed for the next 30 years. In 1958 he married Susan Talbot, with whom he had two daughters.
As a session musician, he worked with Frank Sinatra, Oscar Peterson, Ella Fitzgerald, the Rolling Stones, and the Beatles (on *Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band*). In 1964 he joined the Philip Jones Brass Ensemble, for which he wrote several pieces; he remained a member until Jones\'s retirement in 1987. He co-directed and composed for the Bobby Lamb/Ray Premru Big Band.
After a term as a sabbatical replacement at Eastman, he decided in 1988 to retire from the Philharmonia and return to the U.S. to accept a professorship at Oberlin Conservatory in Ohio. He continued to perform occasionally and to compose.
In 1990 he married Janet Jacobs. In 1997 he was awarded the Cleveland Arts Prize for music. During the same year he was diagnosed with esophageal cancer, and he died at the Cleveland Clinic the following May at the age of 63.
## Music
Premru's compositional output runs from jazz arrangements to choral works, and includes pieces commissioned by numerous leading orchestras, festivals and organizations.
In 1962, he did work on the feature film *Reach for Glory* in the capacity as music conductor.
In a 1981 interview with Capital Radio, he cited as influences the music of Berg, Prokofiev, Bartók and Ives, in addition to jazz and early Bach studies. Throughout his career his language remained one of relatively conservative mid-century modernism, with a bent toward gentle lyricism; though he wrote some works in a lighter vein, and jazz idioms and techniques pop up in even his most "serious" scores.[1](http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980617/ai_n14151548) [2](http://www.trombone-society.org.uk/resources/articles/premru.php)
His large-scale works include concertos for Trombone (1956), Trumpet (1983), and Tuba (1992); *Music for Three Trombones, Tuba and Orchestra* (1985); a *Concerto for Orchestra* (1976); and two symphonies (1981 and 1988). Most were commissioned and premiered by major ensembles (the symphonies by the Philharmonia and Cleveland orchestras, with conductors Lorin Maazel and Vladimir Ashkenazy, respectively); however none have been commercially recorded as of 2007 and only the Trumpet and Tuba concertos remain in print (also as of 2007).
Perhaps his most lasting legacy is in his chamber works for brass, several of which remain available in print and on recordings, including: the *Concertino* for trombone and woodwind quartet (1954); *Music from Harter Fell* (1973) and the nine-movement *Divertimento* (1976), both for the Philip Jones Brass Ensemble; the *Brass Quartet* of 1960; *Two Pieces* for three trombones (1951); and *In Memoriam* (1956) and the *Tissington Variations* (1970), both for trombone quartet.
## Discography
- Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band (Parlophone, 1967)
- Respighi: Church Windows; Brazilian Impressions (Geoffrey Simon), Philharmonia Orchestra (Chandos 1984)
- \..
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# Lasiodiscus
***Lasiodiscus***, commonly known as **red-hair bushes**, is a small plant genus in the family Rhamnaceae. It is endemic to Africa and its adjacent islands.
## Description
The small trees have opposite, often asymmetric leaves. As with *Colubrina*, the flower ovaries are surrounded by a nectariferous disc that fills the receptacle.
## Habitat
They regularly occur in the understorey of tropical forests, or alternatively in swamp forest. One species, *L. rozeirae*, is limited to mountain forest understorey.
## Relationships
*Lasiodiscus* is morphologically similar to *Colubrina*, which occurs in the Neotropics, Asia and Afrotropics, but preliminary molecular analysis failed to group them as nearest relatives.
## Species
There are 9 accepted species:
- *Lasiodiscus chevalieri* Hutch. --
- *Lasiodiscus fasciculiflorus* Engl. -- Sierra Leone to Nigeria, w Cameroon and D.R.C.
- *Lasiodiscus holtzii* Engl. -- East Africa
- *Lasiodiscus mannii* Hook. -- central Africa
- *Lasiodiscus marmoratus* C.H. Wright -- Cameroon
- *Lasiodiscus mildbraedii* Engl. -- African tropics and locally along east coast to South Africa
- *Lasiodiscus pervillei* Baill. -- Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion and Comores
: *L. p. pervillei* -- widespread in Madagascar
: *L. p. ferrugineus* (Verdc.) Figueiredo -- local and vulnerable in East Africa
- *Lasiodiscus rozeirae* A.W. Exell -- São Tomé in Gulf of Guinea, vulnerable
- *Lasiodiscus usambarensis* Engl
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| 0 |
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# Okamoto Station (Hyōgo)
is a passenger railway station located in Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Hankyu Railway.
## Lines
Okamoto Station is served by the Hankyū Kōbe Main Line, and is located 23.4 km from the terminus of the line at `{{STN|Osaka-umeda|x}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Layout
The station consists of two opposed side platforms, connected by an underground passage.
### Platforms
## History
Okamoto Station opened on 16 July 1920.
The level crossing on the station premises were removed in 1967 while the station building was reconstructed in 1979.
The station was damaged by the Great Hanshin earthquake in January 1995. Restoration work on the Kobe Line took 7 months to complete.
Station numbering was introduced on 21 December 2013, with Okamoto being designated as station number HK-11.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 28,105 passengers daily
### Surrounding area {#surrounding_area}
- Settsu-Motoyama Station (JR Kōbe Line)
- Konan University (甲南大学)
- Konan Women\'s University (甲南女子大学)
- Konan Girls\' Junior and Senior High School (甲南女子中学校・高等学校)
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University (神戸薬科大学)
- Yamate Road (山手幹線)
- Okamoto Bairin Park (岡本梅林公園)
In the area around Okamoto Station, there are two famous \'Bairin\', spots to see plum flowers in early spring. Those are Okamoto Bairin and Hokura Bairin
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
The **1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines** (*Unang Kongreso ng Komenwelt ng Pilipinas*), also known as the **Postwar Congress**, and the **Liberation Congress**, refers to the meeting of the bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, from 1945 to 1946. The meeting only convened after the reestablishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1945 when President Sergio Osmeña called it to hold five special sessions. Osmeña had replaced Manuel L. Quezon as president after the former died in exile in the United States in 1944.
## Significance
Not much has been written about the First Commonwealth Congress, despite its historical and political significance. This owes mainly to the briefness of its existence (i.e., less than a year). However, the First Commonwealth Congress was significant in at least three key respects:
First, it brought an end the president\'s exercise of legislative powers under the wartime emergency act passed by the defunct National Assembly in 1941. The opening of Congress in 1945 allowed democratically elected representatives to pass legislation, especially to deal with the Philippines\' postwar problems. It also provided an institutional check against executive power, including the presidential power to appoint top officials of the (postwar) government and appropriate funds for its operations.
Second, the First Commonwealth Congress gave birth to the two-party system in the Philippines, as the pro-Osmeña and pro-Roxas blocs or factions there eventually became the Nacionalista and Liberal Parties that alternated in power from 1945 until martial law was imposed in 1972. This Congress thus served as a well spring of political leaders under a two-party system of the soon-to-be independent Republic of the Philippines. Three Philippine presidents, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino and Carlos P. Garcia were members of this Congress, as were postwar political party leaders like Senate President Eulogio Rodriguez, Speaker Eugenio Pérez, Senator Jose E. Romero and Senator Melecio Arranz. The patron-client orientation of the two-party system evolved in part from the resource constraints faced by members of the Congress right after the war.
Third, it was this Congress laid down much of the groundwork for the country\'s postwar reconstruction and rehabilitation, including its participation in the postwar global economic order dominated by the United States.
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
## Background
Through the most part of the term of the Second National Assembly (1938--1941), the First Congress\' immediate predecessor, international conflicts that led to World War II began to take shape. As early as 1940, the National Assembly already declared a state of national emergency to address the escalating emergency conditions of the times. It gave Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon extensive emergency powers to meet the worsening conditions. All preparations culminated when Japan attacked the Philippines a few hours after bombing Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941. The National Assembly lost no time in enacting substantive legislations, diverting all remaining funds for national defense purposes, and declaring a state of total emergency. It furthered the broad emergency powers already granted to the President, such as the transfer of the seat of government and the extension of the effectivity of lapsing laws.
In its last act as a legislative body, the National Assembly certified the results of the November 1941 elections where Quezon and Osmeña were re-elected as president and vice president, respectively, along with the legislators who were to compose the First Commonwealth Congress. The Congress replaced the unicameral National Assembly as the legislative branch of government. It was due to meet for the first time in January 1942 had the war not intervene.
Due to the transfer of the Philippine Government to Washington, D.C. in 1942, and the three-year occupation (1942--1945) of the Philippines by Japanese forces, the First Congress could not be convened. In its place, the Japanese formed a puppet National Assembly that passed laws dictated by the Japanese Imperial Government in Tokyo.
The Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, under José P. Laurel as president, ended in late February 1945 when the Philippines was liberated by the returning American forces in the Pacific.
## Reestablishment of Commonwealth Government {#reestablishment_of_commonwealth_government}
Upon the reestablishment of the Philippine Commonwealth in Manila in 1945, General Douglas MacArthur exerted political pressure on President Sergio Osmeña to convene Congress in formal session. Osmeña was reluctant to do so not only because of the huge expense associated with the functioning of Congress, but more so because he feared that its two houses would be controlled by legislators who had collaborated with the Japanese when the Philippine Government was in exile in Washington, D.C.
On May 24, 1945, Osmeña offered Roxas the position of Resident Commissioner to the U.S. Roxas by then was known to be actively seeking the right opportunity to launch his presidential ambition with the backing of General Douglas MacArthur, Quezon\'s former military adviser and considered as the \"Liberator of the Philippines.\" Two days later, Roxas declined Osmeña\'s offer and instead asked his supporters to announce his candidacy for president at a time when there was no designated date to hold a national election. The First Commonwealth Congress thus provided the vehicle for Roxas\' primacy in Philippine postwar politics and government. It also paved the way for the permanent division of the old Nacionalista Party into two warring factions. Its so-called Liberal Wing or faction (later Liberal Party) nominated Roxas for the presidency in 1946.
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
## The First Commonwealth Congress Convened {#the_first_commonwealth_congress_convened}
In late May 1945, President Osmeña was persuaded to call the First Commonwealth Congress to special session in order to tackle the most pressing issues of postwar rehabilitation and regain constitutional normalcy. Regular sessions could not be held by then, as the Constitution provided that these should take place for 100 days beginning on the fourth Monday of January of each year.
With the old Legislative Building in ruins, the First Commonwealth Congress met in a former Japanese schoolhouse located at 949 Lepanto Street, Manila, two blocks from the headquarters of *Gota de Leche*. Most senators and congressmen could not hold office there due to limited space and facilities, which were allotted to the officers of the two chambers and the congressional staff. The Senate and the House of Representatives shared the same session hall (the school\'s former auditorium), with the Senate meeting in the morning and the House using the hall in the evening. The Senate eventually took temporary quarters in the badly damaged Manila City Hall in 1947. The House remained at Lepanto Street until it moved, with the Senate, to the newly rebuilt Congress building in 1950.
At the first special session of Congress on June 9, 1945, Senators Manuel Roxas and Elpidio Quirino were elected as Senate President and Senate President Pro-Tempore, respectively. The House of Representatives elected for its Speaker Iloilo Rep. Jose C. Zulueta and for Speaker Pro-Tempore, Pangasinan Rep. Prospero Sanidad. Only 16 out of 24 senators and 75 of 98 congressmen, who were elected in 1941, attended the five special sessions called by the President. In the Senate alone, Senator Daniel Maramba had died of natural causes immediately before the outbreak of World War II. Senator Jose Ozamiz was executed by the Japanese. Senators Antonio de las Alas, Vicente Madrigal, Quintin Paredes, Claro M. Recto, Proceso E. Sebastian, Emiliano T. Tirona and José Yulo were arrested by the US Army\'s Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC) because they had worked in various capacities under the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Government. Alas, Madrigal, Paredes, Recto, Sebastian, Tirona and Yulo had been part of Laurel\'s Cabinet. The Senate held a lottery to determine who among its members would serve up to April 1946 and November 1947, since senators serve staggered terms under the Constitution.
The First Commonwealth Congress initially convened with 14 senators and 66 congressmen. Two more senators reported and nine congressmen joined their colleagues in later sessions. Among the members of the First Commonwealth Congress was Representative Elisa Ochoa from Agusan, the first woman ever elected to the Philippine national legislature.
The two chambers of Congress assembled in joint session in the afternoon of June 9, 1945, to hear President Osmeña deliver his state of the nation address. Osmeña expectedly dealt with several proposed legislation to rebuild the financial infrastructure of the Philippines and restore government institutions. He also tried to address issues concerning the terms of office of officials elected in 1941 just before the Japanese invasion. Because of the severe damage caused to property by the war, the legislators who were hurriedly called to Manila in June 1945, including Roxas and Quirino, had no appropriate attire for the congressional sessions other than their army khaki uniforms. President Osmeña ordered two pairs of sharkskin suits to be purchased by the government (from the Manlapat tailoring shop across the temporary Congress building) for each of the legislators around the time of the opening of Congress.
