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[ { "sents": [ { "text": "One refers to a spike in a measurement, or a sharp rise (often followed by a fall that may not be as sharp, but is clear).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is because such measurements would be drawn with a moving needle on paper, or otherwise graphed after the fact, and the spike looks like, well, a spike.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus, in an adrenaline spike the level of adrenaline in a person's system has risen sharply, and may not be sustained.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We don't generally have ongoing measurement of things like that, but it means that if we did have that sort of ongoing measurement, the graph would show a visible spike.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An adrenaline dump is also a sharp rise in adrenaline, speaking figuratively as the adrenal glands \"dumping\" a load of adrenaline into your system all at once.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Both of those terms are 'correct', they are just looking at it from a different perspective.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you're really being a purist about the terminology, a spike shouldn't be sustained, whereas a dump might be.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In practice, they are used reasonably interchangeably, in my experience.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89137/SamBC", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The term comes from the appearance on a graph.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are four main spikes in the following picture.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "spike 6", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a : a pointed element in a graph or tracing https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spike", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21249/chasly - reinstate Monica", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Spike in this context means a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Adrenaline spike would indicate an increase in adrenaline production", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/90855/eefar", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "An adrenaline rush is when one experiences a sudden increase in the hormone adrenaline (also known as epinephrine ).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Apparently adrenaline dump has the same meaning, as I see from looking this up, though I’ve never heard dump used in this context.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I guess spike (or surge ) could be used as a synonym of one of those other words.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, as an American native speaker, the only one I’d say and that I think is most idiomatic is adrenaline rush .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, if you’re asking what this means, it’s a biological process in response to fear and/or excitement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You might get this feeling while riding on a roller coaster or while skydiving, for example.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89131/Mixolydian", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In practice, a spike in something really refers to any abrupt increase, even if the decrease afterwards is not abrupt.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The visual image definitely is a time-series plot where you would see a spike-like projection if there was a rapid increase and a rapid decrease afterwards.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But people are more concerned about the consequences of any rapid increase, so the term came to be used more broadly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you imagine a graph depicting the rate of change, rather than the level of the quantity, then an abrupt increase followed by a leveling off or a decline will always look like a spike.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But I am not sure people thought it through in that much detail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19148/Mark Foskey", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "An adrenaline dump is a sharp rise in adrenaline, speaking figuratively as the adrenal glands \"dumping\" a load of adrenaline into your system all at once. Adrenaline spike would indicate an increase in adrenaline production. Both of those terms are 'correct', they are just looking at it from a different perspective. ", "Spike is a sharp rise in the context of \"adrenaline spike\" and an adrenaline dump is also a sharp rise in adrenaline. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Spike is a sharp rise in the context of \"adrenaline spike\". An adrenaline dump is also a sharp rise in adrenaline. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Nope.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Fingers are only on the hand, except for figurative uses such as ladyfingers (a dessert).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you talk about the fingers on someone's foot, or a person with 20 fingers, unfortunately you'll just generate unsettling mental images.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": ":)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As smci points out, to refer to the ensemble, people will often say \"fingers and toes\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a so-called \" Siamese twin \" phrase: the two words love to be paired and the order can't be reversed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We do also have a single word that covers both fingers and toes: digits .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It registers as a somewhat technical term, likely something your doctor would write in a report about an injury.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think most people would understand it in other contexts anyway, though some speakers might not realize that it can apply to toes, probably because of the influence of \"finger\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Also, someone's \"digits\" is a way of referring to their phone number.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A third alternative is \"appendages\", which everyone will understand, but which is usually too broad (see comments below) and simply sounds funny when used of regular human body parts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/50807/Luke Sawczak", "score": 95 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Toes are not fingers.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The general term for fingers and toes is digits .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We have twenty digits: ten fingers and ten toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In French, the toes are called 'doigts de pied' ('fingers of the foot'), also 'orteils'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Doigt nom", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "masculin Chacune des parties libres et mobiles qui terminent la main de l'homme :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Compter sur ses doigts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Toe Digit Doigt (Larousse)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/46805/Michael Harvey", "score": 30 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No, the correct term to use in your case would be digits .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This means both fingers and toes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89698/Mike Brockington", "score": 16 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Heh.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is one particular case where you could do it, but it's pretty bizarre.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If a person loses his thumb, this will have major effects on the function of the hand as a whole.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thumbs are important .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In such cases, the preferred treatment is to transplant the big toe of the appropriate foot to substitute for the missing thumb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Big toes are not nearly as important to proper functioning of a foot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With time, the pad of the transplanted toe will shrink, and with use and therapy the toe joint will become more flexible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The result is not a perfect replacement, but it's much better than the alternative.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, you could talk about having 10 fingers when one of them is (or at least started out as) a toe.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You could even have two, if you're unfortunate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other than that, the other answers are spot on:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "English makes a clear distinction between fingers and toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21298/WhatRoughBeast", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Can I use fingers when referring to toes?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Would saying that a human has 20 fingers make sense, in English?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't believe there is any context in which this would be correct - not even some of the unusual ones suggested by other people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I agree that 20 digits is correct.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We could say, \"The typical human has ten fingers and toes.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21249/chasly - reinstate Monica", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You could refer to toes as fingers as a metaphor if you were describing someone with uncommon dexterity in their toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The crowd was amazed when the escape artist kicked off his shoes andhis newly exposed fingers untied the knot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you mean the toes themselves, then describing them as fingers would be wrong, and confusing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/54464/cmm", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have only used the word 'fingers' to refer to 'toes' when looking at some pre-Renaissance and Renaissance paintings where barefoot figures looked like they had fingers for toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1313/Xenson", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No \"fingers and toes\" is what we would say in everyday speech or writing (not \"digits\", which is more technical/precise).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(Yes, to be pedantic, \"finger\" is here referring to both fingers and thumbs", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": ") \"digits\" is the more technical/precise term, but you'd almost never hear that spoken, except when discussing anatomy.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5551/smci", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Humans have 10 fingers and 10 toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It would not be correct to say that we have 20 fingers or 20 toes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Fingers are only on our hands, and toes are only on our feet.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, a general word \"digits\" can be used to say that we have 20 digits altogether.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/44527/magnetar", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " Fingers are only on the hand, except for figurative uses such as ladyfingers (a dessert). However, we do also have a single word that covers both fingers and toes: digits. English makes a clear distinction between fingers and toes.", "Fingers and toes are not the same thing but digits is a word that can be used t encompass both. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Fingers and toes are not the same thing. Digits is a word that would encompass both. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Consider the sentence in two parts: 1.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "2.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or look at it in a conversation:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"We're now getting a lot of reports.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"Oh, really?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What do they say?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"There's trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the sentence, of is used to indicate the reports' subject matter.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Several different words could be used to express the same thing: Reports are now coming in of trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in about trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in concerning trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in in relation to trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in on the topic of trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reports are now coming in that say there is trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Syntactically, reports are not the same thing as trouble .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's like a bowl of ice cream .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The bowl contains ice cream, but the bowl isn't the ice cream.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can't just remove of (without replacing it with something else) and have the phrase make sense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/73781/Jason Bassford", "score": 25 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The role of \"of\" is clearer if you move \"are now coming in\" to the end of the sentence: Reports of trouble at yet another jail are now coming in.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, reduce the sentence to: Reports of trouble are coming in.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We have reports of trouble.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Of\" says what the reports are about.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can't remove it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Compare \"reports of trouble\" with \"pictures of boats\", \"sales of houses\", etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Without \"of\", \"Reports trouble are coming in\" doesn't work.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(You could say: \"Trouble reports are coming in\", although that wouldn't work with the longer description \"trouble at yet another jail\".)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4491/Boann", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I cannot parse this without \"of\", as the noun phrase \"trouble at yet another jail\" has nothing to give it a grammatical role in the sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With \"of\", this indicates the particular meaning of the noun report which takes a complement with \"of\": a message that something has occurred or been witnessed, without necessarily having any more detail.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is distinct from the meaning of report when followed by \"about\" or \"concerning\", which usually implies a degree of detail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1780/Colin Fine", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No answers that define what \"Reports are now coming in trouble at yet another jail\" means: I get the sense that we have some naughty reports that are assaulting more jails or the reports", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "are not having much success at attacking jails.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(The jails are fighting back?)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This shift is by taking \"in trouble\" from the \"coming in\" verb phrase.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since \"at\" appears after \"in trouble\", you get the new \"coming at\" verb phrase, which basically means fighting or brawling.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"In trouble\" can either mean one has been caught and will be punished or some issue has come up and failure is becoming more likely.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/88984/IMarvinTPA", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Reports are now coming in of trouble at yet another jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The standard order here would be: Reports of trouble at yet another jail are now coming in.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In newspeak, reports of trouble, reports of rioting, reports of [whatever] are common usages.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "at yet another", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "just means: there is", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "has already been reports of trouble at one jail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is the second.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yet another child almost drowned at the lake.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[there was already one]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This sounds like a reporter speaking live, and that sometimes causes unusual word order.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But it is not wrong for speech.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/33113/Lambie", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "In the sentence, of is used to indicate the reports' subject matter. Without \"of\", \"Reports trouble are coming in\" doesn't work. The standard order here would be: Reports of trouble at yet another jail are now coming in. In newspeak, reports of trouble, reports of rioting, reports of [whatever] are common usages. ", "The sentence doesn’t make any sense without \"of\" since \"of\" explains what the reports are about. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The sentence doesn’t make any sense without \"of\". \"Of\" explains what the reports are about. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Wiktionary defines the expression plug out as Irish: (Ireland, transitive, colloquial)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To unplug; to remove (an electrical device) from its socket. From The Daily Edge : 13 words you'll never hear outside of Ireland... Another uniquely Irish phrase is 'to plug out' as in ' plug out the telly'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/29952/user070221", "score": 56 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In America, we use the term \"unplug\", not \"plug out\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/92728/Kyle Mccoy", "score": 34 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Here in South Africa, we say \"plug out\" too.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I am not sure if this is based on the historical European influence, or that in Afrikaans \"uit prop\" translates to \"plug out\" really...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Afrikaans, the words make sense -", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I can see how it gets a little non-descriptive in English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It sounds like \"rock out\" (even though not really great form in my opinion either), so \"plug out\" tends to convey a slangy feel to me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nevertheless, we do use it commonly here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/92751/Marlon van der Linde", "score": 25 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I work in north eastern Ohio, in a community of Amish people, where the first language is Dutch (not European Dutch - this would be Pennsylvania Dutch, or a regional dialect thereof).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here, I never hear native dutch speakers say \"unplug.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" It's always \"plug out.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There are relatively few idioms that are unique to this area, but this is one of those that stood out starkly to me, as I'd never heard this term prior to working in this area.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/92762/snomsnomsnom", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I am from a community in New York speaking English and Yiddish and I can definitely hear myself say \"plug out\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I believe this happens because we tend to express things in English the same way we would in express it in Yiddish.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are many more examples where we do it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yiddish is also somewhat derived from German.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/83360/isaace", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I came across this phrasing in a Supermicro server's IPMI Virtual Media interface.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It looks like this: The plug in/out buttons could easily say \"connect/disconnect\" and have exactly the same meaning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Company is based in California, USA, but I do not know where their IPMI interface coders are located.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/25327/Criggie", "score": 9 } } ]

[ [ "In America, we use the term \"unplug\", not \"plug out\" However, I am from a community in New York speaking English and Yiddish and I can definitely hear myself say \"plug out\". ", "The term \"plug out\" is used in New York and South Africa and in some industry but \"unplug\" in America is more generic." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The term \"plug out\" is used in New York and South Africa and in some industry but \"unplug\" in America is more generic." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The word you're looking for is probably eavesdrop : Secretly listen to a conversation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "‘my father eavesdropped on my phone calls’ (source: Oxford Dictionaries ) @Zikato reminded me of this scene from The Fellowship of the Ring where Sam is caught eavesdropping (around 2:45) on a secret conversation between Gandalf and Frodo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18673/Glorfindel", "score": 91 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While I think eavesdrop is probably your best choice, spy would also be an appropriate descriptor for the action of stealthily listening though it does include all kinds of observation, so watching (", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and I suppose smelling?)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Observe (someone) furtively.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Source: Oxford Dictionary )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4887/aslum", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can use to listen in .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It can be used either without an object, or with one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In that case, you listen in on something.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Definition and examples from the Oxford dictionary : listen in Listen to a private conversation, especially secretly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Seth listened in as his father chatted philosophy with friends", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I hurried him into my room and shut the door behind us; I didn't want any eavesdroppers listening in on our conversation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "At this point, I decided to stop listening in on their private conversation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/30156/Fabio says Reinstate Monica", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This is more of a visual, (perhaps even nasal ), term, but it doesn't rule out listening: snoop intransitive verb : to look or pry especially in a sneaking or meddlesome manner", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "She locks up her diary to keep her brother from snooping. -- MW", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/36151/agc", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A word that means \"listening to someone or a group of people without having him/them know\" but not \"listening stealthily\" is overhear Hear (someone or something) without meaning to or without the knowledge of the speaker.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "‘I overheard two doctors discussing my case.’", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(source: usage from collins and definition from oxford )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/62104/Hazkaz", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I agree that eavesdrop is a good word for this.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "An alternative synonym is earwig Oxford Dictionaries definition British informal Secretly listen to a conversation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "‘he looked behind him to see if anyone was earwigging’", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1430/uɐɪ", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In this case ‘spy’ could do as well, though that indicates more than just listening, it’s more ‘observing stealthily’", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/51836/patrick", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "The word you're looking for is probably eavesdrop : Secretly listen to a conversation. An alternative synonym is earwig Oxford Dictionaries definition British informal Secretly listen to a conversation. ", "The following can be used for \"listening stealthily\": \"eavesdropping\", \"listening in\", \"earwigging\", \"spying\", \"overhearing\" and \"snooping\". " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following can be used for \"listening stealthily\": \"eavesdropping\", \"listening in\", \"earwigging\", \"spying\", \"overhearing\" and \"snooping\". " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I think ' stocker ' is a common term for this in the US, though it may have declined with the rise of more business speak terms.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5565/Mark Rogers", "score": 45 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In the UK I have heard and seen shelf-stacker or sometimes shelf filler to describe this role.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Someone whose job is to put goods on the shelves in a supermarket - Cambridge Dictionary A person whose job is to fill the shelves and displays in a supermarket or other shop with goods for sale - Collins", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dictionary A person whose job is to fill the shelves and displays in a supermarket or other shop with goods for sale - Dictionary.com Similar definitions are also in", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Free Dictionary Some companies or staff (rightly or wrongly) may want to overstate a job title, a job advertised as a merchandiser or product placement specialist (another actual, but different job role) may attract more applicants than advertising for a shelf-stacker ; also an employee needing to ‘enhance’ their cv.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So you are correct that merchandiser is the wrong term.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/80557/Christopher", "score": 41 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In my state (MA) in the US, they call it a \"stock boy\" .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/90471/Kaique", "score": 26 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In a lot of companies in the US, this job is called \" stock associate .\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The responsibilities can include receiving shipments, stocking items in warehouses or on sales-floors, and assisting customers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other possible terms are \"store clerk\" and \"salesclerk.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/86006/Katy", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Stock clerk is a term I have often heard and seen.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's widely used in job descriptions and job search sites, though Stock Associate has become more popular in recent years.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/11195/barbecue", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "shelf-stacker would be term used in the UK, Australia and New Zealand.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A merchandiser works for the manufacturer or supplier of a product and visits stores to set up the shelves and/or in-store displays.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/91638/user91638", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To add on to the other answers ( stock clerk, stocker, stock associate, store clerk, sales clerk , etc.): In some libraries, this job is literally called a shelver (although \"re-shelver\" might be more accurate).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/42184/Andrew", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The general terms given here are all applicable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You asked specifically about grocery stores and when I was in the grocery business we called them \"grocery clerks.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\" We called the group who did this work the \"grocery crew\" or \"grocery\" for short.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This was to distinguish them from the produce, bakery, meat and front-end (cashiers and administrative workers) crews.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Grocery crews had responsibility for making sure the non-perishable goods were well stocked and properly rotated (newer products went to the back of the shelf and worked their way forward).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The perishable products were handled by crews that specialized in that particular product which sometimes had a specialized skill; meat cutter for the meat department or baker for the bakery, as examples.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Different geographic areas and different companies had some slight variations in the naming of the position and some of those variations included the more generic title seen in other answers, such as stocker.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/94512/Dave D", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I used to do this as a job in Australia, our official title was 'Fill Associate' (as we filled the shelves) and we were more colloquially referred to as 'Fillers' or just 'Fill'", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/93508/chris williams", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would say stock boy or stock person.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(There seems to be regional variation in this, I am in the North-east U.S. if that helps.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/34930/Alsee", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I've been called a \"Merchandiser\" by the large box store where I used to work.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Other people have left reviews for this position", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/22524/Nelson", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In french we use the word \"magasinier\", which can be translated to \"storekeeper\" or \"warehouseman\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I think a storekeeper has a interactions with the customer (such as advising) and manages other aspects of the shop such as the cash register.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He actually keeps the shop, so it may not be what you are looking for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the other hand, warehouseman induces the idea of a large scale of merchandise, so your choice depends on the context.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/90978/Pierre Saillard", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I don't know about the UK, but in America we call them Stocker/Sales Associate: person who \"stocks shelvesVendor: someone from outside of the store who sells the products and maintains the needs of the product/company.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/92728/Kyle Mccoy", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " I think ' stocker ' is a common term for this in the US, though it may have declined with the rise of more business speak terms. In the UK I have heard and seen shelf-stacker or sometimes shelf filler to describe this role. Different geographic areas and different companies had some slight variations in the naming of the position and some of those variations included the more generic title seen in other answers, such as stocker. ", "The following options are possibilities: \"stocker\", \"shelf-stacker\", \"shelf-filler\", \"stock boy\", \"stock associate\", \"store clerk\", \"salesclerk\", \"stock clerk\", \"shelver\", \"re-shelver\", \"grocery clerks\", \"filler\", \"fill associate\", \"stock person\", \"magasinier\", \"storekeeper\", \"warehouseman\" and \"sales associate\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following options are possibilities: \"stocker\", \"shelf-stacker\", \"shelf-filler\", \"stock boy\", \"stock associate\", \"store clerk\", \"salesclerk\", \"stock clerk\", \"shelver\", \"re-shelver\", \"grocery clerks\", \"filler\", \"fill associate\", \"stock person\", \"magasinier\", \"storekeeper\", \"warehouseman\" and \"sales associate\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "This is a special usage of the word \"the\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is listed in the MacMillan Dictionary under definition #2 as follows, \"used before a singular noun when making a general statement about people or things of a particular type\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They give two examples:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The average university student is not very interested in politics.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "People have come to depend on the car as their only means of transport.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Used in this way, \"the + singular noun\" means basically the same thing as that same noun pluralized: the cow", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "= cows the English garden =", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "English gardens", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the computer", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "= computers", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This construction is very common in titles and introductory sentences within paragraphs and chapters because it has a certain air of scholarliness about it that the simple plural form just doesn't convey.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/40154/Lorel C.", "score": 40 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's a difference between the abstract and the concrete.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Adding \"the\" before a noun this way changes the meaning, from actual instances of the concept to the concept itself .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Other answers have stated correctly that semantically the two are equivalent but one just \"sounds\" more formal or more academic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's true, but I believe the reason is that \"the cow\" refers to the concept of cows, whereas \"cows\" refers more directly to, well, actual cows; and speaking at the conceptual level is common in scholarly writing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9730/Jenn D.", "score": 21 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The cow is a common way of referring to a species, as well as just a specific individual cow.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Cows refers to all of them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's slightly more formal to write of \"the cow\" than \"cows\", and is normally preferred in an essay.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/93471/jonathanjo", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A cow is a useful domestic animal. is semantically equivalent to: Cows are useful domestic animals.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "ANDThe cow is a useful domestic animal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Usually, the use with the is more academic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In everyday language, we tend to use the plural.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, in fact, any of them could be used in a title.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/33113/Lambie", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You have only recognised three meanings for the grammatical forms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are at least six: Introduce into context a cow - used to introduce a single cow into context cows - used to introduce multiple cows into context", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Cows were grazing by the side of the road.