A few foreign dignitaries also addressed the joint session in the next six months. This included U.S. High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt and General MacArthur who received a commendation from the Congress and a second resolution making him an honorary citizen of the Philippines. In his memorable address before its joint session on July 9, 1945, MacArthur said:
\"Since the beginning of the time men have crusaded for freedom and for equality. It was this passion for liberty which inspired the architects of my own government to proclaim so immutably and so beautifully that \'all men are created equal\' and \'that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.\' On such rights rest our basic concept of human freedom, in defense of which we have fought and still continue to fight on the battlefields of the world. These rights are the very antithesis to the totalitarian doctrine which seeks to regiment the people and control the human will as the price for presumed efficiency in government.\"
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
## Accomplishments and Controversies {#accomplishments_and_controversies}
The First Commonwealth Congress passed a total of 55 laws in five special sessions: Commonwealth Act Nos. 672 to 727.
Heeding Osmeña\'s urgent call during the opening session of Congress, the first legislative measure it enacted was Commonwealth Act No. 672 which restored the Philippine National Bank and organized its financial capital. The viability of the Philippine National Bank was critical to the resuscitation of the Philippine Commonwealth after the war.
One major financial legislation passed by Congress stirred controversy in the U.S. and was eventually vetoed by President Harry Truman despite its approval by President Osmeña. Commonwealth House Bill No. 647 (Senate Bill No. 51), titled \"An Act Governing the Payment of Monetary Obligations Incurred or Contracted Prior to and During the Japanese Invasion of the Philippines and for Other Purposes\", was passed by both houses of Congress on the last day of its last session, December 20, 1945. It was signed into law by President Osmeña on January 18, 1946. The law provided for the validation of payments made in Japanese \"mickey mouse\" money during the period of enemy occupation. However, U.S. High Commissioner McNutt objected to it and asked Truman to exercise his final veto on this currency measure. President Truman\'s accompanying veto letter explained his disapproval, to wit:
\"The Commonwealth Act which I am now disapproving would give legal approval to transactions and payments made under the brutal Japanese regime, without regard for the actual value of the Japanese-backed currency in which such payments were made. It would give official sanction to acts by Japanese officials in forcing the liquidation of businesses and accounts of loyal Filipinos, Americans, and allies who were imprisoned by the Japanese. It would have a most harmful effect on the Philippine financial structure which it is our hope and desire to see strengthened in preparation for independence. It would work to the benefit of persons who did business with and under the Japanese to the prejudice of those who were loyal both to the Philippine Commonwealth and to the United States Government.\"
The First Commonwealth Congress also tackled the most contentious and divisive issue of Filipino collaboration with the Japanese. Osmeña had proposed a bill to set up a special court for this purpose. Roxas initially objected to it, fearing the loss of critical support from his political allies who were accused of, or imprisoned for, collaboration. After extensive congressional debates, Commonwealth Act No. 682 was passed in August 1945 creating the People\'s Court and the Office of Special Prosecutors to investigate and decide on collaboration charges on an individual basis. In September 1945, the CIC presented the Filipinos who were accused of having collaborated with, or given aid to, the Japanese so that they may be tried before the People\'s Court. Included were prominent senators and congressmen who had been active in the puppet government under Laurel. These legislators were unable to attend the five special sessions of the First Commonwealth Congress.
The collaboration issue continued to haunt Congress. Another currency-related legislation passed by the First Commonwealth Congress was held up for a few weeks at the White House before President Truman signed it into law in November 1945. As Truman noted in his letter to President Osmeña, his approval of the original House Bill No. 176, which provides for a reduction of the required gold coverage of Philippine currency, has been delayed \"due to the fact that there have been persistent charges that a sizable fraction of the Members of the Philippine Congress had been guilty of collaboration with the enemy, and I have not wanted my approval of the act to be distorted into approval of collaboration.\"
The so-called Backpay Law of 1945 turned out to be the most controversial measure passed by the postwar Congress. Joint Resolution No. 5 authorized the Philippine Treasury, which was already financially crippled, to pay back salaries and wages to members of Congress and their staff to cover the three years of Japanese occupation. In effect, the Backpay Law compensated the legislators for service that they never rendered during the war years. The passage of this measure was met with public indignation. It led to a political backlash and many members of Congress lost their seats during the national elections held in April 1946.
Several key measures were passed concerning postwar relations between the Philippines and the United States and the Philippine government\'s participation in the postwar global politico-economic system led by the United States. Joint Resolution No. 4, signed into law by President Osmeña on July 28, 1945, authorized the President of the Philippines to negotiate with the President of the United States the establishment in the Philippines of military bases \"to insure the territorial integrity of the Philippines, the mutual protection of the Philippines and the United States, and the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.\" Another joint resolution was passed by Congress for the establishment of free trade between the United States following the recommendations of the Bell Trade Mission, which President Osmeña himself supported and endorsed. This became the foundation of the controversial Bell Trade Act of 1946.
In October 1945, President Osmeña also signed House Bill No. 608. This legislation authorized the participation of the Philippine Commonwealth Government in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank system following the Bretton-Woods Conference in July 1944.
Finally, it was during this historic Congress that the Philippine Senate first exercised its constitutional authority to ratify treaties and other international agreements with its unanimous ratification on August 30, 1945, of the Charter of the newly formed United Nations. President Osmeña appeared before the Senate three days earlier to deliver the Charter and ask for its ratification.
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
## Postwar Factionalism in Congress {#postwar_factionalism_in_congress}
The political rivalry between Osmeña and Roxas, and their respective supporters, began in late May 1945 or even before the Congress opened its first session. After Congress convened, it became apparent that the Roxas bloc (later known as the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party) would in due time separate from the ruling Nacionalista Party led by Osmeña. Hence, Osmeña\'s allies, particularly in the House of Representatives and the Cabinet, exerted every effort to prevent Roxas from using the Congress as his base of political support during the Liberation period. For example, the Congressional Record of June 11--13, 1945 reports the deliberations in the House of Representatives over Osmeña\'s Interior Secretary, Tomas Confesor, assertion in the local press that Congress was illegally convened for many reasons, including the expired term of one-third of the senators elected in 1941. Later, Cebu congressman Pedro Lopez and Senator Carlos P. Garcia took to the floor of their respective chambers to denounce the so-called wartime collaborators in Congress led by Roxas, leading to fiery debates over the collaboration issue and the legality of having sitting members of Congress who were accused of collaboration or under investigation therefor. Subsequently, congressmen like Nueva Vizcaya\'s Leon Cabarroguis sought to petition the United States to immediately disband Congress and call for elections or to convert Congress into an advisory panel to the President (Osmeña) to bypass these legal challenges to its existence and operation after the war.
The Osmeña-Roxas rivalry intensified in the Commission on Appointments --- a congressional body consisting of 12 senators and 12 congressmen --- which was responsible for confirming presidential nominations. The Commission was chaired by Roxas himself as senate president. In that powerful position, Roxas managed to sit on (bypass) the nominations of some of Osmeña\'s most important political advisers and supporters. The Commission also confirmed Osmeña\'s nominations for chief justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court, except for one, Justice Jose A. Espiritu, whose credentials were questioned before the Commission. Espiritu became the shortest-serving member of the Supreme Court. He returned as dean of the U.P. College of Law in September 1945, after serving in an *ad interim* capacity as associate justice for only two months.
The heat of presidential politics further divided loyalties in the postwar Congress, as its members failed to decide on the date of elections for president, vice-president, 16 senators and 98 congressmen as well as certain electoral provisions (e.g., whether to allow soldiers to vote). President Osmeña thus requested the U.S. Congress to intervene and set the date of the first post-war elections. The U.S. Congress, in a joint resolution issued in November 1945, called for national elections to take place no later than April 30, 1946, and for the Second Congress to convene not later than May 28, 1946. On December 20, 1945, the First Commonwealth Congress met for the last time to discuss the April 1946 presidential elections---the first since 1941.
The 1946 elections catapulted the newly formed Liberal Party to power for the first time. Senate President Roxas and Senate President Pro Tempore Quirino, of the Liberal Party, were respectively elected as first President and Vice-President of the Republic of the Philippines, which gained independence from the U.S. on July 4, 1946. Erstwhile Senate Floor Leader Melecio Arranz became President Pro Tempore of the Senate, while House of Representatives Majority Leader Eugenio Pérez became its Speaker when the new Congress convened in May 1946. Speaker Zulueta, on the other hand, joined the Roxas Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior and later ran and won as senator. Many other members of the First Commonwealth Congress held top positions in the newborn republic.
## Other Vital Legislation {#other_vital_legislation}
- Commonwealth Act No. 672 -- *Rehabilitation of the Philippine National Bank*
- Commonwealth Act No. 675 -- *Immediate Payment of the Salaries of Deceased Filipino Soldiers, Including Recognized Guerrillas*
- Commonwealth Act No. 676 -- *Authorization of the Advance Bonus Payment for the Three-Month Salaries of Government Officials and Employees*
- Commonwealth Act No. 678 -- *Determination of the Staggered Terms of Office of Senators Elected in 1941*
- Commonwealth Act No. 681 -- *Rehabilitation of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society*
- Commonwealth Act No. 682 -- *Creating the People\'s Court and Office of Special Prosecutors*
- Commonwealth Act No. 683 -- *Creating the Office of Foreign Relations* (precursor of the Department of Foreign Affairs)
- Commonwealth Act No. 686 -- *Advance Bonus to Public School Teachers and Low-Salaried Government Employees*
- Commonwealth Act No. 687 -- *Creating the Province of Catanduanes*
- Commonwealth Act No. 689 -- *Penalizing Illegal Increase of Rentals for Dwelling Purposes*
- Commonwealth Act No. 693 -- *Providing for the Lifetime Pension of Mrs. Aurora A. Quezon*
- Commonwealth Act No. 699 -- *Authorization of Membership of the Philippines in the Newly-Created International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)*
- Commonwealth Act No. 715 -- *Creation of the Commission on Reparations*
- Commonwealth Act No. 716 -- *Creation of the Philippine Relief and Rehabilitation Administration*
- Commonwealth Act No. 725 -- *Providing for the Election of President, Vice-President, Senators and Members of the House of Representatives* (the last under the Commonwealth)
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# 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
## Sessions
- **First Special Session:** June 9 -- July 13, 1945 (30 session days)
- **Second Special Session:** August 14 -- September 17, 1945 (30 session days)
- **Third Special Session:** September 22 -- October 3, 1945 (10 session days)
- **Fourth Special Session:** December 6 -- 12, 1945 (6 session days)
- **Fifth Special Session:** December 13 -- 20, 1945 (7 session days)
## Leadership
### Senate
- President: Manuel Roxas (Nacionalista)
- President pro tempore: Elpidio Quirino (Nacionalista)
- Majority Floor Leader: Melecio Arranz (Nacionalista)
### House of Representatives {#house_of_representatives}
- Speaker: Jose Zulueta (Iloilo--1st, Nacionalista)
- Speaker pro tempore: Prospero Sanidad (Ilocos Sur--2nd, Nacionalista)
- Majority Floor Leader: Eugenio Perez (Pangasinan--2nd, Nacionalista)
## Members
### Senate {#senate_1}
All the senators of this Congress were elected on November 11, 1941, but, following the outbreak of World War II, were only able to take office on July 9, 1945. A lottery was held to determine the 16 senators whose terms will expire on May 25, 1946, and the eight senators whose terms will expire on December 30, 1947
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# Robert Jeffery (cricketer)
**Robert Frederick Jeffery** (born 19 September 1953) is a former Australian cricketer. An all-rounder who batted left-handed and bowled left-arm medium pace, he played first-class cricket for New South Wales and Tasmania from 1978 until 1982.
Jeffery\'s highest first-class score was 198 for Tasmania against Queensland in 1979--80, when he put on 182 for the opening stand with Gary Goodman, and 142 for the third wicket with Brian Davison. His best first-class bowling figures were 4 for 37 against Western Australia a few weeks later
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| 0 |
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# Side by Side (TV series)
***Side by Side*** is a British sitcom starring Gareth Hunt and Louisa Rix that was broadcast for two series from 1992 to 1993. It was written by Richard Ommanney, who had also written *Three Up, Two Down*.
## Cast
- Gareth Hunt -- Vince Tulley
- Louisa Rix -- Gilly Bell
- Julia Deakin -- Stella Tulley
- Mia Fothergill -- Katie Bell
- Alex Walkinshaw -- Terry Shane
## Plot
Vince Tulley is a successful and relatively wealthy plumber who lives in Kingston upon Thames in Surrey, with his wife Stella. He enjoys adding bizarre and unusual features to both the inside and outside of his house, including a windmill and mock Acropolis. His neighbour, Gilly Bell, is recently widowed and bringing up her daughter Katie. Gilly hates Vince\'s additions as she feels he is bringing down the tone of the neighbourhood, although she gets on very well with Vince\'s easy-going wife, Stella. Terry Shane, Vince\'s nephew and assistant, has a love-hate relationship with Katie.
## Episodes
Series One had six episodes, which aired weekly from 27 April until 1 June 1992. Series Two had seven episodes, which aired weekly from 18 February until 1 April 1993
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# Pakubuwono XI
**Pakubuwono XI** (also transliterated as **Pakubuwana XI**; 1 February 1886 -- 1 June 1945) was the eleventh Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) during the Second World War -- and during the Japanese occupation of Java.
In his capacity as the eleventh Susuhunan, Pakubuwono XI was an officer à la suite of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL). He was made a Major General of the KNIL on 15 April 1939.
## Heir apparent {#heir_apparent}
He was born as Raden Mas Ontoseno, he was the son of Pakubuwono X and his concubine, Kanjeng Raden Ayu Mandojoretno. Upon reaching adulthood, he was styled as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi. He was crowned as Susuhunan Pakubuwana XI on 26 April 1939.
The appointment of KGPH. Hangabehi as Pakubuwono XI wasn\'t without conflict, due to Pakubuwono X\'s preference to KGPH. Koesoemojoedo (Gusti Raden Mas Abimanjoe), KGPH. Hangabehi\'s younger brother, to succeed him. Moreover, from the Dutch colonial government\'s point of view, KGPH. Koesoemojoedo was a strong-personality Javanese nobleman who interested in the court\'s financial and administration affairs. In another side, KGPH. Hangabehi\'s position was also strong, mainly from majority of anti-Dutch court\'s elites. Pakubuwono X himself had more than 60 children. A wedging problem was that Pakubuwono X had no son from his two queen consorts. The eldest sons, KGPH. Hangabehi and KGPH. Koesoemojoedo, were born from concubines. In 1898, Pakubuwono X had actually intended to appoint KGPH. Koesoemojoedo as a crown prince although he was born 40 days after KGPH. Hangabehi\'s birth. However, Pakubuwono X abandoned his plan, and he chose KGPH. Hangabehi as the heir.
KGPH. Hangabehi was given many important positions, such as *wedana tengen* (chancellor) and Vice-Chairman of *Raad Nagari*, a royal advisory council. He was also tasked by his father to attend 40th jubilee of Queen Wilhelmina\'s coronation in the Netherlands.
## Reign
In the late November 1938, Pakubuwono X was severely ill, and died 3 months later. On the advice of Parliament of the Netherlands, Governor-General Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer chose KGPH. Hangabehi to succeed his father as Pakubuwono XI. Pakubuwono XI\'s coronation was accompanied by political contract which reduced Susuhunan\'s suzerainty, which mentioned that Pakubuwono XI would be deposed if he couldn\'t fulfill his obligation as determined in political contract, plus the withholding of royal expenditure budget dramatically.
Pakubuwono XI\'s reign was marked by difficult era, coincided with World War II. He also experienced the transfer of colonial government, from the Netherlands to Japan since 1942. The Japanese dubbed Surakarta Sunanate as Solo Koo. In Japanese colonial era, there was inflation which severed royal and nobility\'s finances. The Japanese also confiscated most of court\'s assets, which caused Pakubuwono XI fell ill. After his death on 1 June, 1945, he was succeeded by his very young son, styled Pakubuwono XII.
## Family
### Queen consorts {#queen_consorts}
1. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana (died before his ascension)
2. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwana\
born as Raden Ajeng Kuspariyah, daughter of Kanjeng Raden Mas Tumenggung Puspadiningrat.
### Concubines
1. Kanjeng Raden Ayu Dayaresmi
2. Kanjeng Raden Ayu Dayaningsih
3. Kanjeng Raden Ayu Dayasuma
4. Kanjeng Raden Ayu Daya Asmara
5. Kanjeng Raden Ayu Dayaningrat
### Sons
1. Gusti Raden Mas Saliman\
son of GKR. Kencana, styled as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Mangkubumi.
2. Bendara Raden Mas Danurwinda\
son of KRAy. Dayaningsih, styled as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Hangabehi.
3. Bendara Raden Mas Surya Suksara\
son of KRAy. Daya Asmara, styled as Gusti Pangeran Harya Natapura.
4. Gusti Raden Mas Surya Guritna\
son of GKR. Pakubuwana, styled as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Purbaya, then **Pakubuwana XII**.
5. Bendara Raden Mas Surya Lelana\
son of KRAy. Dayaningsih, styled as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Prabuwijaya.
6. Bendara Raden Mas Surya Dharmaja\
son of KRAy. Daya Asmara, styled as Gusti Pangeran Harya Bintara.
### Daughters
1. Gusti Raden Ajeng Saparinten\
daughter of GKR. Kencana, styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu.
2. Gusti Raden Ajeng Shamsiah\
daughter of GKR. Kencana, styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendara.
3. Gusti Raden Ajeng Kus Sapatinten\
daughter of GKR. Kencana, styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Chandra Kirana.
4. Bendara Raden Ajeng Suprapti\
daughter of KRAy. Dayaningsih, styled as Gusti Raden Ayu Kusumadartaya.
5. Gusti Raden Ajeng Kus Sapariyam\
daughter of GKR. Pakubuwana, styled as Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton
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| 0 |
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# Molitva
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Error at (line 92, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{singlechart|Flanders Tip|4|artist=Marija Šerifović|song=Molitva|rowheader=true}}
^
``
| 18 |
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| 0 |
10,068,031 |
# Merima Denboba
**Merima Denboba** (born 21 August 1974 in Arsi) is an Ethiopian former long-distance runner, who specialized in the 5000 metres and cross-country running.
Denboba won the 2003 Oeiras International Cross Country, beating two-time champion Leah Malot in the process. She also won the Cross Internacional de Itálica that year, and returned for a second victory in 2004. Medina now coaches the track and field team of Seattle Preparatory School
## International competitions {#international_competitions}
Representing `{{ETH}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
## Personal bests {#personal_bests}
- 1500 metres - 4:14.60 min (1994)
- 3000 metres - 8:44.21 min (1999)
- 5000 metres - 15:06.08 min (2001)
- 10,000 metres - 31:32
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| 0 |
10,068,034 |
# Peter Jackson (cricketer)
**Percy Frederick Jackson** (11 May 1911 -- 27 April 1999) was a Scottish born English cricketer for Worcestershire County Cricket Club. He bowled offspin and was also known to take the new ball and bowl medium-paced outswingers. Jackson took 1159 first-class wickets at 26.31 and was a genuine tailender with a highest score of just 40 from his 549 innings.
Jackson holds the record for the most ducks in a season for Worcestershire, being dismissed for nought on no fewer than 16 occasions in 1935
| 89 |
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| 0 |
10,068,059 |
# Gregory Wilson (Australian cricketer)
**Gregory James Wilson** (born 4 January 1958 in Launceston, Tasmania) was an Australian cricket player, who played for the Tasmania. He was a right-handed batsman and right arm fast-medium bowler who represented Tasmania from 1979 until 1982
| 42 |
Gregory Wilson (Australian cricketer)
| 0 |
10,068,064 |
# The Body Works
***The Body Works*** was a Canadian educational children\'s television series which was produced by TVOntario and Access. The show debuted in 1980 and consisted of 40 ten-minute episodes. The show taught exercise, health, and nutrition to children
| 41 |
The Body Works
| 0 |
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# Perunna
**Perunna** is a suburb of Changanassery, Kerala, India. Perunna is located approximately 0.8 kilometres south of the town centre, at the intersection of the State Highway 1 and the State Highway 11.
Perunna is the headquarters of the Nair Service Society (NSS), and the birthplace of the famous 20th century social reformer and freedom fighter Mannathu Padmanabhan, founder of NSS. It is also the birthplace of the famous poet Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer
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# Electoral district of Earlwood
**Earlwood** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales from 1950 to 1991. It included Earlwood and Beverly Hills.
At the 1991 election, it was abolished and its area split between the seats of Canterbury, Hurstville and Rockdale
| 51 |
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10,068,088 |
# The Peak Galleria
**Peak Galleria** (`{{zh|t=山頂廣場|j=saan1 deng2 gwong2 coeng4}}`{=mediawiki}) is a leisure and shopping complex and a tourist attraction located at Victoria Gap, near the summit of Victoria Peak on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is owned and run by Hang Lung Properties. It includes a bus terminus for public buses run by New World First Bus and a green minibus route that serves the Peak. The complex is adjacent to the Peak Tower, another leisure and shopping complex, which houses the upper terminus of the Peak Tram.
The shopping complex houses several eateries. It also has a free-entry observatory deck on level 3, larger than the Peak Tower one.
## History
The Galleria complex, located on the former site of The Peak Hotel, has been open since 1993.
From 2013 until its closure in 2018, Hong Kong Trams Station, a museum and gift shop focused on the history of Hong Kong Tramways, was located in the complex.
In 2016, Hang Lung Properties began renovations and the restaurant Café Deco, which had been located in the mall for 22 years, was closed.
In 2019, Hang Lung Properties renovated the entrance of the mall.
HK Peak Gallera Void.jpg\|Atrium, before renovation The Peak Galleria Level 2 2009.jpg\|Mall, before renovation HK Peak Gallera Ceiling.jpg\|Entrance ceiling designed by Cork Marcheschi, removed in 2009 The Peak Galleria Entrance void glass wall 2020.jpg\|Entrance void glass wall, added after renovation The Peak Galleria Level 1 Children Playground 2020
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The Peak Galleria
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# Daniel Zegeye
**Daniel Zegeye** (born 13 March 1979 in Arusi) is a retired Ethiopian middle distance runner who specialized in 1500 metres.
He finished tenth at the 1998 World Junior Championships and sixth at the 2000 Olympic Games. He then competed at the 2001 World Indoor Championships and the 2001 World Championships without reaching the finals.
He has not competed on top international level since 2003. His personal best time was 3:36.33 minutes, achieved in August 2000 in Linz
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# Bartłomiej Chwalibogowski
**Bartłomiej Chwalibogowski** (born 7 August 1982) is a Polish footballer who plays as a left winger for Zgoda Byczyna.
## Career
He joined GKS Bełchatów from Zagłębie Sosnowiec in the winter break of the 2006--07 season. He was one of the best II liga players in the first half of that season.
Chwalibogowski previously played for GKS Bełchatów and Zagłębie Sosnowiec in the Polish Ekstraklasa
| 68 |
Bartłomiej Chwalibogowski
| 0 |
10,068,133 |
# Sunda clouded leopard
The **Sunda clouded leopard** (***Neofelis diardi***) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing population trend. On both Sunda Islands, it is threatened by deforestation. It was classified as a separate species, distinct from its close relative, the clouded leopard in mainland Southeast Asia based on a study in 2006. Its fur is darker with a smaller cloud pattern.
This cat is also known as the **Sundaland clouded leopard**, **Enkuli clouded leopard**, **Diard\'s clouded leopard**, and **Diard\'s cat**.
## Characteristics
The Sunda clouded leopard is overall grayish yellow or gray hue. It has a double midline on the back and is marked with small irregular cloud-like patterns on shoulders. These cloud markings have frequent spots inside and form two or more rows that are arranged vertically from the back on the flanks. It can purr as its hyoid bone is ossified. Its pupils contract to vertical slits.
It has a stocky build and weighs around 12 to. Its canine teeth are 2 in long, which, in proportion to the skull length, are longer than those of any other living cat. Its tail can grow to be as long as its body, aiding balance.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
The Sunda clouded leopard is restricted to the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. In Borneo, it occurs in lowland rainforest, and at lower density in logged forest below 1500 m. In Sumatra, it appears to be more abundant in hilly, montane areas. It is unknown if it still occurs on the Batu Islands close to Sumatra.
Between March and August 2005, tracks of clouded leopards were recorded during field research in the Tabin Wildlife Reserve in Sabah. The population size in the 56 km2 research area was estimated to be five individuals, based on a capture-recapture analysis of four confirmed animals differentiated by their tracks. The density was estimated at eight to 17 individuals per 100 km2. The population in Sabah is roughly estimated at 1,500--3,200 individuals, with only 275--585 of them living in totally protected reserves that are large enough to hold a long-term viable population of more than 50 individuals. Density outside protected areas in Sabah is probably much lower, estimated at one individual per 100 km2.
In Sumatra, it was recorded in Kerinci Seblat, Gunung Leuser and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Parks. It occurs most probably in much lower densities than on Borneo. One explanation for this lower density of about 1.29 individuals per 100 km2 might be that on Sumatra it is sympatric with the Sumatran tiger, whereas on Borneo it is the largest carnivore.
Clouded leopard fossils were excavated on Java, where it perhaps became extinct in the Holocene.
## Ecology and behaviour {#ecology_and_behaviour}
The habits of the Sunda clouded leopard are largely unknown because of the animal\'s secretive nature. It is assumed that it is generally solitary. It hunts mainly on the ground and uses its climbing skills to hide from dangers.
## Taxonomy and evolution {#taxonomy_and_evolution}
*Felis diardi* was the scientific name proposed by Georges Cuvier in 1823 in honour of Pierre-Médard Diard, who sent a skin and a drawing from Java to National Museum of Natural History, France. It was subordinated as a clouded leopard subspecies by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1917.
Results of molecular genetic analysis of hair samples from mainland and Sunda clouded leopards showed differences in mtDNA, nuclear DNA sequences, and microsatellite and cytogenetic variation. This indicates that they diverged between 2 and 0.9 million years ago; their last common ancestor probably crossed a now submerged land bridge to reach Borneo and Sumatra. Results of a morphometric analysis of the pelages of 57 clouded leopards sampled throughout the genus\' wide geographical range indicated that the two morphological groups differ primarily in the size of their cloud markings. The genus *Neofelis* was therefore reclassified as comprising two distinct species, *N. nebulosa* on the mainland and *N. diardi* in Sumatra and Borneo.