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A cow wandered off.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Refer to existing context", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the cow - a single cow already in context the cows - multiple cows already in context", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The cow wandered into town.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other cows returned to the farm.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Refer to entire species", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the cow - the species known as \"cow\" cows -", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "all individuals of the species \"cow\" The cow is a bovine.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Cows are large animals.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Both the original and your sentence are correct to refer to the entire species: The cow is a very useful domestic animal .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Cows are very useful domestic animals .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9936/CJ Dennis", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "This construction is very common in titles and introductory sentences within paragraphs and chapters because it has a certain air of scholarliness about it that the simple plural form just doesn't convey It's a difference between the abstract and the concrete. It's slightly more formal to write of \"the cow\" than \"cows\", and is normally preferred in an essay, The cow is a common way of referring to a species, as well as just a specific individual cow. In fact, any of them could be used in a title.", "Any of these terms can be used in a title. However, \"The Cow\" is a more formal title than \"Cows\" and is preferred in an academic essay. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Any of these terms can be used in a title. \"The Cow\" is a more formal title than \"Cows\" and is preferred in an academic essay. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "While you can do things with good manners, it is rare to direct someone to do so in imperatives.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Unless addressing children, it is not required to remind people to be polite— a person with good upbringing has good manners out of habit; an poorly raised person cannot tell the difference, anyway.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This may reflect a difference of cultural perception, but I think more likely that it is simply a poor translation from Japanese.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A search on \"smoke with good manners\" mostly returns results from Japan.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Considerate would be the more idiomatic adjective to use to remind people to think of others, so a similar campaign in an English-speaking city might be", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "please be a considerate smoker or please be considerate when smoking , phrasings which are common in such signs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When speaking generally of politeness, consideration, and other positive social behavior, good manners are something you have , not something you do (as with one's habits or one's nature ).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Someone with good manners may be said to be well-mannered , and someone without good manners is ill-mannered ; it is more usually expressed that someone has good manners, than that they do something with good manners.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21/choster", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In Japan, there are many odd (and sometimes unintentionally hilarious) signs with translations of Japanese phrases into English.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a good example, as \"please smoke with good manners\" is not at all idiomatic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A more idiomatic version might be:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please be considerate of others when smoking in the area surrounded by planters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "or Please be courteous when smoking in the area surrounded by planters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Side note:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One of the funniest \"Japlish\" signs I ever saw was from a train station, which advised passengers: Please do not run into the train.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Good advice to be sure, but more likely they meant to say Please to not run onto the train.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please do not run to get on board the train Logically, \"into\" makes sense, but unfortunately the phrasal verb \"run into\" something means \"collide with\", usually \"head-on\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suspect most people know it's not a good idea to run into trains.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Edit)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For general interest: A direct translation from the Japanese マナーを守って (mana o mamotte) would be:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please mind your manners", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "when ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However this is somewhat too strong for a public sign, as it's the kind of thing parents might say their children, or a teacher to her students.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now children, be sure to mind your manners when we are at the museum, otherwise they won't allow us to come back.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A more nuanced translation would be \"be courteous\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/42184/Andrew", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is not uncommon to see \"with good manners\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example see Google and Google Books .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can learn good manners, practice good manners, or keep good manners.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/61125/Eddie Kal", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A Japanese speaker might offer a better phrased translation, but this doesn’t seem too bad.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One can use good manners in other actions.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A smoker can be mindful of those nearby and carefully dispose of the remains.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That would seem to be good manners.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As others noted, “be considerate” would be how one would word this in English, typically.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/516/JTP - Apologise to Monica", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A native Japanese.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We are so embarrassed that our English literacy is so low despite the mandatory English study span", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "is 6 years in the shortest.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, a guidance of a community bus of one of the wealthiest district of a prefecture says, Abide by Low .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "O.K.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can we abide by Low , man!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Correct it to Law right now!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But towards 2020 Tokyo Olympic, the English guidance or announcements are getting improved gradually, but especially in rural areas, there are still many signs with strange English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, Please notify the train crews if you find unclaimed and suspicious objects or persons", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Okay, so if I find someone whose behavior seems to be strange, am I obliged to call the crews?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "F::k", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "my country's English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hahahaha, An another odd guidance from one of the wealthiest districts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Many native English speakers live here.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "PLEASE STAND AT SEAT AFTER STOPPING.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So do we need to stand up at the seat every time bus stops?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Did the guidance try to mean \"Please stand up from your seat after the bus stops\"?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Oh..my lovely country always full of harmless and innocent but stupid instruction everywhere lol.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Found today)Did the guidance try to mean \"Please stand up from your seat after the bus stops\"?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Oh..my lovely country always full of harmless and innocent but stupid instruction everywhere lol.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Found today) Hahaha, here is an another shot from a Tokyo metropolitan subway.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As the Tokyo Olmpic gets closer, the \"announcement\" in English is getting improved in rapid pace.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the banner of the central Tokyo subway is still behind the schedule?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even though it looks they are appointing the \"professional\" English speakers?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Enjoy Tokyo with Good Manners!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/17814/Kentaro", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Alternatively, keeping \"manners\" in the title, it could be phrased as: Practice good manners while smoking in the area surrounded by planters.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Although \"courteous\" is what they're trying for with that translation, it is understandable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/94766/SentientFlesh", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "When speaking generally of politeness, consideration, and other positive social behavior, good manners are something you have , not something you do (as with one's habits or one's nature ). This may reflect a difference of cultural perception, but I think more likely that it is simply a poor translation from Japanese.", "This is a poor translation from Japanese and while it is not uncommon to see \"with good manners\" the use of \"courteous\" would be more appropriate. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "This is a poor translation from Japanese and while it is not uncommon to see \"with good manners\" the use of \"courteous\" would be more appropriate. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "There are 2 ways to express the country of birth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "born as a(n)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[American, Canadian...] rewritten as: [American, Canadian...]-born born in [America, Canada...]", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is similar with the pattern: (adjective)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "- (\"past participle\" of a noun) e.g.: short-sleeved = with a short sleeve fast-paced =", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "with a fast pace Compare with: (adjective) - (past participle) American-born = born in America", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89027/virolino", "score": 16 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"American-born\" means that someone was an American citizen from birth.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It doesn't necessarily mean they were physically \"Born in the USA.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"America-born\" does mean they were physically born in the USA.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For most countries, that does not necessarily mean they are a citizen of the country where they were born, but the USA is an exception to that general rule, because of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note: there are a few exceptions to the US \"citizenship by birthright\" rule, such as children of foreign diplomats working at embassies in the USA who are not born inside the embassy itself (which does not count as \"US territory\")", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but in a hospital which is in US territory.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19004/alephzero", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"American-born\" is the common phrase.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Firstly, it's best to think of it as as a set phrase that refers to citizenship, rather than country of birth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While you might be understood if you say \"America-born,\" the phrase will sound odd to a native speaker, and most people will simply assume that you meant to say \"American-born\" and attribute it to a fluency error.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Secondly, a searchable term for the second part of compound words like American-born is a hyphenated suffix .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hyphens have several uses, one of which is to connect modifying words, especially when needed to clarify or separate words that could be parsed incorrectly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, consider the sentence fragments below: American born abroad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Someone who is currently an American citizen but who was born outside the USA.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They may or may not have been an American citizen at birth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "American-born abroad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A person (or people, plural; the fragment is ambiguous without context) currently living or traveling outside the United States.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This person was an American citizen at birth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In practical usage, the hyphen here syntactically allows the grammatical but non-colloquial phrase born as an American to be converted from a verb plus modifying clause into a single compound word.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In either case, American is actually eliding \"American citizen.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Therefore, a native speaker would generally understand American-born to mean \"born (as) an American citizen.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because English is a satellite-framing language , phrases that denote motion or manner often require or imply a preposition or prepositional phrase.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it helps, you can think of American-born as meaning \"born into American citizenship.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"America-born\" is not a common phrase.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "While probably grammatical for certain usages, the phrase \"America-born\" is simply not one that you are likely to hear or read .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you wanted to say that a non-US citizen was born in the USA, you would say something like", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A <nationality> born in the US.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The nationality would generally be expressed as an adjective like Chinese, Canadian, or Dutch (implying the noun citizen ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are some exceptions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, you're more likely to hear \"An Irishman/Scotsman born in the US\" than something more contorted like \"An Irish UK citizen born in the USA.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nevertheless, such phrases are still generally understood to reflect citizenship rather than cultural or racial identity.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When talking about identity, the phrase is generally <adjective>-American such as Irish-American, African-American, and so forth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/25285/CodeGnome", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You'd best regard it as an idiom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is no logical reason why you shouldn't say \"America born\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": ": it's exactly parallel to \"factory made\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We just don't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1780/Colin Fine", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Perhaps there is a distinction between country of birth and citizenship at birth?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "To be honest, I think it's ambiguous: I would avoid describing myself as British-born or German-born (I was born in Germany with British citizenship) because I don't think it would communicate clearly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But I would tend to assume in the absence of clarification that \"British-born\" refers to citizenship, not to geography: I was born British in Germany.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95723/Michael Kay", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In comparison to another phrase mentioned; another factor to consider: \"factory\" is not a proper noun, but a common one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other side, \"America\" is a proper noun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The country in question is always a proper name as well, and in English, proper names cannot be modified by an article or other determinants.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nor do they modify other words.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This carries over, in that we also say \"American made\" or \"French made\", rather than \"America made\" or \"France made\" when referring to the manufacture of items.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We would say \"France made a mistake\" to refer to the government of France doing something, but not \"France-made clothing\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other difference is that in \"France made a mistake\" it is a noun + action structure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "By understanding them as proper names it should become clear that the supposed alternative phrases must be ungrammatical.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The word \"America\" refers to the country itself, while \"American\" refers to being of or related to the country called \"America\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Proper names are simply not adjectives or modifiers - they refer to a specific thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The prase \"factory made\" uses a common noun, which can be used in this way because it isn't a specific reference.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One exception here is that you might say \"Dearborne made\", but this exception exists because there is no general referential term meaning \"from, of, or related to Dearborne\";", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ie.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "China ->", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Chinese, France ->", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "French, Dearborne ->", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "____.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95780/The Real Bill", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ " \"American-born\" means that someone was an American citizen from birth and is the common phrase. While you might be understood if you say \"America-born,\" the phrase will sound odd to a native speaker, and most people will simply assume that you meant to say \"American-born\" and attribute it to a fluency error. While probably grammatical for certain usages, the phrase \"America-born\" is simply not one that you are likely to hear or read . ", "American-born is more common and America-born would suggest the person was physically born in the US while American-born means the person was a US citizen from birth. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "American-born is more common. America-born would suggest the person was physically born in the US while American-born means the person was a US citizen from birth. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I suggest \"having the upper hand\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Oxford defines this as: have (or gain)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the upper hand ( phrase ) Have or gain advantage or control over someone or something. and provides this example sentence: Just when Claudius thinks he controls Hamlet, it is really Hamlet who has the upper hand over Claudius .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95769/Thomas Hirsch", "score": 76 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"To hold all the aces\" means having overwhelming advantage, the metaphor coming from bridge or pretty much any card game.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Re a previous contribution: \"an ace up one's sleeve\" means more of having a secret weapon rather then being in an advantageous situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95767/Sam G", "score": 34 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To \"have {someone} over a barrel\" is such an idiom.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You might also want to look at idioms for the weaker side's negotiating position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These often involve two bad choices.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, \"between a rock and a hard place\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9100/Jasper", "score": 22 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another possible choice is \"in the driver's seat\", meaning that the person so described is able to direct the outcome.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Collins says: in the driver's seat ( phrase ) If you say that someone is in the driver's seat, you mean that they are in control in a situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now he knows he's in the driver's seat and can wait for a better deal .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95774/SoronelHaetir", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A colorful phrase is in the catbird seat , defined as \"in a superior or advantageous position\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A vulgar alternative is mentioned in this question .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/57779/nanoman", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you want to use a rather informal idiom that has had some recent usage, you could use I have the high ground Referring to the military advantage you get from an elevated position, from having the high ground .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This has recently been used in a scene from Star wars Episode III , in which Obi Wan asks Anakin Skywalker to give up, as he has a superior fighting position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source: Urban dictionary google ngram viewer suggests, that this has been around for a while, at least in writing (which is hardly surprising, as user rubenvb suggested - thanks for that)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/63701/glissi", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you are able to determine who is selling product to whom, and who is most capable of setting the price at which goods are traded, then you can refer to it as either a buyer's market or a seller's market .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This refers to who has the upper hand in negotiations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a seller's market, this means that you (the seller) are only one of few vendors of a given product, and the customers' demands are high enough that you know you'll always sell your good, and therefore are able to charge whatever you want.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even if some customers are unwilling to pay your price, there will be enough customers/demand that you will sell your products.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If I charge $1000 per glass of water, and I put my stand in the Sahara desert, then I do so because I know that water is a seller's market in the otherwise dry desert.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Customers will have to buy from me and they have no position to refuse my price if they need the water.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a buyer's market, there are a lot of vendors of the same product, and there is not much demand for the product.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If a customer does not buy your product, they will go to another vendor, leaving you with unsold products.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that the buyer can dictate what they will buy and what they won't buy, and sellers are racing each other in order to steal each other's business.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If a buyer is more inclined to buy from an airconditioned shop, that means that in a buyer's market, the sellers are strongly incentivized to aircondition their shops just to ensure that they can get the customers they need.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Think of it as two market vendors who keep having to lower their prices just to make sure that the customers come to them instead of their competitor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/22884/Flater", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Leverage", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While not necessarily an idiom, “", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "having/holding leverage ” is a good description of negotiations where one side has more power or advantage than another.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/25285/CodeGnome", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you are in a stronger position in a negotiation, consider the idiom: have an ace up your sleeve", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: I'm well prepared for the negotiations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I've got an ace up my sleeve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Learn English Today", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "negotiation idioms", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/3223/Lucian Sava", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "heheh, Australian chiming in.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We* have an expression:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To have him by the short and curlies .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Collins states: to have someone completely in one's power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll leave it to you to work out what 'short & curlies' are, but as a hint, it refers to hair.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Though it's origin is probably from the UK", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89/mcalex", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Quite simply, to \"have the advantage\", as in They have the advantage in the negotiations", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is distinct from \"have an advantage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" Having an advantage means you have some sort of asset or quality which will help you.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Having the advantage means you are already in control of the situation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24591/Artelius", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " I suggest \"having the upper hand\". Having/holding leverage ” is a good description of negotiations where one side has more power or advantage than another. Alternatively, having the advantage means you are already in control of the situation.", "“Having the upper hand\", \"holding all the aces, \"having the advantage\" \"having someone by the short and curlies\", \"having an ace up your sleeve\", \"having/holding leverage\", \"being in the driver’s seat\", \"having someone over a barrel\", \"having the high ground\" and \"being in a superior or advantageous position\" are all possibilities." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“Having the upper hand\", \"holding all the aces, \"having the advantage\" \"having someone by the short and curlies\", \"having an ace up your sleeve\", \"having/holding leverage\", \"being in the driver’s seat\", \"having someone over a barrel\", \"having the high ground\" and \"being in a superior or advantageous position\" are all possibilities." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Vegetable base doesn't work in this context.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You would use vegetable base to mean that some product comprised mainly vegetables as in: Our soup has a vegetable base.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your options are several.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Supermarkets store fruits and vegetables in refrigerated warehouses.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Individual sections of these warehouses are referred to as storerooms (or sometimes as cool-rooms if kept at low temperature).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Such storage centres may be referred to as depots or distribution centres although these words are used for any base away from the hypermarkets/supermarkets they serve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Farmers keep products in barns (which are big) or sheds (which are small) prior to dispatch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Products stored in rooms underground are kept in cellars.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "People keep fruit and vegetables in their pantries unless they need to be kept cool in refrigerators or frozen in freezers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the short answer to your question is either warehouses (which are large and may be refrigerated) or storerooms (which are relatively small).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/41356/Ronald Sole", "score": 45 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The term \"Vegetable Base\" would be construed to describe a food where a vegetable is the primary constituent - such as a \"Vegetable Based Soup Stock\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"Vegetable Base\" would be the vegetable component, and would usually (although not always) be a concentrate of some sort.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "You're referring to a \"cold storage facility\", in this case, specifically for vegetables, although the same terminology is used for storing processed and semi-processed meat animals (eg sides of beef, etc.).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Hope this helps!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95823/Lassen Forge", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The terms packing house or packhouse describe a structure similar to what you are looking for.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A packing house is a facility where fruit is received and processed prior to distribution to market.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(Source: Wikipedia )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some sources refer specifically to fruit packing or alternatively for meat processing (where is is also called a slaughterhouse ), while others (e.g. see Wiktionary entry ) include other kinds of produce as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wikipedia has a list packing houses in the United States , and most of them have \"packing house\" as part of the name.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This seems to indicate ithat the term is established in the food industry.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/27840/laugh salutes Monica C", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Wikipedia uses the generic term \"produce distribution centre\" .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Produce\" is a common and highly standardized term for unprocessed fruits and vegetables on their way to retail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here in Ontario we have installations called \"food terminals\", where produce is sold at wholesale to buyers working for restaurants and markets.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But \"produce distribution center\" is probably the better generic option.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With \"warehouse\" the emphasis is on storage, possibly long-term (which would not be the case for produce) and also does not convey the multi-buyer wholesale distribution aspect.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/46904/CCTO", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While not vegetables, grain is stored in a granary .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66767/nick012000", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " Wikipedia uses the generic term \"produce distribution centre\" . Wikipedia uses the generic term \"produce distribution centre\" . The terms packing house or packhouse describe a structure similar to what you are looking for. You're referring to a \"cold storage facility\", in this case, specifically for vegetables, although the same terminology is used for storing processed and semi-processed meat animals (eg sides of beef, etc.). The term \"Vegetable Base\" would be construed to describe a food where a vegetable is the primary constituent - such as a \"Vegetable Based Soup Stock", "\"Vegetable base\" is incorrect in this context. However, \"packing house\", \"food terminal\", \"cold storage facility\" or \"pack house\" are al viable terms." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "\"Vegetable base\" is incorrect in this context. \"packing house\", \"food terminal\", \"cold storage facility\", \"packing house\" or \"pack house\" are all viable terms." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "You might call it a stifled laugh , as in, “Mary tried to contain herself, but couldn’t help letting out a stifled laugh.”", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You could also use the word snicker (either as a verb or noun) or possibly titter - though the latter might sound a little dated and silly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89131/Mixolydian", "score": 27 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This \"pfft\" could be called a \"snicker\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, sometimes the stifled laugh comes out not as a \"pfft\" but more of a \"snort\" if you try to keep the laugh inside by shutting your mouth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At deviantart.com , you can see the entirety of a cartoon titled \"What are you Laughing at?\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It may be hard to read because the lettering is so small, but the characters are trying not to laugh, and are emitting the words \"snicker\" & \"snort\" (highlighted in yellow) instead.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/40154/Lorel C.", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "How about the word snort .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It could be used in a sentence like: When Nick told his wife about the narrow escape from a traffic ticket", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Betty tried to withhold a chuckle that came out as a snort.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/88091/Michael Karas", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "How about Titter?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I came across it a while ago doing a crossword on a plane.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "titter /ˈtɪtə/", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "verb verb: titter ;", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "3rd person present: titters ; past tense:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "tittered ; past participle:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "tittered ; gerund or present participle:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "tittering give a short, half-suppressed laugh; giggle. \"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "her stutter caused the children to titter\" synonyms : giggle, snigger, snicker, tee-hee, give a half-suppressed laugh, chuckle; noun noun: titter ; plural noun: titters a short, half-suppressed laugh.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"there were titters from the gallery\" synonyms : giggle, snigger, snicker, tee-hee, half-suppressed laugh, chuckle;", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96175/Hani Umer", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "According to wordhippo , a suppressed laugh is: A half-suppressed, typically scornful laugh", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The site also offers these synonyms: snigger, snicker, giggle, chortle, sneer, cackle, chuckle, guffaw, simper", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96306/Michael Brandeis", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I tend to think of guffaw, although Merriam-Webster says this is \"loud laughter,\" how about a stifled guffaw?