Molecular, craniomandibular, and dental analysis indicates the Sunda clouded leopard has two distinct subspecies with separate evolutionary histories:
- Bornean clouded leopard (*N. d. borneensis*)
- Sumatran clouded leopard (*N. d. diardi*)
Both populations are estimated to have diverged during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. This split corresponds roughly with the catastrophic super-eruption of the Toba Volcano in Sumatra 69,000--77,000 years ago. A probable scenario is that Sunda clouded leopards from Borneo recolonized Sumatra during periods of low sea levels in the Pleistocene, and were later separated from their source population by rising sea levels.
## Threats
Sunda clouded leopards being strongly arboreal are forest-dependent, and are increasingly threatened by habitat destruction following deforestation in Indonesia as well as in Malaysia.
Since the early 1970s, much of the forest cover has been cleared in southern Sumatra, in particular lowland tropical evergreen forest. Fragmentation of forest stands and agricultural encroachments have rendered wildlife particularly vulnerable to human pressure. Borneo has one of the world\'s highest deforestation rates. While in the mid-1980s forests still covered nearly three quarters of the island, by 2005 only 52% of Borneo was still forested. Both forests and land make way for human settlement. Illegal trade in wildlife is a widely spread practice.
The population status of Sunda clouded leopards in Sumatra and Borneo has been estimated to decrease due to forest loss, forest conversion, illegal logging, encroachment, and possibly hunting. In Borneo, forest fires pose an additional threat, particularly in Kaltimantan and in the Sebangau National Park.
There have been reports of poaching of Sunda clouded leopards in Brunei\'s Belait District where locals are selling their pelts at a lucrative price.
In Indonesia, the Sunda clouded leopard is threatened by illegal hunting and trade. Between 2011 and 2019, body parts of 32 individuals were seized including 17 live individuals, six skins, several canines and claws. One live individual seized in Jakarta had been ordered by a Kuwaiti buyer.
| 1,005 |
Sunda clouded leopard
| 0 |
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# Sunda clouded leopard
## Conservation
*Neofelis diardi* is listed on CITES Appendix I, and is fully protected in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. Sunda clouded leopards occur in most protected areas along the Sumatran mountain spine and in most protected areas on Borneo.
Since November 2006, the Bornean Wild Cat and Clouded Leopard Project based in the Danum Valley Conservation Area and the Tabin Wildlife Reserve aims to study the behaviour and ecology of the five species of Bornean wild cat --- bay cat, flat-headed cat, marbled cat, leopard cat, and Sunda clouded leopard --- and their prey, with a focus on the clouded leopard; investigate the effects of habitat alteration; increase awareness of the Bornean wild cats and their conservation needs, using the clouded leopard as a flagship species; and investigate threats to the Bornean wild cats from hunting and trade in Sabah.
The Sunda clouded leopard is one of the focal cats of the project *Conservation of Carnivores in Sabah* based in northeastern Borneo since July 2008. The project team evaluates the consequences of different forms of forest exploitation for the abundance and density of felids in three commercially used forest reserves. They intend to assess the conservation needs of these felids and develop species specific conservation action plans together with other researchers and all local stakeholders.
## Names
The scientific name of the genus *Neofelis* is a composite of the Greek word νεο- meaning \"new, fresh, strange\", and the Latin word *feles* meaning \"cat\", so it literally means \"new cat.\"
The Indonesian name for the clouded leopard *rimau-dahan* means \"tree tiger\" or \"branch tiger\". In Sarawak, it is known as *entulu*
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# Banu Ukhaidhir
The **Banu \'l-Ukhaidhir** (*Banū ʾl-Ukhayḍir*), informally as **Ukhaydhirites**, was an Arab dynasty that ruled in al-Yamama (central Arabia) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century. An Alid dynasty, they were descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and his grandson Al-Hasan, and at least one contemporary traveler describes them as having been Shi\'ites of the Zaydi persuasion. Their capital was known as al-Khidhrimah, which lay near the present-day city of Al-Kharj in Saudi Arabia.
## History
The founder of the dynasty was *Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Djawn ibn Abd Allah al-Kāmil ibn Al-Hasan al-Mu\'thannā bin Al-Hassan al-mujtaba bin Ali al Murtaza bin Abi Talib.* Muhammad\'s brother Isma\'il had launched a rebellion in the Tihamah in 865 against the Abbasid government and temporarily occupied the city of Mecca. After Isma\'il\'s death the following year, Muhammad began stirring up trouble along the road running between the Hejaz and Iraq, but was defeated by the road\'s governor Abu \'l-Saj Dewdad. Fleeing from the government forces, he made his way in al-Yamamah and established himself there in 867.
Al-Yamamah at the time was nominally part of the Abbasid Caliphate, but the central government had largely neglected the area for years due to its remoteness. With the exception of the occasional raid by government forces, the tribes there were largely self-governing. When Muhammad arrived in al-Yamamah, he likely gained the support of the Banu Hanifa, the largest tribe in the area, and created an independent amirate.
It is not known how much of al-Yamamah was ruled by Muhammad and his descendants. Descriptions of the extent of the amirate by medieval Muslim historians vary; one source states that it controlled only al-Khidhrimah and its outskirts, while another claims that it ruled over a territory that extended as far north as Qurran.
The early rule of the Banu \'l-Ukhaidhir was characterized by a sustained economic depression. Thousands of people are recorded as having emigrated from al-Yamamah to various provinces of the caliphate in order to escape the turmoil. Muhammad has been blamed for this period of hardship due to his oppressive rule, although it has been noted that reports of mass emigration from al-Yamamah began years before his arrival.
Muhammad was succeeded as amir by his son Yusuf, who was himself succeeded by his son Isma\'il. Isma\'il established an alliance with the powerful Qarmatians of neighboring Al-Hasa. He participated in the capture of Kufa in 925 and was given command of the town by the Qarmatian leader Abu Tahir. Relations between the two sides, however, subsequently soured, and in 928 Isma\'il and several members of his family were killed in a battle with the Qarmatians.
Isma\'il was succeeded by his son al-Hasan, and at this point the amirate likely subordinate to the Qarmatians. After the rule of al-Hasan\'s son Ahmad, the history of the Banu \'l-Ukhaidhir becomes obscure. When the traveler Nasir-i Khusraw arrived in al-Yamamah in 1051, the Banu \'l-Ukhaidhir were still ruling there, but at some point after this the Banu Kilab took over the country.
## Rulers
*(Established in 866 by Muḥammad ibn Yūsūfūʾl-Ukhayḍir ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn after the unsuccessful revolt of his brother Ismā\'īl ibn Yūsūfūʾl-Ukhayḍir in April 865)*
1. Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir (from 866)
2. Yusuf ibn Muhammad
3. Ismā\'īl ibn Yūsūf (to 928)
4. Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf
5. Ahmad ibn al-Hasan
6. Abu \'l-Muqallid Ja\'far
7. and the Descendants of Abu \'l-Muqallid Ja\'far ibn Ahmad
After Ahmad, the list of rulers becomes uncertain, but later amirs were descendants of his son Abu \'l-Muqallid Ja\'far
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# Sidney Weintraub (economist, born 1914)
**Sidney Weintraub** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|aɪ|n|t|r|ɑː|b}}`{=mediawiki}; April 28, 1914 -- June 19, 1983) was an American economist, one of the most prominent American members of the Post Keynesian economics school. He was the co-founder and co-editor of *The Journal of Post Keynesian Economics* (1978). His views included criticism of monetarism and the neoclassical synthesis, and promotion of the tax-based incomes policy (TIP).
## Biography
After a year at the London School of Economics in 1938--39, Weintraub received a Ph.D. from New York University in 1941, and worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York until 1943, when he was drafted into the U.S. Army. In 1945 he joined the faculty of St. John\'s University in Brooklyn, New York. In 1950 he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1957 he was awarded a Ford Foundation fellowship to travel to Europe. In 1969--70 he taught at the University of Waterloo. In 1972--3 he wrote a weekly column for the *Philadelphia Bulletin*. During his career he gave over 500 guest lectures in the U.S., Canada, and Europe, and published 18 books, 80+ scholarly articles, and 50+ popular articles. His students include Paul Davidson and Douglas Peters.
In August 1940 he married Sheila Tarlow.
He is the father of the mathematical economist E. Roy Weintraub.
## Publications
- *Price Theory*, 1949.
- *Income and Employment Analysis*, 1951.
- *Approach to the Theory of Income Distribution*, 1958.
- *A General Theory of the Price Level, Output, Income Distribution, and Economic Growth*, 1959. [1](https://www.questia.com/library/1589671/a-general-theory-of-the-price-level-output-income)
- *Classical Keynesianism, Monetary Theory, and the Price Level*, 1961.
- *A General Theory of the Price Level*, 1959.
- *A Tax-Based Incomes Policy* (with Henry C. Wallich), Journal of Economic Issues, 1971.[2](https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4224073?uid=3739568&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102520885107)
- *Keynes and the Monetarists* (1973). 2nd ed. 1978
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# Phillip Blizzard
**Phillip Ashley Blizzard** (born 6 February 1958 in Burnie, Tasmania) was an Australian cricket player, who played for Tasmania. He was a right-handed batsman and left arm fast-medium bowler who represented Tasmania from 1979 until 1984. He also played in one season for New South Wales
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Phillip Blizzard
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# Electoral district of Eastwood
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| 25 |
Electoral district of Eastwood
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# Chris Broadby
**Christopher Laurence Broadby** (born 17 March 1959) is an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania. He was a right-handed batsman and left-arm orthodox bowler who played for the side between 1979--80 and 1987--88
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Chris Broadby
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# Charles Fox (missionary)
**Charles Elliot Fox** `{{post-nominals|country=NZL|CBE|size=85%}}`{=mediawiki} (26 September 1878 -- 28 October 1977) was an Anglican missionary and teacher in Melanesia.
Fox was also the founder of the precursor club of Real Kakamora, now considered to be the most popular football club in the Solomon Islands.
## Career
Fox was born in Stalbridge, Dorset, England, and educated in New Zealand, graduating Master of Arts from Auckland University College in 1901. He received a degree in theology from St John\'s College, Auckland in 1902, joined the Anglican Melanesian Mission in 1903 and was ordained the same year.
Fox co-authored \"Beliefs and Tales of San Cristobal\" in 1915, which was later printed in the *J Royal Anthropological Inst.*
Starting around 1924, Fox worked on a dictionary the Lau language of Malaita and one of the Arosi language of Makira in the Solomon Islands.
In 1932, Fox declined the post of Bishop of the Melanesian Mission. In the same year he was admitted to the Melanesian Brotherhood.
In the 1974 New Year Honours, Fox was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for humanitarian services, particularly in the Solomon Islands. He died in New Zealand in 1977, aged 99 years. He is buried at the Melanesian Brotherhood headquarters at Tabalia in the Solomon Islands
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10,068,340 |
# Westerway, Tasmania
**Westerway** is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Central Highlands and Derwent Valley in the Central and South-east LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 29 km north-west of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census has a population of 225 for the state suburb of Westerway.
## History
Westerway was originally known as Russell or Russelldale and was named after surgeon J J Russell, one of the party who discovered a set of waterfalls 3 km from Fenton Forest. (These are not the present day Russell Falls.) The Derwent Valley Railway line reached the town in 1909. Russell Post Office opened on 1 October 1910 and was renamed *Westerway* in 1919.
Due to confusion between the town of Russell and Russell Falls further up the road, the town\'s name was changed in 1919 to Westerway. It was named by, and after, W H Westerway (1851--1930), the main resident of the town who was responsible for many developments in the area. He built an accommodation house and store where Coniston siding is now, owned the Coffee Palace at Glenora and started a livery business driving tourists to Russell Falls.
Westerway School opened in 1920 with thirty-six students. From 1920 to 1960 there was a bakery and, from 1947 to 1970, a police station. At the time of the 1934 bushfires, the original Westerway Hall became a temporary hospital and in 1939 a recruitment office for enlistees. That hall was pulled down and rebuilt in 1940. The present hall replaced the 1940 hall after it burnt down.
Westerway railway station was important as it was the starting point for the pack horse journey to the long abandoned Adamsfield osmiridium mine. As the timber industry became more important to the area, a sawmill was built and the number of timber mills in the area increased and the train line was used to transport logs to Boyer and Hobart. The Derwent Valley Railway was, until recently, used by tourists to visit the area.
Westerway was gazetted as a locality in 1959.
## Geography
The Tyenna River flows through from west to east.
## Road infrastructure {#road_infrastructure}
Route B91 (Gordon River Road) passes through from east to west. Route C608 (Ellendale Road) starts at an intersection with B91 and runs north-west until it exits
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# Counts and dukes of Guelders
Guelders is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.
## Counts
### House of Wassenberg {#house_of_wassenberg}
- before 1096--about 1129: Gerard I
- about 1129--about 1131: Gerard II, son of Gerard I
- about 1131--1182: Henry I, son of Gerard II
- 1182--1207: Otto I, son of Henry I
- 1207--1229: Gerard III, son of Otto I
- 1229--1271: Otto II, son of Gerard III
- 1271--1318: Reginald I, son of Otto II
- 1318--1343: Reginald II, son of Reginald I
## Dukes
### House of Wassenberg {#house_of_wassenberg_1}
During Reinoud II\'s reign, the county of Guelders was elevated to a duchy with the Wessenberg-Maccan.