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96381/L O", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I think at this point pfft is an onomatopoeia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's a part of my vocabulary at least, but it's more like a stand in for the word pashaw .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Which is an exclamation about the hilarity of an incredulous situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's a way to 'call bullshit' without swearing, or to preserve the lightheartedness of a conversation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He let out a pfft", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I wasn't sure if he was actually annoyed, or just trying to not hurt my feelings by laughing it off.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5117/Mazura", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "This \"pfft\" could be called a \"snicker\". You could say titter.. A short, half-suppressed laugh", "The following are all possibilities: \"stifled laugh\", \"snicker\" \"snort\", \"titter\" and \"guffaw\". " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following are all possibilities: \"stifled laugh\", \"snicker\" \"snort\", \"titter\" and \"guffaw\". " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The English adjective to describe a man or boy whom the speaker/writer regards as exhibiting stereotypically or inappropriately feminine characteristics is \"effeminate.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Please note that this word should be used with caution, if at all, as these days it is often seen as offensive.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, please note that what specific characteristics are seen as \"effeminate\" can vary widely across different times and cultures, and even from one individual to another.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wearing pink, being emotional, and gesturing with one's fingers are by no means universally coded as \"feminine,\" and therefore will not always be seen as \"effeminate\" when done by a man.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95506/Nanigashi", "score": 61 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Effeminate , an adjective that means \"having feminine qualities untypical of a man; not manly in appearance or manner.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Nanigashi makes an excellent point about the cultural and temporal boundaries that limit the applicability of categorizing particular behaviors as feminine or masculine.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/86006/Katy", "score": 28 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is also androgynous : partly male and partly female in appearance; of indeterminate sex, which is not quite the same thing of course.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/90693/Owain", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A less derogatory, more politically correct term, that no one has mentioned yet is: metrosexual .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Although a metropolitan sexual describes a man who is just more particular about grooming and cleanliness.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Google the old SNL skit \"Sprockets\" with Mike Myers for more information).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96473/Benji A.", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I am thinking of sissy (adj.), a pansy (n.), unmanly (adj, to describe one's behaviour).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Keep in mind they all are derogatory.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a modern and broad-minded society, having nails painted, or wearing a pink outlandish suit, or getting overly emotional doesn't necessarily describe a woman.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/53961/Andrew Tobilko", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another option is camp (adjective), meaning to behave in a way stereotypical of a gay man (in Western culture).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This includes exaggerated feminine traits, but also some traits (mannerisms, walk, accent) unique to the gay male subculture.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that gay itself could be an option, if you genuinely think they are homosexual.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However this has also been used as a general insult/criticism without necessarily being related to sexuality.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"That's so gay\" implies that you think something, or something someone is doing, is bad/stupid/lame/dumb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Katy Perry wrote a song about an ex-boyfriend called \"Ur so gay (and you don't even like boys)\" which made the intent of the insult clear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This use is generally offensive to gay people, of course, because it originates in accusations of homosexuality being used as insults, and then became a more generic insult in the 1990s when homosexuality became less taboo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21770/Graham", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It also reminds me about an expression used by the former Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger: girlie man .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96504/someone in the crowd", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is also gender bender , a quite catchy term which seems to fit your examples shown.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It implies a more conscious effort of the person thus described, perhaps even a level of activism or show, as opposed to the purely descriptive effeminate which can be entirely unconscious.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since identity and in particular gender issues are \"mined territory\" Graham has a point:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As this reddit discussion shows the term can be perceived as inappropriate, for example exactly because it implies a level of activism.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Understandably gender-fluid people (I hope I'm not insulting anybody) are loath of being categorized, so it's prudent to tread carefully in this context; using the rather benign gender bender is no exception.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/15471/Peter - Reinstate Monica", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Depending on the specific behaviours and the cultural context, a man could be described as being feminine as opposed to effeminate .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Both are valid, but effeminate is more derogatory, suggesting that the speaker thinks his mannerisms are in some way inappropriate, offensive, affected, or possibly even insulting to women by performing an exaggerated caricature (this is when effeminate crosses over into camp).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A man who performs some \"stereotypically female\" behaviours in a more naturalistic, less exaggerated way, could be correctly described as feminine without being effeminate.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96521/Daniel Hume", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Effeminate , an adjective that means \"having feminine qualities untypical of a man; not manly in appearance or manner.\" ", "A man who behaves like a woman can be called \"metrosexual\", \"a gender bender\", \"feminine\", \"effeminate\" \"gay\", \"a sissy\", or \"androgynous\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "A man who behaves like a woman can be called \"metrosexual\", \"a gender bender\", \"feminine\", \"effeminate\" \"gay\", \"a sissy\", or \"androgynous\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "It is a verb in British English: commentate: VERB", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "[NO OBJECT] British Report on an event as it occurs, especially for a news or sports broadcast; provide a commentary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/commentate", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/59859/Keith McClary", "score": 58 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Running commentary is also fairly common.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "running commentary ( noun ) a continuous spoken description of an event while it is happening", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96768/snugghash", "score": 37 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The classic phrase for such a description is play-by-play .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Literally this means a detailed description of a sports event, describing each event in the game as it happens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it has been extended to descriptions of other sorts of events, including political ones, on a similar as-it-happens basis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Such \"play-by-play\" descriptions arose when games were broadcast by radio, with no accompanying images, because video had not yet been developed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The intent was to give the listeners the same information as they would have if they were physically present.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Indeed it gave more, because the broadcaster often had expert knowledge of what to watch for, what was significant, that many people did not have, or not to the same degree.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is also known as \"play-by-play commentary.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Strictly speaking the commentary is the account of the event, not the process of delivering that account, but it is often extended to cover the process as well.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The action of doing the description is sometimes called \"giving a play-by-play\" or \"delivering a play-by-play\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In either case, \"commentary\" can be added.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/91457/David Siegel", "score": 35 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Commentary is the noun, but as you are asking for the action, the corresponding verb is commentate/commentating .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Those who commentate are called commentators", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/8790/curiousdannii", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There's narrating verb (used with object), nar·rat·ed, nar·rat·ing. to give an account or tell the story of (events, experiences, etc.). to add a spoken commentary to (a film, television program, etc.) or cast In sports broadcasting, a sports commentator (also known as sports announcer, sportscaster or play-by-play announcer) gives a running commentary of a game or event in real time, usually during a live broadcast, traditionally delivered in the historical present tense.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is used a lot regarding games, such as on Twitch,", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "although there it can be used very broadly: often someone casting a game will be discussing things only tangentially, if at all, related to the game.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, while the traditional past tense of \"cast\" is just \"cast\", many people now use \"casted\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/61500/Acccumulation", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If it specific to sports, as the other answers have said, commentating or running commentary is the common word.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Reporting live is another which I think has a broader potential context of use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, reporting tends to be more about the events with as little 'extra information' as possible, while commentary tends to include some opinion or any other relevant extra information.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96883/Emmanuel", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In British English, \"live commentary\" is probably the most common phrase for this.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, the national UK radio station that specialises in sports reporting uses it in its schedules .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/37000/Especially Lime", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A less common phrase would be \" color commentary \", referring particularly to background information provided between plays.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96738/stephan.com", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Calling the game\" can also be used.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The same term gets used in place of \"calling off the game\" (e.g. due to rain), but there's plenty of references as to it being used to denote commentating.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96859/user96859", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One answer that I haven't seen here yet is \"Casting\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A especially eSports, a lot of the announcers call themselves casters, and I've heard the term use in ways like \"sports casting\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96894/Noah", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Running commentary ( noun ) a continuous spoken description of an event while it is happening. In British English, \"live commentary\" is probably the most common phrase for this. ", "The possibilities are: \"providing a commentary, a running commentary or a live commentary. Moreover, one other option that can be used is casting. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The possibilities are: \"providing a commentary, a running commentary or a live commentary. One other option that can be used is casting. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "You stage a coup, like the documentary How to Stage a Coup . to produce or cause to happen for public view or public effect // stage a track meet //", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "stage a hunger strike (source: Merriam-Webster )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In cases like this, an NGram search is often helpful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(The * basically means \"find the words most used at that position\" and _VERB specifies you're only looking for verbs.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here, we can see that stage is the most commonly used verb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, you do need to pay attention to what the words actually mean; other top hits like plan and attempt mean something else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18673/Glorfindel", "score": 37 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While the term stage in Glorfindel's answer is widely applicable, it implies primarily the planning and preparation for a coup and not necessarily success.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Less common but used to refer specifically to the actions involved to carry out the plan is", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "execute a coup , which does imply success.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "M-W : to carry out fully : put completely into effect // execute a command", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the case of your example, it's possible that a coup might be staged by the United States but executed by some local organization.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2536/chrylis -cautiouslyoptimistic-", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another possibility is to orchestrate a coup . or‧ches‧trate /ˈɔːkəstreɪt", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "$ ˈɔːr-/ verb [transitive] (written) to organize an important event or a complicated plan, especially secretly Example:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The riots were orchestrated by anti-government forces.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Source: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/86485/Martin Frodl", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Mount\" is an alternative to \"stage\" stage/lead/mount a coup Macmillan Dictionary stage/mount/launch a coup Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English to stage/mount a coup Oxford Learner's Dictionaries: English", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is considerably less common on Google Ngrams though.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97676/user97676", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "What word to use there depends on what you want to say.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The term \"stage\" implies that the entity in question actually performed the coup.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For a outside party that has less of a direct role, there's \"instigate\" instigate : to goad or urge forward : PROVOKE https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/instigate or \"back\" : to support by material or moral assistance backing a candidate for governor —often used with up back up a friend in a fight https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/back", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/61500/Acccumulation", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I believe coups are engineered .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97690/blue439", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Foment - \"instigate or stir up (an undesirable or violent sentiment or course of action).\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/69190/JacobIRR", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Depending upon your intended exact meaning, you could use \"precipitate,\" \"catalyze,\" or \"encourage.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97673/parseczero", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Mount is an alternative to \"stage\" stage/lead/mount a coup Macmillan Dictionary stage/mount/launch a coup Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English to stage/mount a coup Oxford Learner's Dictionaries: English. The term \"stage\" implies that the entity in question actually performed the coup. For an outside party that has less of a direct role, there's \"instigate\" instigate : to goad or urge forward", "The possibilities are as follows: \"stage\", \"orchestrate\", \"mount\", \"instigate\", \"engineer\",\"stir up\", \"foment\", \"precipitate\", \"catalyse\" and \"encourage\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The possibilities are as follows: \"stage\", \"orchestrate\", \"mount\", \"instigate\", \"engineer\",\"stir up\", \"foment\", \"precipitate\", \"catalyse\" and \"encourage\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I believe these are the appropriate technical terms, and more can be read here .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But an airplane has 3 angles that can vary, but the one you are specifically referring to is pitch .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The closest dictionary defintion I found was in CED : the amount of slope, especially of a roof", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/96919/katatahito", "score": 38 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The direction that an (air)plane or a (sea)ship is pointing to is called heading : the compass direction in which the longitudinal axis of a ship or aircraft points The direction that an (air)plane or a (sea)ship is moving is called course : the direction of travel of a vehicle (such as a ship or airplane)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "1 Heading and course can be different when there is wind (or when there is a water current in the case of a ship).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Heading\" and \"course\" are expressed in cardinal directions (i.e. \"north/south/west/east\") or degrees of rotation relative to the north (e.g. \"heading 90 degrees\" and \"heading east\" are synonyms).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These are measured on a horizontal (geometric) plane , (i.e. a surface which is perpendicular to the direction of gravity).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"up/down\" direction that an airplane is pointing to relative to the horizontal plane is called pitch angle:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The pitch axis [...] has its origin at the center of gravity and is directed to the right, parallel to a line drawn from wingtip to wingtip.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Motion about this axis is called pitch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"up/down\" direction that an airplane is moving relative to the air around is called angle of attack : [...]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the angle between a reference line on a body [...] and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"up/down\" direction that an airplane is moving relative to the ground is called angle of climb : The angle of climb can be defined as the angle between a horizontal plane representing the Earth's surface and the actual flight path followed by the aircraft during its ascent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that the angle of climb depends on the ratio between horizontal distance traveled and the change in altitude , which is usually relative to mean sea level (I say \"usually\" because there is more than one way to define what \"zero altitude\" means ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97703/IvanSanchez", "score": 34 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You may be looking for the word attitude , which is the orientation of the airplane in all three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pitch is the nose up/down angle of the plane, roll is the bank angle of the wings, and yaw is the nose left/right angle.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that this should not be confused with altitude , which is the height of the airplane either above sea level or above the the surface over which the aircraft is flying.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97712/Fred Larson", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Depending on how technical you want the word to be, you might also want to use Angle of attack .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This angle is the angle of the plane relative to the fluid(air) through which it is moving.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While the word is usually applied to the wings themselves, it does also apply to whole crafts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_attack for a more complete/correct explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97699/Matthias Duyck", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The direction that an aeroplane is pointing in is called its heading .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, if there is wind blowing from the side, the actual direction the plane is travelling in will be slightly or significantly different from its heading, depending how strong the wind is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9936/CJ Dennis", "score": 7 } } ]

[ [ "You may be looking for the word attitude , which is the orientation of the airplane in all three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw). Pitch is the nose up/down angle of the plane, roll is the bank angle of the wings, and yaw is the nose left/right angle. ", "The direction of an aeroplane is called the heading though perhaps \"attitude\", \"pitch\" or \"angle of attack\" is more accurate." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The direction of an aeroplane is called the heading though perhaps \"attitude\", \"pitch\" or \"angle of attack\" is more accurate." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "As others have said there are many expressions describing a situation in which there is no apparent beneficial outcome, such as choose the lesser of two evils , between a rock and a hard place , etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could also be called a no-win situation .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/51528/Mick", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One might say than in such a situation, you're faced with two evils (or maybe more than two).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There's a commonly used phrase choose the lesser of two evils : To pick the less offensive of two undesirable options.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I wasn't excited about going to a seminar all weekend, but I also didn't want to lose my license, so I chose the lesser of two evils and spent the weekend learning about new regulations in our field.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do you really want to get a demerit for not having your blazer?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just choose the lesser of two evils and tell the teacher you forgot it—maybe she'll take pity on you!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(source: The Free Dictionary )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18673/Glorfindel", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are many such idioms in English.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You could say you are \"caught on the horns of a dilemma,\" \"between a rock and a hard place,\" \"between the devil and the deep blue sea,\" \"between Scylla and Charybdis.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These generally all mean you are faced with two equally unpleasant options. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/on-the-horns-of-a-dilemma", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/94550/Showsni", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In that situation, you are said to have a Sophie's Choice .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Example (from Wiki):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We've been given a Sophie's Choice .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We can improperly care for some children vs. improperly care for other children.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A choice where every alternative has significant negative consequences. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sophie%27s_choice", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97953/Anandk", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The expression lose-lose situation (any choice is as bad as all the others), as mentioned by Ryan, is probably the best one so far.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All I can do is recommend you another way to describe a situation where all outcomes are considered equally bad:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Either choice is bad any way you slice it .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's how the Macmillan Dictionary defines any way you slice it : used for saying that something remains true, whatever way you consider it Example:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The book is a bestseller any way you slice it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/6450/Michael Rybkin", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Damned if you do, damned if you don't is another common idiom conveying this.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A situation in which one can't win.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, If I invite Aunt Jane, Mother will be angry, and if I don't, I lose Jane's friendship-I'm damned if I do and damned if I don't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[Colloquial; first half of 1900s]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/22789/Michael J.", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A lot of answers here (lose-lose, lesser of two evils, horns of a dilemma, rock & hard place) seem to indicate choosing between two options.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Where there are a number of distasteful options", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the general idiom I've come across is: The best of a bad bunch", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes, it looks like you have a range of choices, but in an ideal world, you wouldn't select any of them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since you have to choose one, you pick the best of a bad bunch.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/89/mcalex", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\" Dilemma \" can work well in some cases: di·lem·ma ( noun ) a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones. Also, I like \" lose-lose \" mentioned above – but “dilemma\" is more formal.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97957/DVE", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's called a zugzwang .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "CHESS noun: Zugzwang a situation in which the obligation to make a move in one's turn is a serious, often decisive, disadvantage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"black is in zugzwang\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97946/Alejandro", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'll add Catch-22", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's from an old satire story about American military life.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This particular allusion is to intentionally self-defeating regulation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the story, a soldier may apply for relief from battle on grounds of insanity, per regulation 22, but had to make the application himself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, the ability to recognize one's own insanity proves no insanity exists at all, thus the soldier would \"catch [regulation] 22\" and his request would be denied.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The most appropriate use for this should be when you have a choice, but outcomes are identical, but common usage is for a selection of choices and all outcomes are not favorable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whatever your choices, I give you The Clash while you decide.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/6768/6768", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Here, we call it \"elections\"..", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But you could say \"entre a cruz e a espada\" in Portuguese ('between cross and sword' literally).If all your 'options' are bad, you dont choose.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Except on elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Actually, not joking or trolling, but people just don´t get it...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/97935/Kamers", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A typical term for this scenario is to refer to \" Morton's fork \" .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The etymology for this dates back to tax collectors in medieval England, after a scheme proposed by a bishop named John Morton, which held that anyone who lived modestly must be saving money and thus could pay their taxes, while anyone who was living lavishly must be wealthy and can thus also afford to pay taxes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66767/nick012000", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "There's a commonly used phrase choose the lesser of two evils : To pick the less offensive of two undesirable options. You could say you are \"caught on the horns of a dilemma,\" \"between a rock and a hard place,\" \"between the devil and the deep blue sea,\" Damned if you do, damned if you don't is another common idiom conveying this. \" Dilemma \" can work well in some cases: di·lem·ma ( noun ) a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones. ", "The posssibilites are as follows: \"faced with two evils\", \"choose the lesser of two evils\", \"caught on the horns of a dilemma\", \"between a rock and a hard place\", \"between the devil and the deep blue sea\", \"between Scylla and Charybdis\", \"damned if you do, damned if you don’t\", \"best of a bad bunch\", \"bad any way you slice it\", \"dilemma\", \"zugzwang\", catch-22\", \"elections\" or \"Morton’s fork\". " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The posssibilites are as follows: \"faced with two evils\", \"choose the lesser of two evils\", \"caught on the horns of a dilemma\", \"between a rock and a hard place\", \"between the devil and the deep blue sea\", \"between Scylla and Charybdis\", \"damned if you do, damned if you don’t\", \"best of a bad bunch\", \"bad any way you slice it\", \"dilemma\", \"zugzwang\", catch-22\", \"elections\" or \"Morton’s fork\". " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Both \"soared\" and \"surge\" work perfectly fine in this context.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Perhaps they don't sound right to you because you've never heard them properly used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some examples: 6 Metrics Behind Zoom Video's Soaring Stock Price", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The last time rates soared like this, the stock market plunged double-digits and in the same story:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Interest rates are surging in the U.S. and around the world, sending shock waves through equity markets Figurative synonyms such as rocketed , shot up , swelled , and others are also common.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you don't want to use figurative language -- and there is no reason why you shouldn't, even in an academic paper -- then rose sharply or increased rapidly both work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Example: Report:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "US electricity prices rose sharply in October In the future, try doing a Google search on a particular word combination such as \"rate surge\" before assuming it is not idiomatic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You might find that it's actually quite common.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/42184/Andrew", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'm going to suggest that skyrocketing is actually your best option.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The concern seems to be that \"skyrocketing\" is too informal for use in academic writing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't believe this is really true.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's easy to find examples of scholarly research using this word, in both social sciences and physical sciences , and it seems to be especially common in economics .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is a much stronger word than surge, or even soar, implying an extremely large increase over a very short period of time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's most commonly associated with rising prices or rising rates of occurrence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While many of the things the word is applied to are considered undesirable, I believe the word itself is essentially neutral in tone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While it's most commonly used with undesirables like inflation, prices, and costs , it can be applied to desirable effects such as literacy and employment rates as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A good opposite word for a sudden dramatic decrease would be \"plummet\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/11195/barbecue", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you're using fell , the contrasting verb (in the past tense) is simply rose : From rise : [Merriam-Webster] 7 a : to move upward :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ASCEND 7 b : to increase in height, size, volume, or pitch Also since you are not using a dramatic version of fell (such as plummeted or crashed ), despite the fact that the decrease was fairly small, the same neutral language seems to be appropriate for its complement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, if you do want something more dramatic, but you don't like any of the words you've mentioned, there seem to be fewer other options that you'd likely be happy with.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Perhaps just using an adjective, such as swiftly rose , would be the most formal.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/73781/Jason Bassford", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It seems that you have set yourself two contradictory requirements.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You want a dramatic, emotive, journalistic term like \"skyrocket\", or \"surge\", but also a term suitable for an academic paper, which should not be dramatic or emotive but descriptive or analytic, plain and simple.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So either you choose an unemotive term like \"rose\", \"increased\" or you use a journalistic term like \"surged\", you can't have both.