- 1318--1343: Reginald II
- 1343--1344: Eleanor, wife of Reginald II, regent of Reginald III
- 1343--1361: Reginald III, son of Reginald II and Eleanor
- 1361--1371: Edward, son of Reginald II and Eleanor
- 1371: Reginald III, second time
After the death of Reginald III without issue, two of his half-sisters disputed the succession of the Duchy of Guelders:
- 1371--1379 Matilde (d. 1384) and her husband, John II, Count of Blois (d. 1381)
- 1371--1379 Maria (d. 1397) and her husband, William II, Duke of Jülich (d. 1393)
### House of Jülich-Hengebach {#house_of_jülich_hengebach}
- 1379--1402: William I, son of Maria and William II
- 1402--1423: Reginald IV, son of Maria and William II
### House of Egmond {#house_of_egmond}
- - 1423--1436: John II, father and regent of Arnold
- 1423--1465: Arnold, grandnephew of Reginald IV, son of John II
- 1465--1471: Adolf, son of Arnold
- 1471--1473: Arnold, second time
Arnold sold the Duchy of Guelders to Charles I, Duke of Burgundy, who was recognized by the Holy Roman Emperor as Duke of Guelders.
### House of Burgundy {#house_of_burgundy}
- 1473--1477: Charles I
- 1477--1482: Mary, daughter of Charles I, wife of Maximillian
### House of Habsburg {#house_of_habsburg}
- 1477--1482: Maximillian I, ruler *jure uxoris*
- 1482--1492: Philip I, son of Mary and Maximilian I
### House of Egmond {#house_of_egmond_1}
The Egmond family did not abandon their claims to Guelders and Charles II, Duke of Guelders conquered the Duchy in 1492. As Duke his regent was his aunt Catherine of Guelders. Charles remained in power with support of the French king.
- 1492--1538: Charles II, son of Adolf
### House of La Marck {#house_of_la_marck}
- 1538--1543: William II, distant relative and successor of the House of Egmond
### House of Habsburg {#house_of_habsburg_1}
- 1543--1555: Charles III, son of Philip I
- 1555--1598: Philip II, son of Charles III
## Guelders in popular culture {#guelders_in_popular_culture}
William Thatcher, the lead character in the 2001 film *A Knight\'s Tale* played by Heath Ledger claimed to be Sir Ulrich von Liechtenstein from Gelderland so as to appear to be of noble birth and thus qualify to participate in jousting
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Counts and dukes of Guelders
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10,068,370 |
# County Borough of Warrington
The **County Borough of Warrington** was, from 1847 to 1974, a local government district centred on Warrington in Lancashire, northwest England. It was alternatively known as **Warrington County Borough** and the **County of Warrington**.
The district became a county borough in 1900, until then being the *Municipal Borough of Warrington*, which had, in turn, been based on the older ancient borough of Warrington. This had received its charter in 1847. These earlier local government districts had crossed the county boundary line and contained small parts of parishes in Cheshire, namely, Latchford and Thelwall though these anomalies were rectified in 1894 and 1884, respectively.
The County Borough of Warrington was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 and its territory, along with that of Warrington Rural District transferred to Cheshire to form part of the Borough of Warrington
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| 0 |
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# The Magic Land of Allakazam
***The Magic Land of Allakazam*** was a series of network television shows starring American magician Mark Wilson. It ran from 1960 to 1964 and is credited with establishing the credibility of magic as a television entertainment.
## History
The origins of the series were in a locally broadcast show that Wilson arranged in Dallas, Texas, in 1955. That grew into other shows in Houston and San Antonio. With the introduction of videotape and the help of Alan Wakeling, Wilson created *The Magic World of Allakazam* as the first magic show to be videotaped and nationally syndicated. It debuted on 1 October 1960 on CBS and aired every Saturday morning on that network for two years. The shows were in black and white and were sponsored by Kellogg\'s. They followed a formula that Wilson devised and which he believed was essential for the success of magic on television---there should be a live audience, there should not be a cut from one view to another during a trick, and viewers should know that they were seeing exactly what the studio audience saw.
Wilson was assisted by his wife, Nani Darnell, and their young son, Mike. They were joined by Bev Bergeron, who played the character Rebo the Clown. Other cameo appearances by Bob Towner, Robert Fenton, and Chuck Burns played occasional characters on the show. Puppet stories set in the Land of Allakazam involved the King (played by Towner) and his subject Perriwinkle (played by Barnes), opposed by the wicked magician Evilo (also played by Towner). In its first year of broadcast, cartoon shorts from *The Huckleberry Hound Show* would be interspersed throughout the show, often times with Mark interacting with the animated characters when introducing them---the cartoons were dropped for the second season.
In 1962, the show moved to ABC without missing a week on air. In 1965, the series left ABC and was internationally syndicated. The series was one of the top shows in the Nielsen ratings for Saturday mornings. It has been cited by a number of famous magicians as an early inspiration.
## Home media {#home_media}
Wilson has released the first 24 shows on DVD in six volumes, as well as the 1970s *Magic Circus* episodes
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| 0 |
10,068,390 |
# Sacro Monte di Varallo
thumb\|Giovanni d\' Enrico, *Ecce Homo*(detail of the crowd calling for crucifixion), 1608--9 The **Sacred Mountain of Varallo** (*Sacro Monte di Varallo*) is a *Sacro Monte* (\"sacred mountain\", a type of mountainside Christian devotional complex) overlooking the town of Varallo Sesia in the province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is the oldest *Sacro Monte*, founded in 1491 by Franciscan friar Bernardino Caimi. It is built on a natural terrace on the rocky slopes of Monte Tre Croci (\"three crosses mountain\"), on the left bank of the Sesia river where it leaves Val Mastallone. It is 600 m above sea level, 150 m above the historic centre of Varallo. It is one of the nine Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, included in the UNESCO World Heritage list.
## Structures
The Sacro Monte at Varallo comprises the minor basilica and 45 chapels, either isolated or inserted into the large monumental complexes *Nazareth*, *Bethlehem*, *Pilate's house*, *Calvary*, *Sepulchre* and *Parella's house* -- populated by more than 800 life size painted statues, in wood and terracotta, that dramatically illustrate the life, passion, death and resurrection of Christ. These interiors are vividly decorated with fresco paintings.
The Sacro Monte area is divided into two distinct zones. The first, surrounded by plants, is set out like a sloping garden; here the chapels are positioned at strategic points along the path. Beginning with *Adam and Eve* or *Original Sin*, they narrate the story of Christ, from the Annunciation until his arrival in Bethlehem. The second zone, preceded by the *Porta Aurea*, is located on the summit, and is built up of palazzi and elaborate porticos, built around the two squares; **piazza dei Tribunali** (*piazza civica*) and **piazza del Tempio** (*piazza religiosa*). The aim here, was to represent the city of Jerusalem; it does indeed have a city feel about it. The chapels narrate the events of Christ\'s life inside and around the walls of Jerusalem; here are *The Last Supper*, *The Burial*, *The Resurrection of Christ* and *The Assumption of the Madonna*, to which the basilica is also dedicated. The urban character of this Sacro Monte clearly distinguishes it from the others.
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# Sacro Monte di Varallo
## History
The present layout of the Sacro Monte is the result of a series of interventions carried out from the very end of the 15th century up until the middle of the 19th century.
Father Bernardino Caimi, an eminent political and religious man, was the promoter of the Sacro Monte, with the help of rich local families. He had been rector of the Palestinian Holy Places, and an Ambassador to the Spanish court. A plaque tells us that Caimi tried to recreate the "Holy sites, so that who could not go on a pilgrimage might see Jerusalem". After his death in 1499, father Candido Ranzo and father Francesco da Marignano, continued his work. Helped by Gaudenzio Ferrari from Valduggia (a key figure until 1529 -- painter, sculptor and architect), creator of some of the most enthralling of the sacred dramas: *The Three Kings* and *The Crucifixion*. The Lanino brothers Giulio Cesare Luini and Fermo Stella da Caravaggio were the executors of his work.
From the middle of the sixteenth-century work began on a total renovation of the site. At the height of the Counter-Reformation, all the events of Jesus's life were to be represented, the passion and his death. The area was organized into two zones, the predominantly natural lower portion and the summit, destined to represent the **City of Jerusalem**. From 1570 to 1590 a substantial number of the chapels in the garden area were constructed, the frescoes were finished and the statues were added. From 1593 until 1640, the organization of the urbanistic, architectural and figurative elements was carried out in the elevated zone. The configuration of the Sacro Monte was taking place; the cardinal points of the first scenes - *Nazareth*, *Bethlehem*, *Crucifixion* and *The Burial* - were established in the new layout.
From 1565 until 1569 the architect Galeazzo Alessi played a decisive role in the renovation work, as did the Perugian architect Domenico Alfiano, and Valsesians Giovanni d'Enrico and Bartolomeo Ravelli. The sculptors, Tabacchetti, Giovanni D'Enrico, and painters like il Morazzone, Tanzio, Rocca, the Gherardini brothers, and the Gianoli brothers worked in the same artistic vein established by Gaudenzio Ferrari. However, Morazzone and the d'Enrico brothers, Giovanni and Tanzio, helped concretize the *gran teatro montano*. Giacomo Paracca completed the sculptural group depicting Massacre of the Innocents circa 1600.
## Gallery
<File:Varallo> Sesia Sacro Monte di Varallo 001.JPG\|View of *Supra montem* <File:Sacro> Monte di Varallo-parco e gruppo cappelle II-III-IV.JPG\|View of the park and chapels Image:Sacro Monte Varallo 2.JPG\| Chapels of the Annunciation (structure with chapels II, III, IV) Image:Varallo Sesia Sacro Monte di Varallo 002.JPG\|Chapel XXVIII, *Gesù al tribunale di Erode* Image:Sacro Monte Varallo 3.jpg\| Square of the Basilica, *La fontana e la chiesa del S. Sepolcro* Image:Sacro Monte Varallo 4
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# Stuart Saunders (cricketer)
**Stuart Lucas Saunders** (born 27 June 1960) was an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm leg break bowler who played for the state side between 1979--80 and 1988--89. He was born at Hobart in 1960
| 46 |
Stuart Saunders (cricketer)
| 0 |
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# Treo 750v
The **Palm Treo 750v** is a quad-band smartphone based on Microsoft\'s Windows Mobile 5.0 software. It was the first Treo model to be made available in Europe based on the Windows platform: previous Treo handsets were based on the Palm OS
| 44 |
Treo 750v
| 0 |
10,068,426 |
# Early American Methodist newspapers
Newspapers and news magazines have always been an important source of information for Methodist churches and their members and constituents. In the US, there have been a variety of instruments published over the years, some by General Conferences, others by annual conferences, others by individuals.
These are some of the early papers published by various Methodist denominations.
- **The Christian Advocate** was the first paper published weekly under the authority of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It was commenced in New York City, 9 September 1826. It continued publication for many years as the first official and leading paper of the ME denomination.
- **Zion\'s Herald,** published in Boston, actually preceded *The Christian Advocate,* but was not officially owned by the General Conference. It was later merged with *The Missionary Journal.* Later, Methodists in New England re-established *Zion\'s Herald* as a separate publication.[1](https://web.archive.org/web/20080127180028/http://oldwww.drew.edu/books/200Years/gallery/gal087.htm)
- **The Missionary Journal**, published in Charleston, was another publication which preceded *The Christian Advocate.* Neither, however, was owned by the General Conference.
- **The Christian Advocate and Journal and Zion\'s Herald** was a merger of *The Christian Advocate* with the earlier *Zion\'s Herald* and *The Missionary Journal.*
- **The Western Christian Advocate** was another early publication of the ME General Conference. It was published in Cincinnati especially to serve the needs of the Methodist Church as it spread westward with the frontier.
- **The Christian Recorder** was the title of an early official periodical of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, begun in 1863. It was published in Philadelphia.
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- **The Ladies\' Repository** was the monthly magazine founded in 1841 by Cincinnati Methodists.
- **The Nashville Christian Advocate** was a weekly newspaper, founded in 1836, that served as the official organ and preeminent weekly of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
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Early American Methodist newspapers
| 0 |
10,068,451 |
# New-Wes-Valley
**New-Wes-Valley** is a municipality in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Incorporated in 1992, it is located at the Northern end of Bonavista Bay just south of Cape Freels.
New-Wes-Valley takes its name from the towns of Newtown, Wesleyville, and Valleyfield. The municipality was formed by the combination of eight original villages: Newtown, Templeman, Pound Cove, Wesleyville, Brookfield, Badger\'s Quay, Pool\'s Island and Valleyfield, which all adjoin each other along a 15 km stretch of coastline containing many harbours, coves and islands. The terrain of the area is barren, rocky and relatively flat in comparison with much of the province. Today, the eight villages retain much of their own identity, with the municipality still containing as many as twelve churches.