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24231/James K", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You could say jumped to indicate a rise over an unusually short time period.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "From jump : [Merriam-Webster] 1 b : to move suddenly or involuntarily 2 a : to move haphazardly or irregularly : shift abruptly 2 b : to undergo a sudden sharp change in value", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24591/Artelius", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ " Both \"soared\" and \"surge\" work perfectly fine in this context. ", "The possibilities are as follows: \"soared\", \"surged\", \"skyrocketed\", \"swiftly rose\" or \"jumped\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The possibilities are as follows: \"soared\", \"surged\", \"skyrocketed\", \"swiftly rose\" or \"jumped\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Still (/stɪl/) and steel (/sti:l/) are distinguishable.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The vowel sounds in these two words are different.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Steal and Steel (/sti:l/) are homophones and are pronounced exactly the same.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, the words are, in this case, easily identified by grammar.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this sentence, \"steal\" is a verb and \"steel\" is a noun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Steel\" as a verb cannot take \"steal\" (as a noun) as its object.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So there is no ambiguity in the sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24231/James K", "score": 75 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Context is the key to understanding.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "If your reader or conversation partner understands you are talking about someone or something with a habit of misappropriating steel, then it is perfectly reasonable to say they still steal steel or steal steel still .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If they do not have that context, they you may need to explain it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most native speakers of English will pronounce steal and steel identically, but differently from still .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people in Yorkshire might pronounce all three differently, and some people in Tennessee might pronounce all three the same.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In all the \"standard\" accents with which I am familiar, steel and steal are homophones, both pronounced /stiːl/.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The spelling of steal and words like team and cream among others reflects a distinction in pronunciation which was mostly lost by the 18th century in what is known as the meet - meat merger .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The distinction is preserved only in some corners of Ireland and Northern England, and I would say a learner should not bother with it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The standard pronunciation of still has a shorter vowel, thus /stɪl/.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, many speakers of Southern, Appalachian, and African-American Englishes, and what is called Estuary English, speak with what is called the fill - feel merger .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pairs like ill and eel , hill and heal , or will and we'll are pronounced the same in those accents.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Again, I would say a learner is safest sticking to the standard pronunciation in speaking.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21/choster", "score": 36 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I, for one, hear a significant difference between \"still\" and \"steal\" or \"steel\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I would call the vowel sound that I make, and typically hear, in \"still\" a \"short-I\", while I would call the vowel sound in \"steal\" or \"steel\" a \"long-e\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There are, I am sure, more technically correct terms for these sounds.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To help clarify, to me \"Still\" rhymes with \"hill\" and \"kill\", while \"steal\" rhymes with \"keel\", \"feel\", and \"conceal\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As is implied by the forgoing, to me \"steal\" and \"steel\" are homophones, with no detectable difference in sound.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/91457/David Siegel", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Can fluent English speakers understand the sentence?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They still steal steel?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Well, certainly yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We use our knowledge of everyday English to make a rational interpretation of the likely meaning of the sentence.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this sense, pronunciation is not key.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Can fluent English speakers distinguish these words when spoken in isolation, with no context?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I could certainly attempt to pronounce each word with such emphasis to make each one sound unique and probably identifiable to many people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Would I do that in normal speech?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Probably not.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/98198/Pzy", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In English, the difference in writing between steel/steal and still is called a minimal pair.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ae/ee are pronounced the same way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is their graphemes (how they are written) that differ.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "still is pronounced differently.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, there is only one sound difference between steel/steal and still.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "minimal pairs", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In English, minimal pairs (how you pronounce vowel sounds and not how they are written) are very important because still contains the sound /ɪ/ for the i.steal/steel contain the sound [i:] for ea and ee.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The difference between steal and steel in spoken language will come from the co-text .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This seat is as hard as steel.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To steal is not a good thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The sounds in steel/steal and still are never misheard by native speakers in this sense.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "And still is an adverb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, a totally different category.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is important to do exercises with minimal pairs in order to become used to them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "English has many quirks but knowing usual minimal pairs helps learners as how English sounds is not how it is written.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "bat/bet steal/steel", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[we saw this one], others include: feet and feat hot/hit but/bat bait", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "/late....notice:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ai and a are both the same sound.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The most difficult one is probably the /ɪ/. The sounds of the i and u in the word minute (for time) are both /ɪ/. Also, the /ɪ/ does not exist in some languages like French and Spanish.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So those speakers have a hard time with: sheet/ship.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are tons of places online and in books to learn these sounds.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please note: there are regional variations sometimes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At this level of learning, I think regional differences should be left out of explanations because it is already hard enough to grasp the idea of minimal pairs and graphemes in English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/33113/Lambie", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"What?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They still steal steel?\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes, \"still\" has a different sound to \"steel\" and \"steal\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We use our knowledge of general sentence order to logically work this out.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, the emphasis placed on each of these words in a question would allow us to understand that \"steal\" is the verb, and that \"steel\" is the noun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "More emphasis may be placed on \"steal\" because the sentence is interrogative.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, I understand that this is something hard for non-native English speakers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have heard these three words pronounced as the same word many a time by non-native speakers.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is like \"fill\" and \"feel\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The only way you can get better at this is by listening to a native English pronunciation and practising.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/101831/books4languages.com", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Steal and Steel (/sti:l/) are homophones and are pronounced exactly the same. However, \"still\" has a different sound to \"steel\" and \"steal\". The standard pronunciation of still has a shorter vowel, thus /stɪl/. The sounds in steel/steal and still are never misheard by native speakers in this sense.", "Context and knowledge of the English language means native English speakers can logically work this out. It is important to note that these three words may be similarly pronounced but generally \"steel\" and \"steal\" are pronounced differently from \"still\". " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "These three words may be similarly pronounced but generally \"steel\" and \"steal\" are pronounced differently from \"still\". ", "Context and knowledge of the English language means native English speakers can logically work this out. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The ambiguity arises because you have one sentence doing three jobs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is telling us which city Jessica lives in, where that city is, and what the unemployment rate is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The simple fix is to split the sentence, repeating \"Halifax\" Jessica lives in the city of Halifax, the capital of the province of Nova Scotia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Halifax, the unemployment rate is five percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jessica lives in the city of Halifax, where the unemployment rate is five percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(do you need to say that Halifax is in Nova Scotia?)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Another way is to indicate a context in other sentences: Jessica lives in the city of Halifax, the capital of the province of Nova Scotia, where the unemployment rate is five percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This compares well with other Canadian cities.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Ontario, the rate is ten percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However in the rest of Nova Scotia the unemployment rate is only two percent...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24231/James K", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Halifax has an unemployment rate of 5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although the original sentence could be parsed as using parenthetical commas, it could also be parsed as having each comma functioning to have what comes after it modifying what comes before it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To make it clear that it's actually parenthetical information, use actual parentheses:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jessica lives in the city of Halifax (the capital of the province of Nova Scotia) where the unemployment rate is 5 percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here, there is no way of misinterpreting the fact that it's Halifax with the unemployment rate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nova Scotia has an unemployment rate of 5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, if you wanted to say that it's Nova Scotia with the unemployment rate, remove the second comma and, thereby, any indication of parenthetical information.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, rephrase the sentence slightly: Jessica lives in the city of Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia where the provincial unemployment rate is 5 percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now, without the second comma, everything after the first comma modifies what came before it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, by writing provincial unemployment rate , it's impossible to mistake it as referring to Halifax.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The use of provincial also makes it clear that Nova Scotia is a province.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/73781/Jason Bassford", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I think the simple answer is, Don't be afraid to break up the sentence.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd write, \"Jessica lives in Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The unemployment rate in Halifax is 5%.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We have a fair number of questions on this site about \"how do I eliminate the ambiguity without adding more words\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Very often the answer is, \"There is no other way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You have to add more words.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/803/Jay", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Reorder the clauses so there is no ambiguity.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The subordinate clauses can only refer to things mentioned earlier in the sentence, so: Jessica lives in Halifax, a city with an unemployment rate of five percent and the capital of the province of Nova Scotia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You might want to replace \"and\" by \"which is\", but IMO the grammatical arguments either way are mostly pedantry.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19004/alephzero", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I really like alephzero's answer, because I find long mid-sentence parenthetical (or dashed) clauses not really compatible with direct journalistic or business writing, which is the style that is perhaps being aimed for here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd consider:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "J lives in Nova Scotia's capital, Halifax, a city with a 5% unemployment rate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "or if you feel the audience needs to be reminded that NS is a province: J lives in the capital of the province of Nova Scotia, Halifax, a city with a 5% unemployment rate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and if the opposite sense is intended: J lives in Halifax, capital of Nova Scotia, where the provincial unemployment rate is 5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/46904/CCTO", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Use of parentheses will easily clarify this: Jessica lives in the city of Halifax (capital of the province of Nova Scotia), where the unemployment rate is 5 percent.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The focus, and hence the unemployment rate, remains with Halifax.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/48224/Davo", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia has an unemployment rate of 5 percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is here that Jessica lives.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am working on the premise that you would not list Halifax' unemployment rate if you did not intend to put it into some relation to Jessica's living situation, so this expository style gives you a good starting place for creating the context you want to establish for Jessica.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead of \"lives\", something more specific like \"moved in order to work at Wooly's, a company specialising in mirror symmetrical pairs of socks\" can be used in order to tie this into whatever comes next in a cohesive manner.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another option: turn it inside out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Halifax, Nova Scotia, where Jessica lives, the unemployment rate is 5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18020/Majenko", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Jessica lives in Nova Scotia--specifically, in Halifax, where the unemployment rate is 5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for the original version, this is a worthwhile sentence only if the 5% unemployment rate is important to/for Jessica, and that very soon now we'll get to the point.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/99642/Bruce E Trumbo", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ " Use of parentheses will easily clarify this: Jessica lives in the city of Halifax (capital of the province of Nova Scotia), where the unemployment rate is 5 percent. ", "The solution is to break up the sentence and reorder the clauses to remove any ambiguity." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The solution is to break up the sentence and reorder the clauses to remove any ambiguity." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The quintessential idiomatic term in this context is leech ( vt , or as n the person doing it).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Per Wiktionary , (figuratively) A person who derives profit from others in a parasitic fashion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Urban Dictionary's top definition lists \"parasite\" and \"freeloader\" as synonyms. Leech in this sense is very common slang in technical circles and especially file-sharing, where it refers specifically to downloading files but not staying online to share them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A Google search for \"leeching Wi-Fi\" turns up a full page of results describing the exact activity in the question.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2536/chrylis -cautiouslyoptimistic-", "score": 59 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One word used is piggybacking , given by Wikipedia as Piggybacking on Internet access is the practice of establishing a wireless Internet connection by using another subscriber's wireless Internet access service without the subscriber's explicit permission or knowledge.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One definition of piggyback given by Lexico is piggyback VERB 1.1 Link to or take advantage of (an existing system or body of work)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "they have piggybacked their own networks on to the system", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/56820/Weather Vane", "score": 52 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The best [American, maybe not British] English word for this is probably mooching .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It specifically refers to using a resource that's not well-guarded, either without permission or overstepping intended level of permission, in a way that's annoying or inconvenient to others but not severe enough to be treated as theft.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other examples of mooching include: Consuming snacks from employee break area as meals.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dropping in a bank that has free lolipops for customers' children with no actual business to conduct, just to get lolipops.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Consuming a roommate's food from their [section of the] refrigerator, or consistently consuming more than your fair share from food purchased jointly for use by oneself and roommates.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Using a roommate's car that they always fill with gas.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The term mooching is also used fairly often for legitimate use of social welfare programs for their intended purposes, when the speaker either doesn't understand or doesn't accept those intended purposes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/6186/R.. GitHub STOP HELPING ICE", "score": 25 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One could say such people are free riders , a noun derived from free ride : 1 : a benefit obtained at another's expense or without the usual cost or effort (source: Merriam Webster ) and in the same spirit (thanks @PeterJennings), freeloaders , derived from the verb freeload : to impose upon another's generosity or hospitality without sharing in the cost or responsibility involved (source: Merriam Webster ) which nicely 'rhymes' with upload & download, which is what you do when using the network.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "These are certainly not limited to using WiFi, as @Lambie suggests.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18673/Glorfindel", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Honestly the word I have heard used for this is just \"stealing\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is fairly common in everyday use, because \"stealing\" is a quite general term for taking something without authorization.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19148/Mark Foskey", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "TL;DR", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's helpful to think about the way you're framing this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you're viewing bandwidth or the Wi-Fi network as personal property, then the matching term or phrase should have a negative connotation that carries a sense of theft or unauthorized use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some Common Terms", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They might be “stealing bandwidth,” which is a limited resource on Wi-Fi networks.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They may also be “trespassing” (in several senses of the word, and especially in the sense of unlawful transit of property).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Taking possession of another’s property (in this case, bandwidth) is “squatting.”", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The person squatting on the network is a “squatter.”", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If it wasn’t an open network, then someone had to “hack” it or “crack” it to gain access.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The former term is more common in colloquial speech, but the latter more strongly connotes “breaking” (or \"breaking into\") the system.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it was an open network, and no money exchanged hands, then the unpaid use of the Wi-Fi would be “freeloading.”", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The one freeloading would therefore be a “freeloader.”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's definitely worth pointing out the terms above are closely related, but aren't identical.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, \"trespassing\" and \"stealing\" are both crimes, but stealing carries a stronger sense of criminal intent .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/25285/CodeGnome", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'm going to suggest the obvious: thief .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It clearly indicates the \"without consent\" part of the question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or perhaps the more specific term: bandwidth thief .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If a company is paying for Internet access by the megabyte then the person using it without permissions is certainly stealing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If the company pays a flat fee for a limited amount of bandwidth then the unapproved person is still stealing - if they use 200 MB of a company's 2GB plan, that is 200 MB the company is now deprived of using.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/27474/Greenstone Walker", "score": 7 } } ]

[ [ "One word used is piggybacking , given by Wikipedia as Piggybacking on Internet access is the practice of establishing a wireless Internet connection by using another subscriber's wireless Internet access service without the subscriber's explicit permission or knowledge. They might be “stealing bandwidth,” which is a limited resource on Wi-Fi networks. If it was an open network, and no money exchanged hands, then the unpaid use of the Wi-Fi would be “freeloading.”", "The correct possibilities in this respect are: \"leech\", \"piggyback\", \"steal\", \"squat\", \"hack\", \"crack\", \"freeload\" or \"thieve\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The correct possibilities in this respect are: \"leech\", \"piggyback\", \"steal\", \"squat\", \"hack\", \"crack\", \"freeload\" or \"thieve\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Zero is usually treated as plural.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "So \"one woman\", \"zero women\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If \"no\" means \"zero\" then you typically use the plural.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "No women have come to class today.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However when \"no\" means \"not one\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you can use a singular to underline not a single one : No woman should have to put up with harassment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The difference between these is subtle and there is variation in actual usage.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24231/James K", "score": 58 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In my experience, the choice between \"no woman\" and \"no women\" is usually determined by this question: if there were at least one woman, would there be only one, or multiple?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Examples:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This list identified sixty-seven men and no women.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We use \"no women\" because if the list did identify at least one woman, it would probably identify multiple women.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "No!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm not married!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm a single man!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am married to no woman!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We use \"no woman\" here because if the man were married, he would probably be married to only one woman.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We have lots of hot dog buns, but no hot dogs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We use \"no hot dogs\" because if we did have at least one hot dog, we would probably have multiple hot dogs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I own a computer, but no TV.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We use \"no TV\" because if I did own a TV, I would probably own only one TV.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2020/Tanner Swett", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One man and one woman, zero, two or sixty-seven men and women.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Wherever you would use 'man', use 'woman' (when referring to females), and wherever you would use 'men', the female equivalent is 'women'.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/76888/Robyn Simpson", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I liked @James", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "K's answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Women,\" is usually for general purposes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No women allowed,\" or \"Women's magazine,\" or \"Women's #1 top choice of purses,\" etc. \"Woman,\" is more specific.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This (specific) woman is not allowed,\" or \"This (specific) woman's magazine is very interesting,\" or \"This (specific) woman's favourite purse is", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "X.\" One of the only cases I can think of that uses \"Woman,\" in a more general term, would be if you could replace \"No woman,\" with \"no person.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: \"Some say no woman (no person) can do this,\" or \"No woman (no person) would resist that bargain!\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Something like that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/100411/cal", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This list identified sixty-seven men and no women.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, \"men\" is plural, so \"women\" must agree with that grammatical number .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Otherwise, it's jarring.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's a different way of writing it:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This list identified 67 men but not a single woman.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In that sentence, \"woman\" is used because \"single\" changes the number from plural to singular.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Also, the \"but\" starts a new \"sub-sentence\" and thus the grammatical number is reset).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(And sixty-seven is changed to 67 because traditionally the numbers zero to nine or ten are spelled, and the numbers ten or eleven and above are written numerically.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are, of course, exceptions to the rule...)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/33331/RonJohn", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Wherever you would use 'man', use 'woman' (when referring to females), and wherever you would use 'men', the female equivalent is 'women'. For example: \"Some say no woman (no person) can do this,\" or \"No woman (no person) would resist that bargain!\" Where \"men\" is plural, so \"women\" must agree with that grammatical number. Zero is usually treated as plural. ", "When \"no\" can be replaced by \"zero\", the plural is used. Otherwise \"women\" is the correct option. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "When \"no\" can be replaced by \"zero\", the plural is used. Otherwise \"women\" is the correct option. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "In my experience the most common idiom is a scheduling conflict This can apply anywhere, not just to academics.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, in a work email: Hi Jim, can we move our meeting to 3pm?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have a scheduling conflict with another meeting at our original time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thanks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note this assumes you want to participate in both events.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If these classes just happen to be at the same time, then Laurel's answer of \"simultaneous\" is more accurate.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/42184/Andrew", "score": 42 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I had this happen to me a lot at University, and the word in use then was 'clash'.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Oh no, I have another timetable clash this semester.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "or I have to see my tutor;", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "plant biology clashes with statistics on Thursdays", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/103741/flashliquid", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The classes are simultaneous : occurring, operating, or done at the same time.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "— Lexico/Oxford Dictionaries", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's an example in use (from a tango site ): Saturday July 25th 1-2:15pm w/Anais - Beginner Level - Embellishments for the leader and follower 1-2:15pm", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "w/Carlos - Intermediate Level - Paradas/Barridas (above classes are simultaneous)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/41273/Laurel", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "From what I understand, you are saying The \"Microeconomics - ECON101\" class is scheduled at 11 am, and so is \"Introduction to Psychology - PSYC101\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Is that correct?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Well, may be the easiest way to say this would be Both Econ101 and Psyc101 classes are scheduled at the same time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You could also say ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "my Econ101 class coincides with my Psyc101 class ... From Cambridge (1) and Collins (2) \"coincide\" means (1) to come together in position or happen at or near the same time (2) If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are many ways to say this", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(you have not provided an example sentence)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You could use the word \"concurrent\" meaning \"happening at the same time\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(Cambridge) ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Econ101 and Psyc101 classes run concurrently ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As Andrew mentioned, you can also say There is a scheduling conflict [or schedule conflict] ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A scheduling conflict occurs when two (or more) subjects are offered at the same time, and the student must make a choice between the two. - How to Build the Master Schedule in 10 Easy Steps (2008).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/77766/AIQ", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would express it by saying that the classes are \"in conflict.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Oh no!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My math class is in conflict with the English class I wanted to take.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or... That job would be a conflict with another commitment I have.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/103720/General Nuisance", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Overlapping schedule is not a bad phrase.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(Furthermore, neither are some of the other good answers.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That is certainly a phrase that is used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although, if you know exactly how many items are having overlapping schedules, it may be a bit more common to say a more specific term, \"double-booked \" or \" triple-booked \".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/17653/TOOGAM", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you are scheduled to be in two classes (or appointments in general) at the same time, you'd describe yourself as double-booked .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4675/Brian Minton", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The most common idiom is a scheduling conflict This can apply anywhere, not just to academics. You could use the word \"concurrent\" meaning \"happening at the same time\"", "The following possibilities are an option: \"a scheduling conflict\"; \"classes are simultaneous\"; \"classes are clashing\"; \"classes are overlapping\"; or \"classes are double-booked\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following possibilities are an option: \"a scheduling conflict\"; \"classes are simultaneous\"; \"classes are clashing\"; \"classes are overlapping\"; or \"classes are double-booked\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I have seen this written many times on bus timetables etc.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "and find no reason why someone wouldn't understand it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To be extra clear, I would make one amend:: The train departs at 16 minutes past every hour.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Or even better", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The train departs at 16 minutes past the hour, every hour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95928/Bee", "score": 43 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "What alephzero said (in comment) is also true of US English: \"every hour at 16 past the hour.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From Merriam Webster dictionary Definition of past the hour used with a certain number of minutes to indicate how long after the beginning of an hour something will happen \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trains leave every hour at ten minutes past the hour.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is more colloquial, to my ear, than \"past every hour\" and Google agrees One can also say \"16 minutes before the hour,\" whereas \"before every hour\" is almost unattested", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104056/Scott", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You may hear more casual variations of this such as: There are trains at 16 past, every hour.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The trains are at 16 past, every hour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Generally, the trains will not be running on the same schedule for the entire day, so you'll often hear this with a time constraint:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are trains at 16 and 39 past, every hour, until 5.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are trains at 16 and 39 past, every hour, from 9 until 5.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You'd also be likely to hear these further condensed: There are trains at 16 and 39 past until 5.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are trains at 16 and 39 past from 9 until 5.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/103986/Chris Mack", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The idiomatic expression in English related to this is \"every hour, on the hour\" (with the comma sometimes being omitted, as in: By 2002, the RUC was run every hour, on the hour , producing 12-hour forecasts with a 1 hour temporal resolution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Which means that it ran at 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, etc etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Closely-related is \"every hour, on the half-hour\" (with the comma and/or the hyphen sometimes omitted,) as in: Retrieval times are 9:30, then every hour on the half hour , with the last retrieval at 3:30 (4:30 on Tuesday and Thursday).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To further approach your specific question, we also have \"every hour on the quarter-hour\", which I hope you might guess is: Train: Oxford Road to Urmston though it's only every hour, on the quarter hour , so not necessarily the best way.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "All of that has been generalized to \"every hour, on the X\", where X is some number, and usually pluralized:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It looks like the buses leave every hour on the 16s .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This can also be generalized to frequencies other than hourly: Providing you with up to the minute breaking news, headlines and video, as well as traffic and weather updates every ten minutes on the ones .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is, I think, a bit less-formal than some of the other correct expressions listed in other answers, but I would expect any competent English speaker to readily-grasp the meaning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104103/Roger", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In British English (and I believe AmEng too)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "there are idiomatic ways of stating specific times on the clock, although these expressions do not necessarily apply when speaking about hours and minutes in general.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can write any time numerically in 12, or 24-hour format:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trains depart at 15:16, 15:46.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "16:16 etc", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How we say those times depends on the number of minutes past the hour, and if writing them in words, we would write them as they should be spoken.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We don't usually use the words \"hours\" and \"minutes\" when quoting a specific time, and when the minutes are divisible by 5, for example: Five past four (16:05) Twenty-five past five (17:25) Twenty to six (17:40)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, when the time is precisely 15, 30, or 45 minutes past the hour, we tend to say: A quarter past five.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(17:15) Half-past five (17:30)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A quarter to six (17:45)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, when the number of minutes is not divisible by 5, we do include the word \"minutes\", for example: Six minutes past four (16:06) In everyday situations, British English speakers tend to round times like this and say things like \"It's nearly ten past four\", or \"It's just gone five past four\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously that would not be the case with a transport timetable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For the reasons above, we would definitely include the word \"minutes\" in your example, if only because it is an \"unrounded\" number of minutes (not divisible by 5):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The train departs at 16 minutes past every hour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "OR The train departs at 16 minutes past each hour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is also idiomatic, when speaking about any hour, to say \"past the hour\", as in this example from MW dictionary: Trains leave every hour at ten minutes past the hour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " The train departs at 16 minutes past every hour. ", "The expression is correct in English and other variations are possible." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The expression is correct in English and other variations are possible." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Trip\" is fine and doesn't carry any implication that it covered a long distance.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In my experience it would be the most common and ordinary word to use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5937/hobbs", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "That is called a drive.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Though I'm not sure I'd call it that if I traveled by taxi, I'd probably call that a ride or a trip.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A drive is if I drive there myself, the passengers take rides or trips.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Edit: This qualifies as slang just barely, so", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll note that I speak American English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You may have different answers from other regions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/20120/modulusshift", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The general activity is driving, no matter the distance.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can qualify the trip as a 'short drive' if you really want to structure the sentence the way you did (but see a bit further down on other ways you might express the same thing).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In general, English tends to prefer to use phrases like this to express specific concepts instead of using special words.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are, as with anything in English, exceptions to this practice, but you will almost always be understood if you choose to phrase things this way instead of using more specific nouns.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You might also hear 'short trip' used in the same way, which has largely the same meaning but doesn't necessarily imply that any particular vehicle (or any vehicle at all for that matter) was used, just that the person traveled a short distance from one location to the other.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, I would probably not structure things this way in the first place.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At least in the American Midwest, it's far more common when you're specifying", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "both the point of origin and the destination to just say that you drove from the first location to the second location.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, your example might instead be better worded as \"Yesterday I drove from Brooklyn to Queens\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note how this does not try to qualify the distance traveled, because that's usually implicitly known (or at least, generically understood) based on the two locations that were mentioned.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This also can be easily extended to include the exact distance if required.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Going a bit further, if you were known to be somewhere specific at the time you started traveling to the destination, you might just omit the point of origin altogether and simply say you made a short drive to your destination.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Using your example, if you were known to be in Brooklyn yesterday, you could instead say: 'I took a short drive to Queens yesterday.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/60565/Austin Hemmelgarn", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Short drive\" or \"short trip\" are both perfectly idiomatic.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A more colloquial expression for a short trip is a \" hop \" (see definitions under nouns and phrases), for example: It's a short hop to the local store.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is used as an informal way of referring to any short journey, especially one you might make regularly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When speaking about a regular journey that you make, such as a daily commute to work, it is idiomatic to refer to any hop/trip/journey using the indefinite article, for example: Yesterday I made the short hop from Brooklyn to Queens in my car.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Aside from words mentioned in other answers, like \"trip\" and \"drive\", you might also hear it simply as: Yesterday I drove from Brooklyn to Queens.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The distance might often be implied by context, i.e. the listener is familiar with the places, and the distance between them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you didn't expect they'd be familiar, you might actually say something like (if you really wanted to express the idea of it being a short distance):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yesterday I drove from Brooklyn to Queens, which isn't too far.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, as said by @Astralbee, you might describe it as a \"short\" trip or drive.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/103986/Chris Mack", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "You might also hear 'short trip' used in the same way, which has largely the same meaning but doesn't necessarily imply that any particular vehicle (or any vehicle at all for that matter) was used, just that the person travelled a short distance from one location to the other. ", "The following possibilities are an option: \"a trip\", \"a drive\", \"a short drive\", \"a short trip\" or \"a hop\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following possibilities are an option: \"a trip\", \"a drive\", \"a short drive\", \"a short trip\" or \"a hop\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Presumably, you are talking about this cat: If not, that's OK.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hat on a cat describes a hat being atop a cat, as you say.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Cat in the hat can mean what you describe, the cat being inside the hat (e.g. the cat being inside a much larger hat).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, there is a different usage of in here: in 9.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "preposition", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you are dressed in a piece of clothing, you are wearing it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He was a big man, smartly dressed in a suit and tie. ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "three women in black.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Collins Dictionary)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In other words, we can use in [article/piece of clothing] to mean that someone or something is wearing the clothing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So we understand that the cat is wearing the hat, like above.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This usage of in is common: the man in the red shirt the girl in the skirt the boys in blue * [=", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the boys wearing blue attire ] the baby in the skeleton costume", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As @ShadowRanger mentions, the cops are sometimes referred to as the boys in blue , but actually I had the Los Angeles Dodgers and their iconic white and blue uniforms in mind at first ( too soon!! ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Regardless, this broadly applies to anyone in any color clothing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The context will make the meaning clear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/36187/Em.", "score": 63 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The other answers do a fine job explaining how the you can use in to describe someone wearing clothing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, there is another difference between the two alternatives you give that I would like to highlight.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The phrase \"cat in the hat\" focuses on the cat (who is wearing a hat), while the phrase \"the hat on the cat\" focuses on the hat (which is being worn by the cat).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "When using the phrase without the context of a sentence (e.g. as the title of a book) this is a simple matter of which of the two you want to focus on.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, when using the phrase as part of a sentence, this becomes a lot more relevant.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Consider the following two sentences: The cat in a hat is black", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The hat on the cat is black", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The first sentence is about a black cat wearing a hat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The second sentence is about a cat wearing a black hat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/17574/Jasper", "score": 23 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can also use in to mean dressed or attired in something .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would expect this usage came from French.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the man in the suit the woman in the pretty sun dress a boy in a bathing suit the girl in an orange wig", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104198/Holger", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Also, in the story, there are a series of recursive cats in corresponding hats.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A cat's hat in that context is actually the hat belonging to their host cat, which they are in fact positioned entirely within.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not for nothing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104262/Paul Koen", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The Cat: Because it's a specific cat having a specific identity and/or personality.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it were about any cat, it would be A Cat .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In: Because he's wearing it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you are wearing an article of clothing you are dressed in that article of clothing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On a cat means the hat is sitting on top of a cat but the cat isn't wearing it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat just happens to be existing underneath the hat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It would not have the same meaning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It must be In because the cat is wearing the hat, not just sitting underneath it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The Hat:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because the hat is also special.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it were just about a cat that wears any of a number of different hats it would be called The Cat In A Hat .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But this book is about a specific cat and a specific hat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104259/TimF", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "The phrase \"cat in the hat\" focuses on the cat (who is wearing a hat), while the phrase \"the hat on the cat\" focuses on the hat (which is being worn by the cat). On a cat means the hat is sitting on top of a cat but the cat isn't wearing it. It must be In because the cat is wearing the hat, not just sitting underneath it. ", "The cat is actually wearing the hat and not just sitting in it so it is \"Cat in the Hat\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The cat is actually wearing the hat and not just sitting in it so it is \"Cat in a Hat\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Lingua\" is not an English word.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "To my knowledge it is only found (in English) in the expression lingua franca which comes from Italian and refers to a \"common language\" between two or more groups of people.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is a loan word .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When referring to the anatomical thing, we always say \"tongue\" and never \"lingua.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Lingua\" itself is Latin, and this root is the basis for several English words like \"language,\" \"linguistics,\" \"bilingual\"; as well as scientific names in anatomy like \"lingual artery.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/82065/TypeIA", "score": 35 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "lingua isn't used on its own, but the latin root is part of a lot of words.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "sublingual - below the tongue linguist - someone who studies languages bilingual - someone who speaks 2 languages linguine (or linguini) -", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "a delicious pasta, that somehow relates to tongues.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104590/Grady Player", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The simple explanation is that in anatomy, latin terms are used (for adjectives \"dorsal\"= of the back, \"ventral\"= of the belly/front, \"jugular\"=of the throat, \"ischemic\", \"sciatic\", \"cranial\", ... ; or for parts, like \"retina\", \"vena cava\", \"atrium\", \"vestibula\", \"cranium\", ... ).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In English, you will find \"lingua\"/\"lingual\" almost exclusively used in an anatomy context, because there it's \"proper\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One of the advantages of using Latin is that a first year's med (or bio) student starts from a blank slate (I'd say, tabula rasa ):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's no imprecise, overlapping terminology, no confusing half-synonyms (no \"tummy\", \"belly\", \"stomach\" for generally the same region).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other advantage is that (as lingua franca in classical learning) older & foreign language texts use exactly the same verbs and adjectives; important as much scientific research is published in English but not written nor read by native speakers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66075/user3445853", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I cannot think of any use of lingua however sublingual means under the tongue.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Sub means under or below and lingual means tongue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The word tongue is not used for the anatomical structure alone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For instance, the tongue of the shoe.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104585/BillyBob 63", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The noun lingua is not used (Is it even in an English dictionary?).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's probably been made redundant in the formation of the English language from its ancestors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tongue is always used as the noun, and can mean \"language\" as well, for example mother tongue (the language one learned from one's mother).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, the adjectival form lingual is used, meaning \"related to the tongue\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not common on its own.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Prefixed forms are more common, and can relate to both meanings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sublingual : under the tongue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bilingual : fluent in two languages.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24547/nigel222", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "To my knowledge it is only found (in English) in the expression lingua franca which comes from Italian and refers to a \"common language\" between two or more groups of people. \"Lingua\" itself is Latin, and this root is the basis for several English words like \"language,\" \"linguistics,\" \"bilingual\"; as well as scientific names in anatomy like \"lingual artery.\" Tongue is always used as the noun, and can mean \"language\" as well, for example mother tongue (the language one learned from one's mother", "“Lingua\" is a medical term from Italian and \"tongue\" is the preferred everyday term." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“Lingua\" is a medical term from Italian and \"tongue\" is the preferred everyday term." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "In my experience the verb 'bat' is often used for this:", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat is batting the decorations hanging from the Christmas tree.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bat#Verb : (intransitive) To strike or swipe as though with a bat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat batted at the toy.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As noted by others, pawing is also a descriptive choice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would recommend either verb over punching (typically a more forceful action which I associate more with humans than cats).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/108343/Andy70109", "score": 82 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The first word that came to my mind was swatting .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swat#Verb , with the given example", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat swatted at the feather.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/108346/jigglypuff", "score": 40 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Punching involves bending the arm and striking out forcefully with the closed fist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A cat can't make either of those movements in the way a man would.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A cat playing with a dangling object usually bats it sideways with its paw.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You could simply use pawing .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/104866/Kate Bunting", "score": 31 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One common term for this is batting or batting at .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "When used with a cat (or other animal) this means hitting or tapping at something with the paw.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat is batting at the decorations hanging from the Christmas tree.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Describing a cat as \"batting\" or \"batting at\" another cat or an object means the cat is striking or tapping with its paw, but not so forcefully as to be a violent attack.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It usually suggests curiosity or playfulness rather than hostility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/11195/barbecue", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A very idiomatic way to say this is:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat swiped the object with its paw.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As also used in the example by:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Merriam Webster 1 : a strong sweeping blow //", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a swipe of a paw Although less reliable, a simple search also yields many results showing it in real-life usage:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thanks Google", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Taps", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It might be an internet colloquialism, but I generally see this referred to as taps.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many \"cute cat videos\" describe it as such, and there's even a subreddit devoted specifically to r/CatTaps .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's worth noting that there is a fair amount of connotation depending on what kind of activity the cat (or other animal) is actually doing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tapping Moving the paw towards and away, possibly touching, usually tentative or investigative.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If the tap causes the target to move, might lead to Batting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Batting", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Connecting with a loosely hanging item with each (or most) attempts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Each successful bat sends the item swinging.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Swiping More aggressive, and generally directed at another animal.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Hissing or growling might be involved.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Claws might be out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This might be a followup to successfully batting an item.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pawing", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Generally an attempt to retrieve or receive something such as a partially obscured/covered item, or in/near a food bowl when they're trying to explain to their human that it's dinner time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4887/aslum", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I don't think to punch is the right verb here.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Take a look at its definition from Cambridge dictionary: to punch (verb): to hit forcefully with your fist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She punched him in the face after he called her names.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As cats can't make a fist, I'd advise you not to use it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead, I believe to beat would be a good choice. to beat (verb): to hit repeatedly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The cat is beating the decorations hanging from the Christmas tree.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/87807/krobelusmeetsyndra", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "to slap : to hit someone or something with the flat part of the hand or other flat object", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "https://www.reddit.com/r/CatSlap/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/80769/stackzebra", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I agree with the upvoted answer that batting is the best word.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There is another word that works, though it may be a little too cute.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The word is boop or booping .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's an example from Reddit:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Kitten boops himself\" :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can find many more examples online just searching for \"cat boop.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If cute is what you're going for, it's a fine choice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's not in most dictionaries as it's more of an onomatopoeia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think the meaning is basically thinking of the noise that a button on, say, a cute robot would make.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Often it refers to the cat's nose (since that is button-like), but it is not restricted to noses.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/272/Justin", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Swiping (to swipe), cats swipe at things.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Could also be: Jabbing Pawing Tapping Poking", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/108434/Dominic Ormston", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "nGrams reveals 'batted' to be the verb of choice (of those thus far presented) - but I think what we can conclude is that the reporting of the actions of cats has increased exponentially with the arrival of the internet... https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=cat+swatted%2Ccat+swiped%2Ccat+batted%2C+cat+pawed&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccat%20swatted%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccat%20swiped%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccat%20batted%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccat%20pawed%3B%2Cc0", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/36616/Strawberry", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "In my experience the verb 'bat' is often used for this: Describing a cat as \"batting\" or \"batting at\" another cat or an object means the cat is striking or tapping with its paw, but not so forcefully as to be a violent attack.", "The following verbs may be used: \"bat\", \"swat\", \"paw\", \"taps\", \"swipe\", \"boop\", \"jab\", ‘poke\" or \"slap\". " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following verbs may be used: \"bat\", \"swat\", \"paw\", \"taps\", \"swipe\", \"boop\", \"jab\", ‘poke\" or \"slap\". " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Both phrases are idiomatic but they don't mean the same thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The difference between \"water bottles\" and \"bottles of water\" is the water.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bottles of water have water in them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Water bottles can be empty.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "An empty water bottle is not a bottle of water, though it might be a bottle of air.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24861/Lawrence", "score": 103 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, it's fine in everyday life.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, in this recent headline from Metro, the free London newspaper: Panic buyer screams at Tesco staff for refusing to let him buy 24 bottles of water https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/19/panic-buyer-screams-tesco-staff-refusing-let-buy-24-bottles-water-12424789/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/10161/richardb", "score": 44 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can see the same structure used with all sorts of English phrases,", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "e.g. Bottle of beer vs beer bottle Soda can vs can of soda Packet of crisps vs crisp packet Paint tin vs tin of paint If you say \"water bottle\" you're using \"water\" as an adjective to describe the type of bottle it is — a bottle (usually) used to store water.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "So that could be a branded bottle (e.g. Evian) or a reusable bottle that people refill from a water cooler or tap.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you say \"bottle of water\" you're putting emphasis on the state of things — there is some water in the bottle, (but you're not commenting on the type of bottle).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So you could say:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Can I put cooking oil in a water bottle? — Reddit: /r/NoStupidQuestions", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This person is asking if they can put oil into a disposable bottle normally used for water (water bottle).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If they do, we could say it's a \"bottle of oil\" even though it's in a water bottle :)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19442/anotherdave", "score": 31 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A bottle of water is any bottle that currently contains water.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A water bottle is a bottle designed/intended to hold water .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you get an empty Coke bottle and put water in it, it's a \"bottle of water\" but not a \"water bottle\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Now people do reuse purchased bottles of water and those do get called water bottles, but if you say \"water bottle\" most people will usually think of a product purchased without water, usually made from heavy duty plastic or steel.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Photo by Amraepowell", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/8790/curiousdannii", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A bottle of water is a bottle with water in it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A water bottle is a bottle that is used to hold water whether or not it contains water right now.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This applies to many containers that hold liquids: a teapot, a pot of tea; a paint bucket, a bucket of paint; a wine glass, a glass of wine.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/110585/Roger K Gabrielson", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Agreed with Curiousdanii, but with one clarification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A \"water bottle\" is always a multi-use item, not a single use plastic bottle.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Even when empty or when something else is in it, it's still a \"water bottle\" and is referred to as such.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even is someone refilled a crinkly plastic single use bottle and is using it as a \"water bottle\", it's only obvious if you're pointing to it when you say \"Hand me my water bottle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Otherwise I'd look around for a metal or hard plastic one until they said, \"that one there!\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A plastic bottle of water is usually referred to as \"bottled water\" (at least where I'm from) and is referred to that way \"How much for a bottled water?\", or can be \"How much for a bottle of water?\", but \"How much for the water bottle?\" is almost always said with trepidation referring to an overpriced contraption with special insulation or at least an easy open non-spill top.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/110622/Wayne", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "“Bottle of water” refers to the container and its contents.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "“Water bottle” refers to the container.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4451/MPW", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A water bottle is a bottle for water[1].", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "A bottle of water is water in a bottle.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Bottle bottle bottle bottle bottle. -- [1] But not necessarily containing water.