The history of fishery in the area goes back to the 18th century, and it was settled by English fishermen permanently in the early to mid-19th century. Many of the early fishermen originally lived in island settlements such as Swains Island, Pinchards Island, and Flower\'s Island just offshore and close to the rich inshore fishing grounds. The inhabitants of these islands resettled to the mainland during the 19th century, with further island resettlement occurring within the area as late as 1953. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, this area was home to famous Newfoundland sealing families including the Keans, Winsors and Barbours. Today the area still contains beautiful homes, churches and mercantile premises dating from the 19th century.
The economy of the town has been mainly supported by the fish plant in Valleyfield, owned by Beothic Fisheries since the 1960s. Like many other Newfoundland fishing communities, the town has suffered from out-migration and declining population in recent years. A peak population of over 3,000 occurred during the 1950s through to the 1990s. Today, tourism is an important industry, with several heritage buildings and sites to visit, including the Barbour Living Heritage Village, at Newtown.
The area was connected by highways to the rest of the province in the 1950s. Prior to that transportation was by boat, with passenger services linking to the railroad at Gambo, about 70 km away. One of the most famous living persons from Wesleyville, New-Wes-Valley is David Blackwood, an internationally known Canadian artist whose work is inspired by his childhood memories of the area.
## Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New-Wes-Valley had a population of `{{val|2044|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} living in `{{val|903|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} of its `{{val|1089|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki} total private dwellings, a change of `{{percentage|{{#expr:2044-2172}}`{=mediawiki}\|2172\|1}} from its 2016 population of `{{val|2172|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki}. With a land area of 132.7 km2, it had a population density of `{{Pop density|2044|132.7|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}`{=mediawiki} in 2021
| 433 |
New-Wes-Valley
| 0 |
10,068,454 |
# Charlie Hanson
**Charlie Hanson** is a British producer and director. His award-winning work includes television shows such as *Desmond\'s*, *Chef!*, *The Big Impression*, *The Sketch Show* and *Whites*, and the 2003 feature film *A Way of Life*.
## Career
Hanson\'s work as a producer spans more than two decades of television drama and comedy. His work includes BBC Television\'s *This Morning with Richard Not Judy*, *Birds of a Feather*, Channel 4\'s *Desmond\'s*, *Chef!*, starring Lenny Henry for the BBC, *Kelsey Grammer Presents The Sketch Show* for Fox Television, both *The Harry Hill Show* and an episode of *Garth Marenghi\'s Darkplace* for Channel 4, Alistair McGowan\'s *The Big Impression*, winner of the BAFTA award for Best Comedy Programme in 2003, and ITV\'s *The Sketch Show*, winner of the BAFTA award for Best Comedy Programme in 2002.
In 2003 Hanson produced his first feature film, Amma Asante\'s BAFTA award-winning *A Way of Life*. The film, which had its world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival, was released in the UK in October 2004, garnering 12 international awards, including the Grand Jury Prize for Best Film, and the International Critics\' Prize at the Miami International Film Festival in 2005, and four BAFTA Cymru awards.
He has since produced two series of *Extras* for BBC/HBO, and in 2008 won a Golden Globe for the Extras Special TV Movie. Most recently he has produced the new Reggie Perrin on BBC1, and *Whites* for BBC2, starring Alan Davies. He has produced the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant movie *Cemetery Junction* for Sony International, released on 14 April 2010.
In 2011, Hanson produced Gervais and Merchant\'s new series, *Life\'s Too Short* and in 2012, Gervais\' Channel 4 comedy-drama pilot *Derek*. Hanson also worked on the Matt Lucas BBC2 television series *Pompidou*, which aired in early 2015. From 2019 Hanson went on to produce *After Life* for Gervais.
### Sexual assault allegations {#sexual_assault_allegations}
In May 2021, Hanson was accused by 11 anonymous women - in one letter - of serious sexual assault between 2008 and 2015. His accusers allege that he used \"his reputation\" to prey on them as young women by \"promising them a starry career under his wing\". Following the allegations, Hanson was suspended by BAFTA on 30 May 2021, and was removed as producer of *After Life*.
Despite the allegations no criminal prosecution has to date been pursued
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| 0 |
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# Bajo otro sol
***Bajo otro sol**\'\' (Spanish for***Under Another Sun**\'\'), is a 1988 Argentine film.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Manuel Ojeda, a rural lawyer who previously worked as a teacher during the dictatorship, returns to his hometown in Córdoba, Argentina. Motivated by a desire for justice, he embarks on a mission to avenge a disappeared comrade. The missing person, a member of the Peronist Youth, was targeted by Alberto Barrantes, a former employee of the factory where he was employed. Determined to uncover the truth, Manuel sets out to locate the missing individual
| 94 |
Bajo otro sol
| 0 |
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# Sandnes, Finnmark
, `{{native name|fkv|'''Kotajoki'''}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{native name|se|'''Goađak'''}}`{=mediawiki}, or `{{native name|sms|'''Kueʹttjokk'''}}`{=mediawiki} is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located about 10 km south of the town of Kirkenes between the suburban villages of Bjørnevatn and Hesseng. Sandnes has its own primary school.
The local sports club, Sandnes IL, runs one of Finnmark\'s best cross country arenas. Sandnes also has an alpine skiing resort, run by the same sports club, which is called Sandnes Alpine Center
| 80 |
Sandnes, Finnmark
| 0 |
10,068,529 |
# Nick Allanby
**Nicholas John Allanby** (born 24 August 1957) was an Australian cricket player, who played for Tasmania. He was a right-handed batsman and right arm medium pace bowler who played for the side between 1979 and 1983
| 39 |
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| 0 |
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# USS LCI(L)-760
*Pandoc failed*: ```
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| 19 |
USS LCI(L)-760
| 0 |
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# Huusgafvel
***Huusgavel***, ***Huusgafvel**\'\', or***Husgafvel**\'\', is listed as number 2102 on the List of Swedish noble families. The family originates from Vehkalahti (Veckelax), Finland
| 24 |
Huusgafvel
| 0 |
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# Lasiodiscus mildbraedii
***Lasiodiscus mildbraedii*** is small tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It occurs locally along the African east coast from South Africa northwards and in the African tropics. It is sometimes a dominant component of tropical forest understorey. Groups of small pale flowers are carried on long stalks in spring. The fruits reach maturity at the end of summer. The leaves have an opposite arrangement as in all members of *Lasiodiscus*. The leaf texture is somewhat rough and leathery. Leaf undersides are somewhat rufous toned
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Lasiodiscus mildbraedii
| 0 |
10,068,547 |
# Thai Thief
***Thai Thief*** (*ไทยถีบ*, also known as *Thai Theep*) is a 2006 Thai action comedy film, directed by Pisut Praesangeam and starring Todsaporn Rottakij and Sahatchai \"Stop\" Chumrum. It was distributed by RS Film and released on April 12, 2006. The film is set during World War II in Thailand.
## Plot
In World War II, Japanese troops occupied Southeast Asia with the intention of making new colonies. Thailand was one country that allowed the Japanese troops to transport their weapons and gold via train. For Kom, a well-known Thai thief, this was the perfect opportunity to commit a crime. Meanwhile, Toe, the leader of an anti-Japan movement has a plan to stop the train, but the situation becomes more difficult when Kom and Toe are forced to help a secret agent from being captured by the troops
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# She Killed in Ecstasy
***She Killed in Ecstasy*** (*Sie tötete in Ekstase* *Mrs. Hyde*) is a 1971 West German-Spanish erotic thriller film directed by Jesús Franco. The film\'s plot borrows elements from previous Franco films *Miss Muerte* and *Venus in Furs*. The film\'s productions staff includes many cast members and nearly the same crew as his previous film *Vampyros Lesbos*.
## Plot
Dr. Johnson lives in bliss with his beautiful wife until his unorthodox experiments with human embryos causes a medical committee to reject his findings and orders him to discontinue his work. The unstable doctor slashes his wrists in the bathroom. Devastated, his wife vows to seduce and kill the woman and three men \"responsible\" for the suicide.
## Cast
- Soledad Miranda as Mrs. Johnson (as Susann Korda)
- Fred Williams as Dr. Johnson
- Ewa Strömberg as Dr. Crawford (as Ewa Stroemberg)
- Paul Muller as Dr. Franklin Houston (as Paul Müller)
- Howard Vernon as Prof. Jonathan Walker
- Horst Tappert as Police Inspector
- Jesús Franco as Dr. Donen (uncredited)
- Rudolph Hertzog Jr. as Congress participant (uncredited)
- Karl-Heinz Mannchen as Congress participant (uncredited)
Reference:
## Production
The film was shot in July 1970 in Calp, Spain, less than a month after finishing his previous film *Vampyros Lesbos* (1971). Franco utilized the same cinematographer, film editor, and film composers as he had on *Vampyros Lesbos* as well as some of the cast including Soledad Miranda, Ewa Strömberg and Paul Muller.
The architecture of Ricardo Bofill features prominently in the film, in particular Xanadu.
The film re-uses plot elements from Franco\'s previous films *Miss Muerte* and *Venus in Furs* (1969).
## Release
*She Killed in Escstacy* was released on December 10, 1971, in Germany.
The film was released on DVD in the United States by Synapse Films in 2000. It was subsequently re-released by Image Entertainment in 2004. Both versions are currently out of print.
Severin Films released the film on April 14, 2015, for the first time on Blu-ray in the United States.
## Reception
The online film database Allmovie gave the film their lowest rating of one star out of five, but noted that \"A distinctive visual style, replete with surrealistic photography by Manuel Merino, sets this film apart from scores of similar sex-horror entries flooding the market in the early 1970s.\" Assistant professor Danny Shipka of Louisiana State University referred to the film as \"one of Franco\'s strongest of the 70\'s\", praising actress Soledad Miranda for the \"most intense performance of her career\". Shipka went on to note that the film contains all the excesses of Franco\'s filmmaking including \"stilted dialogue\" and \"scenes that stretch out for extra ordinary periods of time\"
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10,068,582 |
# Settsu-Motoyama Station
`{{nihongo|'''Settsu-Motoyama Station'''|摂津本山駅|settsu-motoyama-eki}}`{=mediawiki} is a passenger railway station located in Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).
## Lines
Settsu-Motoyama Station is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line (JR Kobe Line), and is located 578.5 kilometers from the terminus of the line at `{{STN|Tokyo|x}}`{=mediawiki} and 22.1 kilometers from `{{STN|Osaka|x}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The station consists of two island platforms connected by an elevated station building; however, only the inner tracks are used, with the outer tracks reserved for passing express trains. The station has a *Midori no Madoguchi* staffed ticket office.
### Platforms
## Adjacent stations {#adjacent_stations}
## History
Settsu-Motoyama Station opened on 25 December 1935. With the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan Railway Company.
Station numbering was introduced to the station in March 2018 with Settsu-Motoyama being assigned station number JR-A56.
## Passenger statistics {#passenger_statistics}
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 22,028 passengers daily
## Surrounding area {#surrounding_area}
- Konan University
- Okamoto Station (Hyōgo) - 4 minutes walk
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| 0 |
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# The Chronicle (Barton, Vermont)
***The Chronicle*** is a weekly newspaper published in Barton, Vermont. Circulation was 8,500 in 1998. The paper had 260 original subscribers in 1974 and this figure grew to 7500 by the time the paper was sold to a group of employees in 2015.
## History
*The Chronicle* was founded in 1974 by Chris and Ellen Braithwaite, and their partner, Edward Cowan, a Washington reporter with the *New York Times*. The paper was started with a \$500 investment by Cowan, who was a silent partner in the paper until 1977 when the Braithwaites became the only owners. The Barton Chronicle was initially published out of the Braithwaites\' farmhouse, which at the time relied exclusively on wood heat and had no running water. The paper moved to rented quarters on Upper Main Street in Barton in the spring of 1974, then into a farmhouse in West Glover the Braithwaites purchased in 1975 from the paper\'s star columnist, Loudon Young, for \$10,000. The paper gradually added staff and readers, and gradually became \"The Weekly Journal of Orleans County,\" which has a population of about 27,000 in Vermont\'s Northeast Kingdom. In 2015 the Braithwaites sold the newspaper to a group of its employees, who continue to publish it as a tabloid community newspaper.
## Online presence {#online_presence}
The Barton Chronicle has a website where some content is behind a paywall. The paper also has a presence on social media
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| 0 |
10,068,625 |
# Rod Jones (musician)
**Rodric Iwan Pryce Jones** (born 3 December 1976) is a British guitarist, singer and songwriter.
He is best known as a founding member of Scottish indie rock band Idlewild, with whom he has co-written and recorded six studio albums. Jones has released two solo albums and also currently fronts rock band The Birthday Suit. He is also a co-creator of the ongoing musical project, The Fruit Tree Foundation.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jones was born in Durban, South Africa and grew up in London and Leeds, England. His parents are classical musicians, English soprano Alison Jack and Welsh conductor John Pryce-Jones. Jones began playing music at four years of age and initially resisted the musical influence of his parents.
Jones\' first job was working as a kitchen porter at a Harry Ramsden\'s restaurant. The first piece of recorded music he purchased was the \"Do they know it\'s Christmas?\" single, by the Band Aid project.