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/110708/onacosmicscale", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Bottles of water have water in them, water bottles can be empty. e.g. Bottle of beer vs beer bottle Soda can vs can of soda Packet of crisps vs crisp packet Paint tin vs tin of paint A bottle of water is any bottle that currently contains water whereas a water bottle is a bottle designed/intended to hold water . If you say \"water bottle\" you're using \"water\" as an adjective to describe the type of bottle it is — a bottle (usually) used to store water. Now people do reuse purchased bottles of water and those do get called water bottles, but if you say \"water bottle\" most people will usually think of a product purchased without water, usually made from heavy duty plastic or steel. ", "Water bottles are generally empty and can contain any fluid. However, bottles of water contain water and are full. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Water bottles are generally empty and can contain any fluid. Bottles of water contain water and are full. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "When in doubt, I find it helpful to simplify the sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Consider these: The conclusion is uncertain.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is final.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is X. Clearly, whatever the conclusion is, it's singular and needs a singular verb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now let's look at what the actual conclusion is: Both are harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Again, clearly, \"both\" refers to two things and thus requires a plural verb, \"are\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You could check that by replacing both: Cigarettes and gun battles are harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Angry dragons and mean dogs are harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now, let's take that last conclusion example --", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is X. -- and replace X with what it actually is:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is [both are harmful].", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you look at it that way, it becomes clear that the sentence as originally written is indeed correct.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My conclusion is that your friends are wrong.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/54582/Roger Sinasohn", "score": 55 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No, no, no.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Send your friends back a grade.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Conclusion is singular.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Use is .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Both is plural.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Use are .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In relative , noun or adverbial clauses we often face these kinds of sentences.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "E.g", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“Who I am is not important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/111986/Cgrhan", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It all depends on the way you define what sentence means in your context.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you mean the string between two periods, then yes, a sentence can have an arbitrary number of conjugated verbs, and hence is and are in one sentence are allowed.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: The weather is fine and all people are happy.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you consider a sentence to be the part containing subject and conjugated verb (or an infinitive sentence), then it is not possible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then, the example above must be considered as two sentences that are contactenated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The example in your question is really a sentence and its subclause - so it is one sentence in the first sense but two sentences in the latter sense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For better readability, there should be a that in between: The conclusion is that both are harmful.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24336/rexkogitans", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You have two ideas together.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One is that the conclusion is right.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other is that both A and B are harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You are putting these into one sentence and finding it troublesome.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You are also rushing by with spoken English and leaving out an implied word that explains things.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is that both are purple.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No reason they can't be used in the same sentence, but for the sentence you provided it's incorrect.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The context of the question is \"can you use both or only one\", so \"both\" is a solution and therefore: \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conclusion is [the use of] both is harmful.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the original sentence, \"The conclusion is both are harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\", this is implying that both words \"is\" and \"are\" are independently harmful, and they are not both harmful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "If you mean the string between two periods, then yes, a sentence can have an arbitrary number of conjugated verbs, and hence is and are in one sentence are allowed . For better readability, there should be a that in between: The conclusion is that both are harmful. ", "“Is\" and \"are\" can be used in the same sentence. However, adding \"that\" may make the sentence clearer." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“Is\" and \"are\" can be used in the same sentence. Adding \"that\" may make the sentence clearer." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "\"It takes\" is an idiom that refers to the skills, character, or other qualities necessary to achieve something.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"It takes a bigger man to walk away from a fight\" means that the man who can walk away from a fight is superior in morals, judgment, intelligence, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/111962/SarahT", "score": 23 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Answering directly your first question: It takes what?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to the Free Dictionary what it takes The necessary expertise or qualities", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She's got", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "what it takes to make a good doctor Inherited wealth is what it takes to maintain that lifestyle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This idiom uses what in the sense of \"that which\" and take in the sense of \"require.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The linked source extracts the text above from The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to the Oxford Dictionary take 7.1 (of a task or situation) need or call for (a particular person or thing)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It will take an electronics expert to dismantle it Notice the distribution of the elements in the example, that match the ones in your question:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It takes - It's required", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An electronics expert / A bigger man", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For what?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To dismantle it /", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To walk away from a fight", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The comparison being made in your sentence, the one that uses \" than \", is between the man who avoids the fight and the one that stays.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The first is bigger morally speaking.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let me rephrase your sentence: A more qualified man (First Man), morally speaking, is required for avoiding a fight than the one (Second Man) that stays.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "First Man is bigger than Second Man.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And last but not least, notice that we are in front of a kind of proverb : a short, well-known pithy saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/48962/RubioRic", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "What the sentence is really saying is, \"A man who refuses to fight is braver than a man who stays and fights.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The sentence structure is the same as \"It takes a hotter furnace to melt iron than it does to melt tin.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In other words, the furnace which is needed in order to melt iron is hotter than the furnace which is needed in order to melt tin.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I admit that the exact phrasing is a little strange.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why would we write something like \"It takes a braver man\" instead of \"It takes more bravery\"?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe there isn't a good reason.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that's the way the saying goes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2020/Tanner Swett", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The meaning of take in the sentence is to require or to need : to need : Parachuting takes a lot of nerve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Transitive verbs take a direct object.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[ + -ing verb ]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "His story took some believing", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(= was difficult to believe).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Big man is an idiom; a big man is exceptionally masculine (usually implied to be tough and strong).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The sentence is saying that, to start a fight, you must be a big, tough, manly man.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The than in the sentence compares the \"big man\" who would start a fight to a \"bigger man\" who has the wisdom to avoid the confrontation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18196/Harrison Paine", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This is actually a normal comparison with than .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The phrase should actually be simplified for understanding the structure:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It takes a bigger man to walk away from a fight than it does to stay and fight", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It takes more now than it took in the past", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In both cases, the structure is roughly: [subject]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[verb]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[object in comparative] than [subject] [verb].", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and it is equivalent to phrases:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He plays football better than I do", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He is taller than me ( = ...than I am )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The only difference is that in our sentence, the comparative does not depend directly from the verb, but rather from a noun and it is that noun that depends from the verb (it is verbal object).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/113544/Eleshar", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "\"It takes a bigger man to walk away from a fight\" means that the man who can walk away from a fight is superior in morals, judgment, intelligence, etc.", "“It takes\" is part of the idiom and refers to the quality required to achieve something. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“It takes\" is part of the idiom and refers to the quality required to achieve something. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "We use \"by\" when we talk about the agent that infects us with the disease.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We use \"with\" when we talk about what we are infected with (i.e., the disease).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Jason's comment and Michael's answer explain this quite well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, there is a distinction between the names of the agent and the disease in regards to COVID-19.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to Mayo Clinic: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak that originated in China.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also see CBC News: What we know (and don't know) about the coronavirus outbreak.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The virus that causes the illness is now known as SARS-CoV-2​​​​. The initial symptoms of the illness, called COVID-19 , are ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, it is SARS-CoV-2​​​​ that infects you with COVID-19.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I should probably point out that this distinction is not something that the average person really pays attention to (or may be even cares about?).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As Kat says in comments, they may even use the terms interchangeably.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/77766/AIQ", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "With HIV / AIDS, HIV is the agent and AIDS is the disease(s), so you would say I was infected by HIV and infected with AIDS.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The difficulty (so far) is that coronavirus is both the agent and the disease.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Perhaps there will be a separation later - maybe coronavirus for the agent / virus and COVID-19 for the disease?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Edit (in response to a comment from Jason Bassford):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jason said the same thing as this at the same time in his comment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/113990/michael", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Since my own comment has gained so much attention in other answers, I thought I'd turn it into an actual answer myself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Prepositions With and By Here are the definitions of the senses of the prepositions in use, per Merriam-Webster: With : 6", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a —used as a function word to indicate the means, cause, agent, or instrumentality hit him with a rock pale with anger threatened with tuberculosis", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "she amused the crowd with his antics By : 4", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a : through the agency (see AGENCY sense 3 ) or instrumentality of //", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a poem written by Keats // death by firing squad // taken by force // happened by luck", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I had used agent in my original comment when describing by ; however, that can get confusing because of the multiple senses of that word.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(And note that the definitions here actually use one sense of agent in association with the definition of with , while agency is used in association with by .)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's perhaps better to express it differently.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you use with , you are talking about an object or effect that is applied as a result of an action.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "→ I was poisoned with arsenic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you use by you are talking about the subject or cause of an action.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "→ I was poisoned by a criminal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Putting the two together: I was poisoned with arsenic by a criminal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Coronavirus Forget the technical distinction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let's just assume that when people talk about the coronovirus they are talking about a single thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Going back to the difference between with and by .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Statement:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"I was poisoned with arsenic by a criminal.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Question and answer: \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Who or what poisoned you?\" \"A criminal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"What type of poison was it?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"Arsenic.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But coronavirus actually does double duty, playing both semantic roles at the same time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Statement:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"I was infected with the coronavirus by the coronavirus.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Question and answer: \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Who or what infected you?\" \"The coronavirus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"What type of infection was it?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"The coronavirus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that both of these are grammatical:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I was infected with the coronavirus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I was infected by the coronavirus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even though the nature of the word coronavirus allows the sentences to often be used interchangeably, there is still a subtle difference between the two upon careful analysis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/73781/Jason Bassford", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One more distinction in use: in addition to referring to the contagion itself, infected by in the passive voice could refer more broadly to how the person was infected.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Infected by means of (something).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This secondary meaning isn't there for infected with .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Julie hadn't left her house for weeks, but was infected by her boyfriend who was an \"essential worker\" at the local supermarket.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The lab researcher always took extreme care when drawing samples from the test subjects, but was infected by a needle accidentally dropped by her lab assistant.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/40004/BradC", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Over 200,000 people infected by coronavirus worldwide", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is just passive voice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To make sense of it, flip it around:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Coronavirus infected over 200,000 people worldwide", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, once coronavirus infected these people, they had coronavirus; you can now say they were infected with a virus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think Jason Bassford's comment is a perfect explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95947/Cranberry48", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "We use \"by\" when we talk about the agent that infects us with the disease and we use \"with\" when we talk about what we are infected with (i.e., the disease). With HIV / AIDS, HIV is the agent and AIDS is the disease(s), so you would say I was infected by HIV and infected with AIDS. When you use with , you are talking about an object or effect that is applied as a result of an action but when you use by you are talking about the subject or cause of an action.", "“By\" refers to the cause in this context and \"with\" refers to the disease in this context. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“By\" refers to the cause in this context. \"With\" refers to the disease in this context. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes it is allowed , it can be used to add more specific attention to one specific area of New York City that has been affected.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Say you were writing about COVID-19 and theatres in New York.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That sentence would be perfect to show specifically how COVID-19 has impacted theatres.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/109564/Daniil", "score": 21 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The sentence is both grammatical and acceptable.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I agree that it may seem redundant without context.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If New York City was plagued, so (presumably) were New York City's theaters, pizza parlors, offices, recreation centres, brothels, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, if the article is specifically about theaters in NYC, it adds focus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It specifies that we are not analyzing the effect of COVID-19 on all of New York City.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is the theaters that are relevant to the article.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hope this helps!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/113846/Micah Windsor", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you just say, \"COVID-19 plagued New York City,\" then maybe all the theaters were okay.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(It's extremely unlikely, but possible.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe they were okay, and maybe they were plagued.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That sentence doesn't tell you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It just tells you that the city was plagued, but it doesn't tell you which part or parts of the city.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However if you say, \"COVID-19 plagued New York City and its many theaters,\" then theaters definitely were plagued.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, let's look at another sentence:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The theaters in New York City were plagued, and in New York City, the theaters were plagued.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This sentence is bad style.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is very redundant.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It sounds kind of stupid.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However English grammar does allow this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is not a grammatical problem, but a problem with style.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4427/Panzercrisis", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Geographically, the theaters might be considered part of the city, but in pure logic they are not (and you're talking about logic).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Compare with \"Gun crime plagues New York City\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You're making an inference that a disease that plagues the city also plagues its theaters, and you're treating the statement as redundant because you think the reader is capable of making the same inference.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You might be right; but it's an inference that requires knowledge of how diseases work, rather than relying on pure logic.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9574/Michael Kay", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are a few things to consider here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Firstly, grammar doesn't generally concern itself with the meaning of a sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is a famous example by Noam Chomsky of a sentence which is grammatically correct , but nonetheless nonsensical in multiple ways: colorless green ideas sleep furiously .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the sentence you give is grammatically correct because it is of the form \"[noun phrase] plagued [noun phrase] and [noun phrase]\", which is allowed by the grammar of English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Secondly, being redundant doesn't make something nonsensical .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nonsense would imply that the two parts of the sentence contradict each other, not just that one of them was unnecessary.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "So the sentence is not nonsensical either.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thirdly, if a sentence is technically redundant , that doesn't necessarily mean it is bad style .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Repetition and redundancy are often used as literary or rhetorical devices, e.g. to emphasise a point.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In this example, it is used to establish context, first to the city, and then to \"zoom in\" to the city's theaters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally, it's worth knowing that the specific structure used in this example, \"X and its Y\", is very common, and \"[city] and its many [item]s\" is almost a cliché in its own right.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9488/IMSoP", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This is not redundant.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You might think it is obvious since New York City has many theaters that they were also plagued by COVID-19, but this assumes something about the nature of theaters and of COVID-19.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "To see that it is not redundant, compare the following ostensibly similar (but false) statement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "COVID-19", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "plagued New York City and its many lampposts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, as others have said, even if it were logically redundant it would not be ungrammatical and might be a useful way of adding emphasis.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/37000/Especially Lime", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As a point of contrast to other answers, I might point out that while English is pretty flexible in this case, the OP has a point that a strict reading may not understand elaboration or redundancy, but can imply a relationship between the theaters and, in this case, being \"plagued\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "So while the other answers are reasonable that a native speaker might comfortably read the sentence as meaning \"including\" : COVID-19", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "plagued New York City and its many theaters. ==", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ">", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "COVID-19", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "plagued New York City, including its many theaters. .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ". . I would agree that if we had such a sentence about an unfamiliar subject, a native speaker might well take the sentence to imply \"because of\" : Bedbugs infested Gotham City and its many cramped high-rises. ==", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "> Bedbugs infested Gotham City (at least in part) because of its many cramped high-rises.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/8696/Mike M", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I don't think it breaks any grammar rules, not even rules of logic (where \"A and A\" is a correct expression).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, most people would hopefully agree that there are better ways to imply that theatres had a significant role to play in this case.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would suggest COVID-19", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "plagued New York City with its many theaters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/114397/BotReply", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I think it makes sense if you add an implied word, \"hence\" COVID-19 plagued New York City and [hence, ] its many theaters.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you just said \"COVID-19 plagued New York City's theaters\", the audience would be wondering why just the theaters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a convenient way to get to the point you're trying to make (\"theaters were affected\") by starting from a fact (\"New York City was affected\"), with the link between them being so obvious (New York's theaters are in New York) that it's not worth spending any words on.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5162/Steve Bennett", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Yes it is allowed , it can be used to add more specific attention to one specific area of New York City that has been affected. Repetition and redundancy are often used as literary or rhetorical devices, e.g. to emphasise a point.", "The sentence maybe bad style but it is both grammatical and logical. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The sentence maybe bad style but it is both grammatical and logical. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Either of the ways that you show, but if you are spelling them as they are said, this is consistent: \"zero point one percent\" (written 0.1%) \"one thousandth\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(written 1/1000 or 0.001)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can also say \"one part per thousand\" (1 PPT).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/109772/Jack O'Flaherty", "score": 29 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you want a term similar to percent, but ten times smaller, it's per mille , denoted by ‰ sign.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, 0.1%=1‰.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4732/Ruslan", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This question is part math, part language and part pronunciation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can say (pronounce) any of the following, because they are mathematically the same: A thousandth", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One one-thousandth One out of a thousand .1 percent (\"point one percent\" or \"one one-tenth of a percent\") per thousand or one per thousand Others have mentioned 'per mille.'", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "That is not used in American English in my experience; it's based on French 'mille' meaning 'one thousand' (1,000).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/28413/user8356", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "That's a thousandth of something.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/8254/Mohamed Hamza", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"1/100\" is not one percent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's, one over one hundred .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"1⁄1000\" is, one over one thousand.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Your question is, how do you say \" .001 \" and your second offering is correct : one thousandth .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can also say, point zero zero one . \"0.1%\" you can omit the zero and just say, point one percent .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can't say \"one part per thousand\" because we don't have the context of there being \"parts\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Mathematical formulas can be vocalized (spoken aloud).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The vocalization system for formulas has to be learned, and is dependent on the underlying natural language.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, when using English, the expression \"ƒ(x)\" is conventionally pronounced \"eff of eks\", where the insertion of the preposition \"of\" is not suggested by the notation per se.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The expression \" d y d x {\\displaystyle {\\tfrac {dy}{dx}}} \\tfrac{dy}{dx}\", on the other hand, is commonly vocalized like \"dee-why-dee-eks\", with complete omission of the fraction bar, in other contexts often pronounced \"over\" .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The book title", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why does E = mc2?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "is said aloud as Why does ee equal em see-squared?.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "–", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Language of mathematics", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5117/Mazura", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As a fraction, other answers have cover that well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When one want to express “1⁄1000” like some percentage, one could say as below and even write using a single Unicode character.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Write as 0.1% and say \"one tenth (of a) percent\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Below are useful in select conversations - uncommon in general) Write as 1‰ and say \"one per mille\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Write as 10‱ and say \"ten per ten thousand\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hmmm, too much like @Ruslan good answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Making it wiki.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/32004/chux - Reinstate Monica", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "An informal way to say it is \"One in a thousand\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This kind of speech implies that it is either an estimate or intended as an exaggeration.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For a more exact number like 42/1000, \"fourty-two out of a thousand\" might be interpreted by the listener to be less precise than \"fourty-two one-thousandths\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115507/Greg", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Speaking, I would say 'a thousandth' or 'a tenth of a percent'.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Using 'a' rather than 'one' in saying it seems nicer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Further, in exposition, 'a' is an indefinite article, which indicates the speaker does not know the identity of the noun, in this case the thousandth in particular.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you were speaking of a particular thousandth, perhaps the weight of sand which broke the camel's back then we would want to indicate we know that particular unit by using the definite article 'the' to say 'the thousandth pound of sand that broke the camel's back'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally, if the unit of measure is the inch, a thousandth may be referred to as 'a thou' or 'a mil'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115630/Tim Rykken", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Speaking, I would say 'a thousandth' or 'a tenth of a percent'. : You can also say \"one part per thousand\" (1 PPT) or you can say (pronounce) any of the following, because they are mathematically the same: A thousandth ", "The following options are possible: \"a thousandth\", \"one in a thousand\", \"one out of a thousand\" and \"one part per thousand\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following options are possible: \"a thousandth\", \"one in a thousand\", \"one out of a thousand\" and \"one part per thousand\"." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Articles belong to a group of words called \" determiners \".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Besides articles, there are other determiners in the English language, and \"no\" is a determiner too.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let me quote from BBC: No is a determiner expressing quantity like 'all', 'every', 'many', 'some', 'any', 'each', 'either', 'one', 'another' and is used before singular and plural nouns.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is similar in meaning to ' not a ' or 'not any' and is often our preferred choice if we want to give emphasis to what we are saying.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A singular countable noun like car should have some determiner before it, and no suits the purpose.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No additional determiner is required.