## Musical career {#musical_career}
### Idlewild
Idlewild formed in Edinburgh, with the original line-up consisting of Jones, Roddy Woomble, Phil Scanlon and Colin Newton. Jones first met Newton and Woomble at an Edinburgh university, and the band proceeded to release seven albums and three compilations---two albums debuted in the UK \"Top 10\" chart, while twelve of Idlewild\'s singles ranked in the UK \"Top 40\" chart. Together with the band, Jones toured extensively, both in the UK and internationally, in headline and supporting roles; Idlewild toured with popular bands such as R.E.M., U2, The Rolling Stones, Pearl Jam and Coldplay. Following Idlewild\'s commitments for the band\'s seventh album, *Post Electric Blues* (released in October 2009), an \"indefinite hiatus\" was announced.
### Solo
Jones released his debut solo album, *A Sentimental Education*, in 2009. In a 2010 interview with *The List* website, Jones briefly explained the history of his inaugural solo effort: \"This album only started out as a hobby initially,' he says. \'I recorded the songs on my own and worked on them for about a year, until it got to the point that I thought what I was doing was actually OK.\" Music journalist, Chris Buckle, writing for the UK \"independent cultural\" media outlet, *The Skinny*, awarded the album two \"stars\" out of a possible total of five, stating that \"his \[Jones\] voice is passable but leaves little impression, which wouldn\'t be a problem if the songs imposed themselves more strongly.\"
Jones released his second solo album, *A Generation Innocence*, in August 2012; however, while writing for the second album, Jones encountered a hurdle at the halfway mark, as he discovered that he was not satisfied with any of the material that he had written thus far. In 2011, Jones explained, \"I was a bit fed up with the whole folk music thing -- I mean every man and his dog was doing the faux folk thing\"---Jones then proceeded to learn the drums and eventually formed the band, The Birthday Suit, to record the material that he had created in the period following the drumming diversion.
### The Fruit Tree Foundation {#the_fruit_tree_foundation}
In 2010, Jones founded The Fruit Tree Foundation \"mental health arts group\", alongside former Delgados guitarist and vocalist, Emma Pollock, and musician, Jill O\'Sullivan, in order to raise awareness of mental health issues. In an article promoting Jones\' participation in the Scottish Mental Health Arts and Film Festival (SMHAFF), the musician revealed that he had previously suffered depression and explained the importance of music as a support mechanism: \"It is such a universal art form. A positive force. It can really change your mood, both watching and playing \... There's such a loneliness and stigma associated with mental illness but music can really bring people together.\" Jones was a member of a music initiative, entitled \"Music Like A Vitamin\", that has appeared twice at the SMHAFF. As of October 2012, Jones was running community-based music therapy workshops in Edinburgh, Scotland.
### The Birthday Suit {#the_birthday_suit}
In late 2011, Jones formed The Birthday Suit and described the band as \"essentially a solo project \... It's an ever-changing bistro of musicians.\" The band released its debut album, *The Eleventh Hour*, in October 2011. Writing for the *PopMatters* website, David Bloom, critiqued the album in the following manner (Bloom rated the album \"6\" out of a possible 10):
> \... *The Eleventh Hour* plows along with a familiar intensity and melodic flavor, which should please most Idlewild fans, but also makes it suffer by comparison. Jones\' known strengths as a writer and guitarist work against him as a lead vocalist, as his limitations are put into sharpest relief against those songs that most resemble his work with Idlewild; it's hard to not hear Woomble's iconic delivery doing them greater justice.
The Birthday Suit\'s second studio album, *A Conversation Well Rehearsed* was released on 3 December 2012. The album was listed in 19th place in the *Clean Slate Music* website\'s \"Top 21 Albums of 2012\" list, although the website write that the second album \"doesn\'t carry the punch\" of the band\'s debut album.
### Collaborations
In 2000, Jones played second guitar for Graham Coxon on a UK solo tour that occurred in 2000.
Jones collaborated with Woomble on his solo album, *My Secret is My Silence*, released in 2006.
In 2006, Jones recorded a self-titled album with singer, Inara George, called *George is Jones*. The album was due for release in the autumn of 2006; however, the project has not been revived after a period of hiatus and has yet to be released. Jones notes that a release of the album is \"doubtful\", a situation that is due to \"too many problems surrounding it.\"
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Jones is married and the song, \"Me and Mrs Jones\", by Billy Paul, was played at his wedding
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| 0 |
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# Peter Clough
**Peter Michael Clough** (born 17 August 1956 in Sydney, New South Wales) was an Australian cricketer, who played for Tasmania and Western Australia.
He was a right-handed batsman and right arm fast-medium bowler who represented Tasmania from 1980 until 1984, and played for Western Australia until 1986. He was a useful bowler, who could be relied upon for Tasmania, at time when the struggling state side was trying to establish itself as a competitive team. In 1984, Clough took the best bowling figures for Tasmania in the Sheffield Shield, a record that stood until March 2022.
His gritty bowling performances for Tasmania in the dark period of the early 1980s saw him added as a member of the state\'s elite Cricket Hall of Fame
| 127 |
Peter Clough
| 0 |
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# Electoral district of Burrangong
**Burrangong** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It was named after Burrangong station, the first squatting run in the Young area and consisted of parts of the abolished districts of Boorowa, Grenfell and Young. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed along with Yass into Cootamundra
| 96 |
Electoral district of Burrangong
| 0 |
10,068,665 |
# Michael Audley
**Michael Audley** (June 20, 1913 -- October 3, 1995) was an American film and theatre director, actor, and dialogue advisor.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Audley began his career as a stage actor and director. In 1942, he directed Allan Kenward\'s *Cry Havoc*, a war drama in three acts, which premiered in Hollywood with a cast led by Victoria Faust and Anne Loos. The play was well reviewed and earned him a contract to direct for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Audley\'s first foray into directing for film was the 1945 short *The All-Star Bond Rally*, which was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in conjunction with Twentieth Century Fox. The film included many seminal entertainers of the era, including Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Betty Grable, June Haver, Linda Darnell, Vivian Blaine, Jeanne Crain, Faye Marlowe, Harpo Marx, Harry James and his band, and Jim Jordan and Marian Driscoll Jordan of *Fibber McGee and Molly*. His most notable film as a director is *The Mark of the Hawk* (1957) which starred Eartha Kitt and Sidney Poitier. He also assisted on *The Naked Maja* (1958).
As a film actor Audley portrayed Major Davis in the 1966 James Bond spoof *Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die*. He also appeared in several films set in Louisiana, including *French Quarter Undercover* (1985, as Major Sullivan), and *Shy People* (1987, as Louie) with actresses Barbara Hershey, Jill Clayburgh, and Martha Plimpton. On television he portrayed Uncle Jack Marshall in the 1987 CBS television film *A Gathering of Old Men* with Holly Hunter portraying his niece
| 267 |
Michael Audley
| 0 |
10,068,687 |
# Harmannsdorf
**Harmannsdorf** is a municipality of Korneuburg in Austria.
## Geography
It lies about 5 km north of Korneuburg in the Weinviertel in Lower Austria. About 27.59 percent of the municipality is forested.
It has seven subdivisions: Rückersdorf-Harmannsdorf, Hetzmannsdorf, Kleinrötz, Mollmannsdorf, Obergänserndorf, Seebarn, and Würnitz-Lerchenau;
## Gallery
`Rückersdorf (Harmannsdorf) - Kirche (2).JPG|Parish church of Rückersdorf`\
`Obergänserndorf - Kirche.JPG|Parish church of Obergänserndorf`\
`Kleinrötz - Kirche (2).JPG|Branch church of Kleinrötz`\
`Würnitz - Kirche (3).JPG|Parish church of Würnitz`\
`Schwedenhöhlen Rohrwald sl1
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10,068,703 |
# Hausleiten
**Hausleiten** is a town in the district of Korneuburg in Lower Austria in Austria.
## Geography
It lies in the Weinviertel in Lower Austria. About 14.26 percent of the municipality is forested
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# Global Airways (Turks and Caicos)
**Global Airways** is an Air Charter airline based at the Providenciales International Airport which is the main airport of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
## Destinations
Global Airways serves the following destinations:
- Grand Turk
- Middle Caicos
- North Caicos
- Pine Cay
- Providenciales \"Provo\"
- Salt Cay, Turks Islands
- South Caicos
The airline also offers charters to other Caribbean islands
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| 0 |
10,068,760 |
# Plasmodium fischeri
***Plasmodium fischeri*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Lacertamoeba*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. fischeri* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.
## Description
The parasite was first described by Ball and Pringle in 1965.
## Geographical occurrence {#geographical_occurrence}
This species is found in Kenya, Africa.
## Clinical features and host pathology {#clinical_features_and_host_pathology}
The only known host of this species is Fischer\'s or the Eastern Usambara chameleon (*Chamaeleo fischeri*). This host species is also known as *Chamaeleo excubitor*, *Bradypodion fischeri* and *Kinyongia fischeri*
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# Gobabeb
The **Gobabeb Namib Research Institute**, short: **Gobabeb**, is a centre for dry land training and research in Namibia. It is located in the Namib Desert, 120 km south-east of Walvis Bay.
Gobabeb was founded by the Austrian entomologist Charles Koch in 1962. Since 1998 Gobabeb has been a joint venture between the *Ministry of Environment and Tourism* (MET) and the *Desert Research Foundation Namibia* (DRFN). Gobabeb conducts research in the fields of climate, ecology and geomorphology. It also tests, demonstrates and promotes appropriate technologies. By conducting training courses, Gobabeb aims to improve the public awareness and knowledge of dry land ecology and environmental issues. The station consists of permanent researchers, students, and interns, as well as short time visitors such as school and university groups, and tourists. Gobabeb also hosts film crews, journalists and artists.
## Station
The Station is located 120 km south-east of Walvis Bay in Namibia\'s largest nature reserve, the Namib-Naukluft National Park. Gobabeb lies at the meeting point of three different ecosystems: the ephemeral Kuiseb River, the Sand Dunes Sea to the south and the gravel plains to the north. This offers an excellent diversity of environments in which to conduct research.
The station consists of the community research center, a library, laboratories, an office block, a meeting hall, the iconic water tower, staff houses and accommodations for visitors.
### Climate
As the station is located in the Namib desert, the climate is hyperarid with an average annual precipitation of 23.8 mm, about 65% during the summer months (December to May). In 2010/2011 an extreme rainfall of about 165 millimetres was measured during rainy season. With each average monthly temperature above 18 °C, in Köppen climate classification, the climate is considered as tropical. With an average annual temperature of 21.4 °C, the climate is nearly 6 °C warmer than at the temperate coast (15.5 °C at Walvis Bay). At about 400 m above sea level - given that Gobabeb is about 60 km from the coast - it is much less under the influence of the cold coastal ocean Benguela current than coastal areas such as Walvis Bay. A cold coastal ocean current cools the oceanic air. The latter being cooled, water vapour in that air may become liquid water. Therefore, clouds and particularly fogs may appear, hugely diminishing insolation and thus temperature. Thus cold ocean currents along western coasts of continents doubly cool these coasts : by their own cold and by the nebulosity (due to clouds including fogs and mists) they bring. For instance Walvis Bay has 140 days of fog per year while Gobabeb has \"only\" 94 days. Gobabeb\'s remoteness from the Atlantic explains why it is significantly warmer than the Namibian coast *(Walvis Bay average temperature is only 15.4 °C)* despite being at a greater altitude.
### Appropriate technology {#appropriate_technology}
`{{see also|appropriate technology}}`{=mediawiki}
The Gobabeb Namib Research Institute has been built as an example of appropriate technology, which shows how sustainable development can be achieved in daily life. It demonstrates techniques that are applicable at community and commercial/industrial levels. The following systems at Gobabeb are installed under the heading of appropriate technology:
- A solar-diesel hybrid energy system, consisting of 370 solar panels, 60 lead acid batteries and two diesel generators. Through this system, more than 90% of all energy used at Gobabeb, mainly for electricity and water heating, is provided by the sun.
- A water recycling system. All sewage water from the station goes into a trickling filter system and gets used again.
- Fog harvesting. With the help of different kinds of nets, fog water is harvested at Gobabeb. One net can gather up to 3.3 litres of water per square meter on a foggy night. This method might have practical application in the Topnaar settlements along the Kuiseb River.
- Appropriate buildings. New buildings are made of clay bricks which are made from silt of the Kuiseb River. The thick walls of these bricks are thermally ideal for the desert, being warm in winter and cool in summer.
- Waste management. All organic waste is fed to goats belonging to the Topnaar community. Recyclable waste like glass, metals, plastics and paper are taken to Walvis Bay where they are handed to recycling agencies linked to the Walvis Bay Municipality.
- Solar cooking. Gobabeb uses two different types of solar cookers, box cookers and a parabolic cooker, all of which do not require any electricity.
### Library
The Gobabeb Centre Library is built for researchers, students and staff, working in and around Gobabeb, as well being open to interested visitors. It provides access to information and works done in and around Gobabeb and in the Namib Desert. The library started in 1963 with its first in-house publications *Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station* by Gobabeb\'s first director Charles Koch. Since then the library has grown to house the most extensive collection on arid zone research in ecology and biology in sub-Saharan Africa. It is the leading information centre on the Namib Desert and also includes information on other deserts of the world. It houses 1780 books, 18,790 journal offprint publications, and 30 journal holdings. To offer easier access to the library for our users, Gobabeb is in the process of digitising information stored in the library.