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Indeed, in some cases we do combine not with a", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", I'm not sure what the grammar says about this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"I have not a car\" sound quaint and wrong in modern English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe several hundred years ago it was more acceptable?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In certain constructions not a + singular count noun certainly remains in use: Not a shirt on my back, Not a penny to my name, Lord, I can't go back home this way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(\" 500 miles \", a song)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't recall the rule explaining this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2127/CowperKettle", "score": 34 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"A\" is like saying \"one\": I have a car", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have one car Logically then, saying \"no\" is like saying \"zero\": I have no car", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I have zero cars.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Therefore, there is no need for an article.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Not\" is neither a determiner nor an article, so saying \"I haven't a car\" is fine as it is (although one is more likely to say \"I don't have a car\" or, for Americans, \"I haven't got a car\").", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 32 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The indefinite article a/an historically originates simply as an unstressed version of the numeral one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some linguists have even argued that semantically, what is called the \"indefinite article\" is still just a specialized numeral.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And the \"negative quantifiers\" none and no historically originate from fusion of a negative adverb ne (not used anymore as an independent word) and the numeral one (or indefinite article a/an ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The n sound at the end was lost when a following noun was present, as with the word mine/my.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is no article after", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "no", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "in I have no car because in syntax, no behaves like it contains the indefinite article already.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18197/sumelic", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In British English, \"I haven't got a car\" is common usage (Americans would be more likely to say \"I don't have a car\").", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"I have no car\" is also quite acceptable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why doesn't \"I have not", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "a car\" work?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's confused by the fact that \"have\" is used as both as an auxiliary verb (\"I have seen her\") and to mean \"own\" or \"possess\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(\"I have a car\").", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the negative \"have not\", is only ever used as an auxiliary.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In any case, we don't normally negate a verb by adding \"not\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We don't say \"I walk not to work\": it's clear what it means, but it's not idiomatic; we say instead \"I don't walk to work\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for the absence of an article, in the sentence \"I have no car\", the word \"no\" is essentially performing the same grammatical function as \"a\" in \"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I have a car\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"a\" means one,", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"no\" means zero, you don't want to say \"one\" and \"zero\" because they contradict each other.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But perhaps I'm appealing too much to logic; idioms often defy logic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Afterthought :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "what about \" I haven't a clue. \"?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not to mention \" I haven't the faintest idea. \"?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think we just have to dismiss those as irregular.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95723/Michael Kay", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have no car.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[no ---> adjective]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have no a car.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "✖", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[Two determiners : 'no' & 'a' cannot be used together.]", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I have not a car.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't have a car.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I haven't got a car.[not ---> adverb]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/114137/Sandip Kumar Mandal", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"I have no car\" is more likely to be used to negate an unjustified assumption, such as \"Do you drive a 4x4?\", or \"Would you drive me to the airport?\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/106435/Paul_Pedant", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "In I have no car , because in syntax, no behaves like it contains the indefinite article already. Two determiners : 'no' & 'a' cannot be used together.", "Two determiners are never used together as an additional determiner is not required." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Two determiners are never used together as an additional determiner is not required." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "2x4 would be said: \"Two by Four\" https://www.thespruce.com/dimensional-lumber-definition-1821735", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115820/bhundven", "score": 55 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To add to bhundven's excellent and correct answer, the word \"by\" is spoken in English in other contexts when the \"x\" is written.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For instance, you may hear of a 6x6 maze (\"six by six maze\"), or a 4x4 magic square (\"four by four magic square\"), or a room measuring 12 feet x 10 feet (\"twelve feet by ten feet\").", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(There's also a class of sport utility vehicle called a 4x4 [\"four by four\"] because it has four wheels and four-wheel drive.)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115842/Wastrel", "score": 42 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "x , Symbol.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "5: (used between figures indicating dimensions) by : 3″ × 4″ (read: “three by four inches”); 3″ × 4″ × 5″", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(read: “three by four by five inches”). –", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "https://www.dictionary.com/browse/x See also, display resolution (e.g. 1920 × 1080) Geometric dimension of an object, such as noting that a room is 10 feet × 12 feet in area, where it is usually read as \"by\" (for example: \"10 feet by 12 feet\")", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The lower-case Latin letter x is sometimes used in place of the multiplication sign.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is considered incorrect in mathematical writing {because you're supposed to use a Unicode glyph }.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "– Multiplication sign", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5117/Mazura", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I am a carpenter by trade and you would say 2 by 4 - in the old days the 2x4 would actually be 2\" x 4\" because they did not plane anything - now they plane the wood to 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 so basically they still hang onto the original size", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115870/Norm", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is pronounced \"two by four\" or \"tuba four\" as supercat suggested; I think I say it both ways myself.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "@Mazura is correct about the actual size which probably results from the line upon which the saw blade centers, two inches in one direction and four inches in the other.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The blade obviously is wider than the line, which means the actual dimension is less than what is stated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I agree that is somewhat annoying.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, we Americans still surprisingly cling to the English system of measurement, which they have abandoned.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Personally, I prefer metric.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/115847/M. W.", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " The word \"by\" is spoken in English in other contexts when the \"x\" is written. For instance, you may hear of a 6x6 maze (\"six by six maze\"), or a 4x4 magic square (\"four by four magic square\"), or a room measuring 12 feet x 10 feet (\"twelve feet by ten feet\"). There's also a class of sport utility vehicle called a 4x4 [\"four by four\"] because it has four wheels and four-wheel drive.", "In this sentence, the \"x\" stands for \"by\" but it can also represent the multiplication sign." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "In this sentence, the \"x\" stands for \"by\" but it can also represent the multiplication sign." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The yellow squared are \"adjacent\" to the red square.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "From: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjacent Definition of adjacent1a:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "not distant : NEARBY the city and adjacent suburbsb: having a common endpoint or border adjacent lots adjacent sides of a trianglec: immediately preceding or following In this case \"b\" is the relevant definition, \"having a common endpoint or border\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/94904/jwh20", "score": 29 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In this particular case, I would probably say, \"The classmate who's bullying Mark must be sitting in one of the four adjacent seats.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Saying \"the four adjacent seats\" makes the sentence unambiguous, and it avoids using the word \"orthogonally\", which is a technical term that I wouldn't expect every native speaker to know.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2020/Tanner Swett", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "They are orthogonally adjacent to the red square.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The green squares at the corners of the red square are diagonally adjacent .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/164704/is-there-one-word-for-both-horizontal-or-vertical-but-not-diagonal-adjacency/164759", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you want to be very general and elicit a subsequent barrage of clarifying questions from your intended audience about the inclusion of the diagonally adjacent squares, you could say they border or are adjacent to the red square.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/36224/EllieK", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You could use a number of words including: adjacent", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "surrounding Adjacent would be my preference - note that the word has a more specific meaning in mathematics, but in English grammar can mean \"next to\" in any direction , including to the sides, in front or behind.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "On its own, \"next to\" does tend to mean to the left or right sides.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Your suggestion of \"encircling\" doesn't sound quite right as the pattern of the chairs in your image is not a circle, which is is what it specifically means - to form a circle around.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Surrounding\" is synonymous with \"encircling\", but does not specifically mean the shape of a circle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"One seat away from Mark\" also identifies the seats on each side, and in front and back.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It does not exclude the diagonally adjacent seats.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/28413/user8356", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Nobody has come out and said it yet, so I will.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's nothing whatsoever wrong with \"next\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The classmate who's bullying Mark must be sitting next to him.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is perfectly normal, acceptable, every-day English that will be perfectly understood and will not seem awkward or weird at all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It applies perfectly well to the seats ahead and behind as much as it does to the ones to the sides.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Without the drawing, a speaker may also consider the four corner desks also to be \"next\" to the central one, but this is not really important.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I think the rest of the answers here are making this much more complicated than it needs to be.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/8589/J...", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Immediate You could say that those positions are immediately surrounding the central point If we look at the definitions for \" Immediate \", we can see: Having no object or space intervening; nearest or next and Having a direct bearing", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This becomes more clear if we remove the space from between the objects in the image.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The green objects are obstructing the yellow objects.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In other words, there is no direct, unobstructed path from the red square to any of the yellow ones.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/117619/AlgoRythm", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another term would be \" contiguous \": Definition of contiguous 1: being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point \"the 48 contiguous states\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/81057/Codex24", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ " You could use a number of words including: adjacent, surrounding Adjacent would be my preference - note that the word has a more specific meaning in mathematics, but in English grammar can mean \"next to\" in any direction , including to the sides, in front or behind.", "The following are all suitable options: \"contiguous\", \"next to\", \"immediately surrounding\", \"adjacent\", \"orthogonally adjacent\", \"diagonally adjacent\", \"border\" — \"encircle\" is a less likely option. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following are all suitable options: \"contiguous\", \"next to\", \"immediately surrounding\", \"adjacent\", \"orthogonally adjacent\", \"diagonally adjacent\", \"border\" — \"encircle\" is a less likely option. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "When hosting a dinner party you pour drinks for your guests.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "After your guests leave, you pour out the liquid in the drinking glasses before placing them in the dishwasher.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour drinks generally means to fill up the glass.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour out drinks generally means to empty unconsumed liquid from drinking glasses.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One would not say pour out drinks if they were filling glasses.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Serve out is not something that is said.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/36224/EllieK", "score": 37 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's the same concept as the difference between throw and throw out :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I threw the ball.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ball went through the air and is now some distance from me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I threw out the ball.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ball is now in the trash.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour out typically means you are discarding a liquid, typically by pouring it down the drain or on the ground.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour out can also less commonly be used to mean \"pour as part of preparation\", e.g. Pour out six cups of sugar for the cakes .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/5144/LawrenceC", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As a NZ English speaker, I'd understand \"pour out\" to mean \"tip out\" or \"dispose of\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "But there's a less common meaning where staff or hosts \"pour out\" drinks and line them up for collection.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: Confusing?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes, but the circumstances should tell you what is meant.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/25327/Criggie", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "She poured out the drinks for her guests", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She poured drinks for her guests", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In that example above, both versions make perfect sense and mean that drinks were served.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note the article “the“ which precedes \"drinks\" in the first version.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Under “pour”, Lexico's entry says pour 1.1 [with object and adverbial of direction] Cause (a liquid) to flow from a container in a steady stream.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "‘she poured a little whisky into a glass’ ‘Mats are provided, food is served upon plates and drink is poured into cups.’", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "1.2 [with object] Prepare and serve (a drink) ‘he poured a cup of coffee’ ‘", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Harry poured her a drink’ ‘Guests poured their own drinks, wrote their own bills and enjoyed great food and live jazz sessions.’", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Googling “pour out the drinks”, produced the following quotes: 1.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then, sit back, pour out the drinks, and sample the delights of Tapas - Spanish-style.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Quick and Easy Tapas by Silvana Franco", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a Tweet by the makers of Heineken, 2.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Half time!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let's pour out the drinks and get ready to", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "#ChampionTheMatch #MCFCB From a book entitled Barcraft: Bar and Alcoholic Beverage Service […] a round of drinks to be repeated, always check that you have remembered it correctly or ask for the order to be repeated before you start to pour out the drinks .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As you poured out the drinks for me I felt your hooks sink right into me", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And I knew you were my destiny Already Over Me composed by Keith Richards and Mick Jagger", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bill had poured out the drinks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“That's an awfully big shot,” Nick said.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“Not for us, Wemedge,” Bill said.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“What'll we drink to?”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nick asked, holding up the glass.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Three Day Blow by Ernest Hemingway", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She looked at him curiously before smiling and pouring out the drinks .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“Can I have five tequila shots as well,” Simon then added, in a deadpan voice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Baring", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All Down Under: The East Coast Road Trip While he was pouring out the drinks, he spoke to him.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“I hope you don't think I'm rude for asking, but do you come from West Africa?'", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Valley of Diamonds “pouring out glasses” reveals Behind the counter, two waiters with a piece of chalk behind their ear were busy pouring out glasses of wine from the neighboring wineries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The bars are full of people drinking what can only be described as the worst beer to hit the taps since people started pouring out glasses of Bud Light in 1876.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tired of wasting your time on pouring out glasses of water again and again?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That first year, Logan and I raised $600 pouring out glasses of lemonade to thirsty ministers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“poured the [something] out” When we opened the flask and poured the drinks out", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "they were still ice cold, as if they had just been pulled out of the fridge!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Using a tap the employee poured the wine out of a tap from a keg and into a growler, which Clements thought was a pretty cool concept.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" I immediately took up the decanter (which was on the table,) in my right hand, and the glass in my left - I poured the wine out , and handed it over to him, keeping my eye on the glass to avoid spilling it; he had approached nearer the table and nearer to me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I was leaning over the table, handing the glass towards him; \"You couldn't have poured the beer out of the glass faster than he drank it.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In none of the cited examples above does “pour out”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "mean to throw away liquid or to pay homage to a dead person.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's all about context.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "English is a very flexible language and the OP, and other learners too, need to realise there is rarely one ‘correct’ way to express anything, there can be several different ways of saying the same thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1694/Mari-Lou A", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would say that 'pour drinks' and 'pour out' have slightly different usages. '", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour drinks' has a more specific sense of serving somebody a beverage by pouring a drink into their glass. '", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Pour out' is a more generic phrase for pouring any liquid out of a container.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is often seen in the form 'pour ... out'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Examples: Please pour drinks for the guests every 20 minutes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I poured the paint out into the tray and prepared the brush.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/85045/kandyman", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In addition to all of these good answers I have noticed the term \" pour one out for XXX \" in a lot of American movies, where a toast is made to a dead person, sometimes accompanied with pouring a drink onto the ground and/or grave of a deceased person.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't recall where I heard it, but you can see it in Grosse Pointe Blank, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118142/IcarusTyler", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "When hosting a dinner party you pour drinks for your guests. Pour out drinks generally means to empty unconsumed liquid from drinking glasses. One would not say pour out drinks if they were filling glasses. Pour out can also less commonly be used to mean \"pour as part of preparation\", e.g. Pour out six cups of sugar for the cakes .", "“Pour\" means \"to pour the drinks into a container\". \"Pour out\" means \"to discard\"." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“Pour\" means \"to pour the drinks into a container\". \"Pour out\" means \"to discard\". \"Pour out\" is less commonly used to mean \"pour\" in this context." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I think the word \"just\" here means something like \"simply\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The shirt is saying something like, \"This is a simple situation and you must follow this simple instruction:", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "do not disturb me.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are no exceptions to this rule.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't ask me why.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Simply do not disturb me.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/2020/Tanner Swett", "score": 59 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Just don't\" is often used as a response to the question (or some variation of) \"Why not?\":", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Don't touch that Kid:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why not?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Just don't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In your example, they're shutting down the question", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Why can't I disturb you?\", \"What are you doing?\",", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "etc.. before you have the chance to ask it, implying they are expecting you to ask it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Don't touch that Kid: - Dad", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": Just don't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's quite common, so much so that it has made it's way into one-way conversation for comedic effect, hence the t-shirt print.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118239/George", "score": 22 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Just , in this context, is more of an indication that there may be repercussions if you do not heed the previous warning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is almost like saying “Don’t disturb me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, else!”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is almost, but not quite, a veiled threat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/117795/Dean F.", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I vaguely suspect this is a pun of sorts on the Nike slogan \"Just do it\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since in the context of Nike's advertising \"just do it\" means \"do it without even thinking about it\", the opposite phrase \"just don't\" would mean \"don't even think about doing it\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19876/Eike Pierstorff", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It means \"only\" or \"simply\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, the context is important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here is a typical case where an imperative sentence is used with \"just\": Dad: Jimmy, mow the lawn.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But daaaaaaaaaaad, I don't want to mow the lawn!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll get ice cream if you mow the lawn.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But I'm playing a game!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Mow the lawn now or I'll give you time out!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No! Please don't!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Stop complaining and just mow the lawn!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this argument, it means: The only thing you should do is mow the lawn.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You should not complain, or argue, or do anything else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously, it also conveys anger or frustration.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Compare with a more common use of \"just\": Do you want ketchup or mayo or garlic yoghurt?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just ketchup, thanks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here it means: The only thing I want is ketchup.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I do not want mayo, or garlic yoghurt, or anything else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the argument context, it can also be seen as \"simply\". \"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Simply mow the lawn, without extra complications like complaining or arguing.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The shirt is similar to the argument, except much shorter, and perhaps with less anger and more frustration.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad: Don't open the door.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But daaaad, I want to play outside!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dad", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": Just don't open it!", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Mad scientist: Don't press the button.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it's shiny and red!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I want to press it!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Mad scientist: Just don't press it!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, nobody is complaining about being told \"do not disturb\" - obviously, since it's a T-shirt and not a two-way conversation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The writer is acting as if someone did, anyway.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's like a pre-emptive answer, because the writer is feeling especially frustrated and is expecting someone to complain: Mom: Don't eat the cookies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just don't!", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jimmy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But - Mom", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": I said, \"just don't!\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Last time you ate all the cookies and we had to cancel the family picnic!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/26915/user253751", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Like @tanner-swett's answer, I believe \"just\" should be interpreted to mean \"simply\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But here's a bit more of an unpack: \"Do not disturb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just don't.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I want you to refrain from disturbing me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I want this very very much.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No matter what the situation may be, no matter who is in peril or what has happened, do not disturb me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You do not need to think about anything else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The order is simple.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is three words.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You do not need to make it more complicated than that by trying to think of an exception.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Simply this: do not disturb.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/10015/Ross Presser", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Without Further Explanation", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Aside from the other answers suggesting \"Simply\" and \"Only\" as possible synonyms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this sort of context, the word Just is being used to emphasise that there will be no justification or explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An authority figure saying \"Just do it\" is allowing no argument.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the context of the T-shirt, they're saying not to bother them, and that they don't want to explain what will happen if you do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In sentences like this, the phrase is usually fully functional without the word \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just\"It's similar to spelling out the word \"Period\" on the end of a sentence to emphasise it and indicate that there's nothing more to say.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"I will not stand for this nonsense!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you're wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Period!\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Do not Disturb.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't\" It short-circuits the following question", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", someone asking why they shouldn't disturb you, by preemptively answering it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/74520/Ruadhan2300", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Just\" here has the meaning \"only\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As the previous statement was an order it is saying that that the requirement is to obey the order without doing anything else (like discussion, delay, etc).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/116305/Peter", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It can simply mean no reasons for not disturbing will be given, and you are expected to take the imperative utterance to be sufficient with no further justification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/46779/Michael Hardy", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Here, the word \"just\" means something like \"simply\". There are no exceptions to this rule.", "It means \"only\" or even \"simply\"" ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "It means \"only\" or even \"simply\"" ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, your sentence is correct.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "How can a single photon be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The indefinite article \"a\" tells me you want to know how to detect a photon, any photon, not a specific one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you wanted to detect a specific photon, you would have used the definite article \"the.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The word \"single\" tells me you want to know how to detect only one photon, not more than one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus, you can see that both the words \"a\" and \"single\" are needed to clearly state your question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/110641/Sarah Bowman", "score": 28 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To repeat what the other answers have already said, yes, your example sentence is perfectly grammatical and idiomatic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For that matter, so are all of these sentences as well:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can one single photon be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can the single photon [emitted by some specific source] be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can single photons be detected? or even:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can two single photons be detected [by the same detector]?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"A\" in English is an indefinite article — basically an obligatory feature of English grammar that carries very little meaning , other than signifying that the following noun phrase refers to some single but indeterminate thing whose identity is not assumed to be known by the reader.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In English, noun phrases involving singular countable nouns", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "must (almost) always start with a determiner .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While there are many such determiners (such as numerals, demonstratives, possessives, interrogatives, etc.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "with different meanings, the definite article \"the\" and the indefinite article \"a\" / \"an\" serve as generic neutral determiners that can (and usually must!) be used when no other determiner is appropriate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Single\", meanwhile, is an adjective that refers to something being or occurring alone, apart from other similar things or events.