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# Gobabeb
## Research
The overall goal of research at Gobabeb is to improve the understanding of arid land ecosystems, particularly their variability, with the focus on supporting well-trained specialists and decision-makers in southern Africa and the world. Gobabeb has been the locus of much of the basic research on Namib desert organisms and, more broadly, into the ecology of southern African deserts and arid land. Every year over 100 scientists visit Gobabeb to undertake research and in the past 50 years, over 1,900 publications have been produced at Gobabeb. As a result of such research, the worldwide knowledge about animals and plants coping with the extreme conditions of the desert has vastly improved.
The fields of research at Gobabeb include:
- Desert organisms and their biodiversity
- Arid land ecosystems and geo-processes
- Preventing desertification
- Climate and climate change
- Restoration ecology of degraded lands
- Appropriate technology
- Alternative livelihoods within the limits of arid environments
The results of this research contribute to many other projects. In particular, long term ecological monitoring of climate and biodiversity, which in some cases has been collected continuously for almost 50 years, represents a valuable contribution to global scientific knowledge. Additionally, research results from Gobabeb support the *Kuiseb Basin Management Committee* to undertake its integrated land and water management program. In 2010, the Namib Ecological Restoration and Monitoring Unit (NERMU) was established at Gobabeb to address the issue of expanding uranium mining and prospecting within the Namib desert. To date, NERMU has researched or is researching the impact of mining and prospecting on the Hartmann\'s Mountain Zebra, the Husab Sand Lizard, hypolithic cyanobacteria, and other organisms.
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# Gobabeb
## Training
Training is a primary function of the research institute. Over 1,000 learners come to Gobabeb each year and receive training.
Most of the participants are students from primary, secondary and tertiary school. However, farmers, private persons, community representatives and interested groups are also trained. The training is broad-based and concentrates on using participatory methods and hands-on approaches. The programs are provided by Gobabeb staff, visiting trainers and local, regional and international experts. Training is offered in the fields of community based natural resource management, arid land management, desertification, ecology and appropriate technology.
In addition to short training courses, Gobabeb has offered long-term tertiary training to over 180 students at the centre. The *Summer Desertification Programme* (SDP) ran from 1993 to 2005. Participants were presented with a real-life research problem concerning land degradation, and involving bio-physical and socio-economic factors.
Following the end of funding of SDP, the Gobabeb *In-Service Training Programme* (GIST) began in 2005 as a partnership between the Polytechnic of Namibia and Gobabeb. GIST research projects included one term of study (approximately 3-month) and covered a wide variety of topics related to the ecology of the Namib Desert. In 2009, the GIST Program transformed into the *Gobabeb Training and Research Internship Program* (GTRIP), opening the course to all Namibian university students and recent graduates. Since 2010, research in the GTRIP course has focused on restoration ecology in the Namib Desert, contributing to the goals of NERMU.
Gobabeb also hosts national and international interns and volunteers.
## History
Gobabeb was formerly a Topnaar community called *!Nomabeb*, which means *place of the figtree*. In 1958 the Austrian entomologist Dr. Charles Koch did an expedition in the Namib Desert, focusing on the large diversity of beetles found in the area. One year later the South African Transvaal Museum decided to found a research station in, what was at the time known as, South West Africa (today called Namibia). In 1962 the *Namib Desert Research Station* (*NDSR*) was founded, with Dr. Charles Koch appointed as the first director of the station. The government of South Africa, which controlled South West Africa, supported Gobabeb by giving the ground on leasehold for 50 years and financial support of R2,000 per year.
In 1963 the construction of the staff houses, laboratory, office block, garages and a small water tower was completed. In 1965 a partnership between Gobabeb and the *Council for Scientific and Industrial Research* (*CSIR*) led to the foundation of the *Desert Ecological Research Unit* (*DERU*). The partnership provided R25,000 for the station which was invested in additional buildings.
Five years later, in 1970, the director Dr. Charles Koch died and the biologist Dr. Mary Seely took over the directorship. In 1983, the first Open Weekend was held at Gobabeb, beginning a tradition that continues to this day. In 1989 the first course for Namibian university students in *Ecology Methods* was held at Gobabeb.
With the Independence of Namibia in 1990 the *DERU* became the *Desert Research Foundation of Namibia* (DRFN). The main seat of the DRFN moved to Windhoek, but the research station remained in Gobabeb. In March 1998 *Gobabeb Training and Research Center* (*GTRC*) was founded as a joint venture agreement between the *DRFN* and the *Ministry of Environment and Tourism* (*MET*). Additionally, the German *Ministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung* (*Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development*) has been a great supporter of GTRC.
Since the formation of the joint venture, Gobabeb has operated as a research, training and education centre. Researchers from all over the world study subjects including desertification, water procurement, and the adaption of animals and plants to the desert environment. In 2002, after 32 years directorship at Gobabeb, Dr. Mary Seely passed the position on to Dr. Joh Henschel. The new director arranged the building of several new accommodations for visitors as well as the building of the Community Resource -- Center at Gobabeb.
From 2002 to 2004 Gobabeb\'s energy system was overhauled as a part of the *Demonstration Project at Gobabeb of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency* (DeGREEE). In May 2005 Prime Minister Angula officially inaugurated the *Gobabeb Training and Research Center*. In March 2011 Joh Henschel resigned his position as director, ushering in a period of transition at Gobabeb lasting from March to August 2011, when the station\'s affairs were handled by a management committee and an overseer. In January 2013 Gillian Maggs-Kölling was appointed Executive Director of GTRC. In 2017, the name of the station was changed to Gobabeb Namib Research Institute, to reflect Maggs-Kölling\'s emphasis on restoring research as Gobabeb\'s primary mission
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# Randleman High School
**Randleman High School** is a public high school in Randleman, North Carolina It is a part of the Randolph County Schools system.
## Overview
Randleman High School is a high school in the Randolph County School District. The current campus was opened in 1974. In April 2024, the school board approved to build a new building for the school.
## Administration
- Principal -- Corey Phillips
- Assistant principals -- Jessi Green, Jonathan Lanier
## Athletics
Randleman\'s mascot is the Tiger. They play in the NCHSAA\'s 2A Piedmont Athletic Conference.
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Cross Country
- Football
- Golf
- Soccer
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Track and field
- Volleyball
- Wrestling
### Sporting achievements {#sporting_achievements}
The Tigers\' football team won 3 consecutive state 2A championships from 1981 to 1983. The 1983 team, led by All-State running back Tony Goss, finished in USA TODAY\'s final Top 25 poll.
Under head coach Jake Smith, the Tigers won the NCHSAA 2A state title in baseball in 2011, 2021, and 2022. They were also the 2A state runner-up in 2019
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# Denis Fogarty
**Denis Fogarty** (born 16 July 1983) is a former Irish rugby union player who played at hooker for Munster, Aurillac, Agen and Provence. He has also represented Ireland at schoolboy, U21 and \'A\' level. He was educated at Rockwell College. In May 2016, Fogarty was forced to retire from rugby after suffering a recurrence of a shoulder injury.
## Munster
Fogarty made his debut for Munster against The Borders in the Celtic League in November 2004. When Frankie Sheahan sustained an injury, Fogarty was called up onto the bench for Munster\'s 2006 Heineken Cup Final against Biarritz Olympique in May 2006. He was part of the Munster A team that won the 2011--12 British and Irish Cup. His last game for Munster was the away play-off semi-final against Ospreys on 11 May 2012, which Munster lost 45-10.
## Aurillac
It was announced on 25 April 2012 that Fogarty would be joining French Pro D2 side Stade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne, better known as Aurillac. Fogarty was named in the Pro D2 team of the season for 2012-13.
## Agen
Fogarty will join French Pro D2 side SU Agen Lot-et-Garonne, better known as Agen, on a two-year contract at the start of the 2013--14 season.
## Provence Rugby {#provence_rugby}
Fogarty currently`{{when|date=October 2021}}`{=mediawiki} played for French Pro D2 side Provence Rugby.
## Ireland
Fogarty first represented Ireland A in the 2008 Churchill Cup. He was part of the Ireland A team that won the 2009 Churchill Cup, defeating England Saxons 49-22 in the final. He also played for Ireland A against Tonga in November 2009
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# Perl OpenGL
**Perl OpenGL** (**POGL**) is a portable, compiled wrapper library that allows OpenGL to be used in the Perl programming language.
POGL provides support for most OpenGL 2.0 extensions, abstracts operating system specific proc handlers, and supports OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT), a simple cross-platform windowing interface.
POGL provides additional Perl-friendly application programming interfaces (API) for passing and returning strings and arrays.
The primary maintainer of Perl OpenGL is Chris Marshall. As of July 3, 2011, the [Perl OpenGL Project](http://sourceforge.net/projects/pogl/) on [SourceForge.net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/pogl/) was started and all development and module support going forward has moved there.
## Platform support {#platform_support}
- Microsoft Windows: NT-XP-Vista-7
- OS X: version Mac OS X v10.x only
- Linux: Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo
- FreeBSD
- Solaris
Confirmed with:
- nVidia (Quadro-110M,6600,6800,7300,7800,7950,8800)
- ATI (Radeon 9000/9200, FireGL)
- Cygwin/X Window System (Mesa)
## Interoperability
### Perl Data Language {#perl_data_language}
POGL is used as the OpenGL binding for the 3D graphics in the Perl Data Language (PDL).
### ImageMagick: image loading, modifying, saving {#imagemagick_image_loading_modifying_saving}
The POGL team has collaborated with the ImageMagick team to add PerlMagick APIs that allow GPUs and ImageMagick to share cache buffers via C pointers - optimizing performance for FBOs and VBOs - for use with loading and saving textures and GPGPU data transfer.
These APIs have been added to ImageMagick 6.3.5:
- Get(\'Scene\') - returns the number of scenes in an IM image.
- Get(\'Quantum\') - returns IM\'s cache depth.
- GetImagePixels() - returns a C pointer to IM\'s image cache.
- SyncImagePixels() - sync\'s IM\'s image cache after a write (for large/paged images).
### FFmpeg: video frame textures {#ffmpeg_video_frame_textures}
CPAN\'s FFmpeg module may be used with POGL and the above <File::Magick> APIs to map video to OpenGL textures.
## Performance
### Perl vs C {#perl_vs_c}
General Purpose graphics processing unit (GPU, GPGPU) processing is one area in which Perl can be compared with compiled languages in performance.
Based on their own benchmarks, Perl OpenGL developers claim that there are no significant performance differences between C and Perl (via POGL), when rendering a realtime 3D animated object with dynamically generated texturemaps.
They analyze their results by remarking that GPGPU vertex shaders can execute complex C-like code on large arrays of data, rarely touching the CPU.
### Perl vs Python {#perl_vs_python}
Perl OpenGL developers claim that POGL performs over 20% faster than Python.
## OpenGL objects {#opengl_objects}
POGL provides specialized objects that enhance Perl performance. POGL objects store data as typed C arrays, and pass data between APIs using C pointers - eliminating the need to copy/convert/cast when passing data between interfaces.
### OpenGL::Array (OGA) {#openglarray_oga}
OGAs store OpenGL data as typed C arrays. OGAs may be populated by C pointer, Perl packed arrays (strings) or Perl arrays. OGAs may be bound/mapped to VBOs to share data between the GPU and Perl. Accessor methods provide a means to get/set array elements by C pointer, packed arrays or Perl arrays.
### OpenGL::Image (OGI) {#openglimage_ogi}
POGL is a compiled module, and may be used in conjunction with compiled imaging modules (such as ImageMagick) for loading/saving data arrays (textures).
OGIs use OGAs to wrap image buffers from various imaging libraries. OGI simplifies loading/modifying/saving OpenGL textures, FBOs and VBOs.
OGI provides an extensible plug-in architecture to support new imaging libraries: OGI supports ImageMagick (v6.3.5 or newer), and by default Targa (uncompressed RGBA files).
OGI provides direct C pointer access to ImageMagick\'s image cache, resulting in performance improvement in transferring images/data between the GPU and IM.
### OpenGL::Shader (OGS) {#openglshader_ogs}
The OSG module abstracts OpenGL APIs for ARB (assembly), Cg and GLSL shading languages.
$shdr = new OpenGL::Shader();
my $ext = lc($shdr->GetType());
my $stat = $shdr->LoadFiles("fragment.$ext","vertex.$ext");
$shdr->Enable();
$Shader->SetVector('surfacecolor',1.0,0.5,0.0,1.0);
$Shader->SetMatrix('xform',$xform);
# Draw here
$shdr->Disable();
## Sample renderings {#sample_renderings}
<File:Pogl> blacklight.jpg\|Snap shot of a realtime animated blacklight shader.
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# Perl OpenGL
## Status
The latest CPAN release of the following POGL modules are
- OpenGL v0.66
- OpenGL-Image v1.03
- OpenGL-Shader v1.01
POGL provides access to most of the OpenGL APIs up to 1.2, and OpenGL extensions, such as Framebuffer Objects (FBO) and Vertex Buffer Objects (VBO)
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# Pisut Praesangeam
**Pisut Praesangeam** (*พิสุทธิ์ แพร่แสงเอี่ยม*, also Pisuth Praesaeng-Iam) is a Thai actor, film director, film producer and screenwriter. His films include *Bangkok Haunted* and *Thai Thief*
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