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is not a determiner, so e.g.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*\"single photon\" is not a complete English noun phrase — it needs a determiner like \" a single photon\", \" the single photon\", \" this single photon\" or even \" no single photon\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The adjective \"single\" can also be applied to plural nouns, as in \"single photons\", to signify that all of the many things being referred to are distinct and separated from each other.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus, for example, A single-photon detector can detect single photons and send a signal when each one is detected, allowing the number of photons received by the detector to be counted. is a perfectly idiomatic (and factual!)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "English sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Basically, the words \"a\" and \"single\" in the phrase \"a single photon\" have completely different grammatical roles, and also quite little semantic overlap.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The article \"a\" cannot be removed from the phrase at all without making it ungrammatical, unless it is replaced by some other determiner (or unless the phrase is made plural instead).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Meanwhile, the adjective \"single\" serves to emphasize that the photon is to be detected in isolation, separately from other photons, and removing it would change the meaning of the sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In particular, a valid answer to the question: How can a photon be detected? would simply be \"with any camera, or with the human eye; they all detect light, which is made up of photons.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that's clearly not the question you wanted to ask.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/498/Ilmari Karonen", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Short answer:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You COULD say simply, \"Can a photon be detected?\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But adding the word \"single\" makes it clear that you are talking about detecting just one proton.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One could argue that this is redundant, as the word \"a\" already indicates you are talking about only one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But not all redundancy is bad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sometimes it's very helpful for emphasis or to make the meaning clear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/803/Jay", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Your question sentence: How can a single photon be detected? looks good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you use a singular countable none first time or in general you should use article \"a\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And it does not interferes with \"single\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I totally agree with Jay - your construction \"a single photon\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "makes the meaning clear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118423/Proxyma", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "We cannot remove the article a : *How can single photon be detected? is not grammatical.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The a is required grammatically regardless of the semantic overlap between a and single .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What is not grammatical is using both a and a number, such as one : *", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can a one photon be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You might be thinking that since this is faulty, substituting single for one should still be faulty.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But single is not in the same special lexical category as one .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, it doesn't always mean the same thing: it means one in not a single man came forward , but it means unmarried in he remained a single man all his life .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "single is not an indicator of plurality; it's an adjective.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that single photons is grammatical, just like single women .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But one photons and one women isn't!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can single photons be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How can one photons be detected?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/197/Kaz", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*A single tree gave shade from the sun.---Longman*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They won the game by a single point.----Longman**We ought to be able to complete the work in a single day.--Macmillan", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/99776/jeepers", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "The article \"a\" cannot be removed from the phrase at all without making it ungrammatical, unless it is replaced by some other determiner (or unless the phrase is made plural instead). ", "“a\" and \"single\" can be used together and would be ungrammatical without both." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“a\" and \"single\" can be used together and would be ungrammatical without both." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "proverbial = goes beyond its first meaning Merriam Webster: Definition of proverbial1: of, relating to, or resembling a proverb2: that has become a proverb or byword : commonly spoken of the proverbial smoking gun aka well-known or familiar, too.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No, there is no specific \"proverb\" associated with the middle finger.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, the middle finger gesture as an insult is well known.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is expressed as: to give someone the finger.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/33113/Lambie", "score": 29 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Isn't it more suitable to say:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We've given the figurative/metaphoric middle finger to the society?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's exactly the meaning of the phrase, yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Typically 'proverbial' in this sense is used to refer to an actual well-known proverb or idiom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The M-W definition 1: of, relating to, or resembling a proverb2: that has become a proverb or byword : commonly spoken of Gives a great example: 'the proverbial smoking gun'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This doesn't refer to any actual proverb, rather, the well-known idiom 'smoking gun'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The usage in your example is odd in that they use 'proverbial' to refer neither to a specific proverb nor to a common idiomatic expression.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd almost go so far as to call it wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118634/Alex M", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You could certainly replace proverbial in the original sentence with metaphorical or figurative and preserve most of the meaning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Use of \"proverbial\" here does two things though - as well as signifying the sentence isn't meant literally, it's also calling out the fact that \"giving someone the (middle) finger\" is a colloquial phrase that is often used non-literally like this.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118661/rorold", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A proverb is an idiom, metaphor, or witty saying that is well known and in general use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, The Book of Proverbs is a collection of common sense wisdom and advice located in the Bible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The middle finger in the US and some other countries is a well known and commonly used (amongst some) obscene gesture meant as a pro-verb meant to silently replace the verb-like, action phrase, “GO FORNICATE YOURSELF!!”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is synonymous to placing the thumb between the middle and the ring finger in some countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, giving the peace sign (index and middle finger extended only) with the back of the hand facing the intended recipient.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, thrusting the fist upward and stopping the motion with the opposite hand against the inside of the elbow.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the middle finger is well known and in general use, it is proverbial.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/117795/Dean F.", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In this example, the choice of \"proverbial\" seems to employ irony - there are no proverbs (to my knowledge) that refer to the rude hand gesture in question, and it gives the quote a dark humor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Figurative\" or \"metaphorical\" would be a more literal choice, but would remove the ironic flavor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Per M-W , \"proverbial\" doesn't necessarily need to be used to refer to a term's use in a proverb; it can also be used to refer to use in an idiom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118578/James M", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is to be dramatic One way to say it would be: After careful analysis and consideration of all the various factors involved we have agreed to come to the general conclusion that we do not think there is reasonable merit to the idea.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "eh It reads better ( to some ) and has more effect (again to some ) as", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We gave it the proverbial middle finger !!! because of the terseness and also the image and subsequent thoughts it brings up - ('f' you, 'screw you'", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "is the language behind middle finger often.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The appropriateness of it will depend on the social scene and settings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe ok for a night out party.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "less so for a work meeting ;)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4717/Michael Durrant", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The speaker wants to indicate that they are conscious that \"giving the middle finger to the society\" is a somewhat cliched figure of speech.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Adding \"proverbial\" to \"middle finger\" is just an arch way to acknowledge that it's a somewhat shopworn expression.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Proverbial\" here means something closer to \"hackneyed\", rather than that there is a literal proverb about giving people the middle finger.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The association comes from the fact that many proverbs become trite through overuse.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118058/Rivers McForge", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Use of \"proverbial\" here does two things though - as well as signifying the sentence isn't meant literally, it's also calling out the fact that \"giving someone the (middle) finger\" is a colloquial phrase that is often used non-literally like this. Adding \"proverbial\" to \"middle finger\" is just an arch way to acknowledge that it's a somewhat shop-worn expression.", "The use of \"proverbial\" signifies it is a colloquial phrase and a shopworn expression. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The use of \"proverbial\" signifies it is a colloquial phrase and a shopworn expression. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Senior member\" is the better choice, unless you're deliberately using it in a joking way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although it's technically true that the user's account is older than yours, \"elder\" is generally used in a more narrow sense to describe someone's actual, real-life age, while \"senior\" is much more commonly used in this context and doesn't necessarily indicate an age difference.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Experienced user\" or \"veteran user\" might also be good choices, depending on the exact tone you're going for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Edit: As others have pointed out, \"senior\" is often used to indicate not only a longer period of membership, but a higher rank and greater perceived authority within the community.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you simply want to express that someone's been a registered user of the site for a long time, then \"long-standing\" or \"long-time member\" might be a better option.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118082/pinkfrosty", "score": 39 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Given that a young member could have been here for longer than an older person, or someone might have been here for a long time but not achieved many privileges, I suggest long-standing member.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This has no implications of age, superiority or of anything else except purely the time they have been on the site.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21249/chasly - reinstate Monica", "score": 31 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A person might be in their twenties but be a member of a Stack exchange site for as many as 8 years.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In that case, elder or senior member sounds a bit of a misnomer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I prefer veteran user ( a person who has had long experience in a particular field. )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "hi-rep user (only applicable", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "if the user does indeed have >5K or if the site is large >10K in reputation) See also @pinkfrosty's answer", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1694/Mari-Lou A", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "(See Edit section at the bottom as well.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For your situation, senior member is correct and is much better than elder member .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If senior is used like an adjective, in situations like this, it usually means that someone has been with the company/site longer, that they have a higher rank, or something else like that.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This includes someone who has been using SE longer than you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However senior can also be a noun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is a polite way to say old person .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elder is usually also a noun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It often means one of the oldest people in the group .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "At other times though, it sometimes means an older member of the group, whose specific job/role is to advise and/or to lead .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can also say elder ly member , which is a polite way to say old member .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Old member means the same thing as member who is old .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elder member , however, typically means member who is an elder - which is similar to, but slightly different than member who is old .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "senior (adjective) : having a higher rank, being with the site/company longer, or something similar old senior member (noun phrase) : member who has a higher rank, has been with the site/company longer, or something similar senior (noun) : old person", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "elder (noun) : one of the oldest people in the group an older member of the group, whose specific job/role is to advise and/or to lead elder member (noun phrase) : a member who is an elder elderly (adjective) : old elderly member (noun phrase) : a member who is old EDIT:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As was stated in the comments at one point in time, something closer to chasley - reinstate Monica's answer would be much better for Stack Exchange.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Senior member technically works, but Stack Exchange doesn't usually call it that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Think of a job.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Different people have different titles, and the same job might have different titles at different companies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, one company might use the word teacher , while another uses the word instructor .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Both are technically correct, but each organization has its own preferences.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The same applies for things like senior member .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It technically works for Stack Exchange, but it's a little ambiguous; and long-standing member , as @chasly-reinstateMonica suggested, is fairly unambigous and is much more appropriate for this group.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/4427/Panzercrisis", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Realistically, both elder and senior are going to bother someone, eventually, as ageism.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even \"long-time\" has that feel to it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I try to pick something that's inherently a compliment to them instead.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I personally like more tongue in cheek descriptions like superior , ranking , eminent , ascendent , or tenured .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tenured Member is hard for an experienced forum resident to take the wrong way, since its meaning is inherently respectful of high skill rather than being an age related reward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are many such complimentary words people use for sovereignty that can work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those only come off as demeaning if someone thinks you're being sarcastic, which is at least easy to correct when it happens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(There's a reason Can't tell if serious or joking is a popular meme ))", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/120303/Greg Smith", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Personally, I'd assume \"elder member\" was meant in the same context as \"elder statesman\" Collins : An experienced and respected member of an organization or professionis sometimes referred to as an elder statesman", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I certainly wouldn't take it as referring to somebody as elderly, or in any way offensively.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, I can see how some people might not make that distinction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As per other answers, senior or long-standing might be safer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/40759/Mohirl", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Although it's technically true that the user's account is older than yours, \"elder\" is generally used in a more narrow sense to describe someone's actual, real-life age, while \"senior\" is much more commonly used in this context and doesn't necessarily indicate an age difference. If senior is used as an adjective, in situations like this, it usually means that someone has been with the company/site longer, or that they have a higher rank. For your situation, senior member is correct and is much better than elder member.", "“Senior member\" is correct in this context." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "“Senior member\" is correct in this context." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I found an answer on brainly.in that describes it as: Usually a bully is arrogant and dominating.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The poet wishes that if a bully could become softer and more compatible with others, just as butter on toast.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's no idiom \"buttered on toast\" and I'm a native American English speaker.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, in the context of poetry there is often significant creative freedom in the words chosen and used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/121193/Smith", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is an idiom \"to butter someone up\" to please someone, so that that person will do what you want them to do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The metaphor is that putting butter on something makes it less dry and easier to eat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is extended, as butter on toast becomes warm and soft.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The poet is inventing a metaphor that suggests \"if bullies could become soft and would do what we want them to do just by being nice to them\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Lost in the post\" when talking about a letter means it was sent but never arrived.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is sometimes used an excuse: \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No I didn't do the task, I never received your instruction, the letter must have got lost in the post.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This figuratively means \"teachers don't come and interrupt my play with their boring lessons\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Similarly \"bells never ring\" refers to the bell that is rung at the end of break time when the pupils have to return to the classroom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/24231/James K", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is no idiom butter on toast , but there is the established phrase in Britan hot buttered toast , which I think the poem riffs on.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The post is still, I think, the most common term in Britain for what elsewhere might be called the mail .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Think of \"the Post Office\", even in the US)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I tried searching corpora to justify that, but it' a bit difficult, because post is now in wide use to mean a post on an internet site.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But on the GloWbE corpus in the post to you has 15 instances in British sources and 1 in US; while in the mail to you has 5 US and 1 GB.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Edit:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I then thought of searching for \"lost in the post|mail\", and that gives a clear difference.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1780/Colin Fine", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Butter on toast\" isn't exactly an idiom, but butter is often used in similes and metaphors to describe something as soft, smooth, or meltable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your example though says \" buttered on toast\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To butter means to spread butter, usually on bread or toast, so \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[if] bullies [could] be buttered on toast\" is imagining that bullies could be spread as if they were soft as butter .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A bully is often spoken of as a \"tough\" or \"hard\" person, so to wish they were soft is the opposite.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Lost in the post\" means lost in the mail .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In British English, we usually say \"post\" (postman, post service etc), whereas in American English they say \"mail\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "THe poet appears to be wishing that school teachers would disappear without trace, as if lost in the mail.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I believe the general idea of the poem is to focus on why things are the way they are through counter-factuals.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The general form being: if thing wasn't thing then we wouldn't have thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: if a bell didn't ring would it actually be a bell?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Isn't that the essence of what a bell is?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or with the losses line: if a loss was a win it wouldn't be a loss.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's a tautology.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If a bell didn't ring it wouldn't be a bell.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally: why are bullies a problem?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Well if bullies didn't bully we wouldn't have a problem with bullies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The fact that they don't melt like butter (meaning: be warm and caring to others) but are instead cold and hard is the entire problem!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's the essence of the idea of a bully, taking it (the hardness and coldness of bullies)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "away means changing the definition and conception of the word itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The post line almost certainly is talking about mail", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "but I'm not entirely sure the exact meaning the author intended with it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It might be about teachers who refuse to admit they are incorrect (instead they should admit on some questions they are 'lost in the post' or 'out to sea'), but I feel it's a stretch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I doubt the author intends it to mean what if teachers don't exist? because that would seem to clash with the final line of \"this world would be better than most.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/95562/eps", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The post line almost certainly is talking about mail.", "It is probable that the meaning of post is mail." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "It is probable that the meaning of post is mail." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, this is a common, idiomatic response among English speakers where I live (California).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's casual, so it's mainly used for the kind of casual situation where people would say \"Thanks\" all by itself, like in the following: \"Could I have some of your sunscreen?\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Sure, here you go.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Thanks.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Sure.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But in the following it would be out of place, because the context is not casual and the thank-you is a big deal: \"After my wife died, I was really lost.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your friendship meant a lot tome.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know what I would have done without you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thanks.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Sure.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people also have very strict ideas about manners, and might object to \"sure\" in all cases, even casual ones.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118305/Ben Crowell", "score": 27 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It depends on the person you are speaking to and the way you say it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't think sure is a common way to respond to thanks , because it's potentially ambiguous.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It could be interpreted as a shortened form of: Sure thing! , which is equivalent to Anytime! or You're welcome!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could also be interpreted as: Sure you are... , which is a sarcastic (read: rude) way of expressing your doubt that they are really thankful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would strongly suggest you only reply with Sure in a casual setting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You also want to make sure you say it with enthusiasm to avoid misinterpretation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note the differing punctuation in my two examples.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even better, respond in full: say Sure thing! . '", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Fewer words' does not always mean 'preferable'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/113846/Micah Windsor", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "in which situations it would be OK, and what exactly would it imply?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It would be okay in the USA.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you said it in the UK, it would imply that you are using American English.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As has been said in comments, this may or may not be understood in other places than North America.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it is understood, then it is through watching American TV and cinema.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Britain, I would expect, \"You're welcome\", \"No problem\", \"Not a problem\", \"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "That's okay\" or even just a smile or a nod of acknowledgement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Depending on the exact context, some traditionally-minded people in Britain might say, \"My pleasure\" or \"It was nothing\", or (very old-fashioned)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Think nothing of it\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Australia (I'm not an expert), I might expect, \"No problem\", \"No worries\", \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You're welcome\" EDIT See comment by @mdewey.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Britain the phrase \"No worries\" is increasingly used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If my memory serves, it came into use here after the release of the movie Crocodile Dundee where the phrase was used a lot by Australian characters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can search the script here http://www.allreadable.com/mv10758EEG8", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/21249/chasly - reinstate Monica", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is a perfectly normal response that people will understand if you say it to them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I say of course when someone says Thank you, and I see that as a normal response also.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The same with no problem, you're welcome, yes, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I see it is as a much better response than receiving no response at all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/118240/wilkvolk", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'm American, born and raised, and even I wouldn't say \"sure\" unless I'm using it dismissively.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Trying to get across that I don't care about their gratitude.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is just a product of my childhood though.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When I was in Middle-school I had a teacher that would always send me out of class for responding with \"sure\" so to me (and her", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I guess)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "it has a negative annotation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now I just respond with \"anytime\", using various levels of sarcasm to get my feelings across.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/121441/Joseph", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's only standard in parts of the USA, as far as I know.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In Eastern Canada * , \"sure\" comes across as rude.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We normally say \"(You're) welcome\" or \"No problem\" instead, or maybe \"Don't mention it\", \"My pleasure\", or \"No worries\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But if it's an American saying \"sure\", I think most Canadians will know what they mean, and not be offended.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For context, there's a cultural aspect to this: in general, Canadians and Americans are equally nice, but Canadians take a polite angle, while Americans take a modest angle, downplaying their generosity.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "*", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I can't speak for anything west of Quebec", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/41600/wjandrea", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While I would not consider replying with \"Sure\" to be polite, I have noticed that it is extremely common among Indian English speakers to reply with \"Sure\" in this context as a normal reply.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here is an example: \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thanks, I appreciate the explanation you gave.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"Sure.\" For a frame of reference, I am a traditional fellow from the deep South and hearing \"Sure\" in response to an expression of gratitude in formal or business contexts comes across as shockingly improper at best, and dismissive or sarcastic at worst, depending on tone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I personally would not ever say it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a very informal context with close friends and among the younger generations, saying \"Sure, no problem,\" or \"Sure, anytime,\" are more common.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "I cannot think of a time I have heard \"Sure\" by itself without it being deliberately sarcastic or dismissive, however.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/121488/calmpalm", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I don't even get the \"sure thing\" example, actually.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You think it's a sure thing that I'm thankful?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm not sure what that would mean", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I don't think it's flattering.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the OP finds themselves in a group for which this seems to be convention, then, fine, go with it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If there's any chance that that the conversation partner is actually going to try to process its meaning, I'd avoid it...for sure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/46904/CCTO", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "This is a common, idiomatic response among English speakers where I live (California). Elsewhere, one might expect, \"You're welcome\", \"No problem\", \"Not a problem\". It is a casual expresison, mainly used for the kind of situation where people would say \"Thanks\" all by itself, as in: \"Could I have some of your sunscreen?. \"Sure\".", "Yes, it is possible to answer with \"sure\" in the USA although it can be considered to be dismissive both in the USA and Britain and is reserved for casual situations." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Yes, it is possible to answer with \"sure\" in the USA although it can be considered to be dismissive both in the USA and Britain.", " It is normally used in more casual settings." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I wouldn't use \"white glass\"; just look it up on Google, that means something made of glass but with a white tint, and you can't see through that kind of glass.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The glass in a household mirror is transparent, but since all glass in those kind of mirrors is transparent, you don't need to mention it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, they all contain glass, so even saying \"glass mirror\" would be a little redundant.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you do feel the need of describing it, \"clear glass\" (thanks @MichaelHarvey), \"transparent glass\" and \"colourless/colorless glass\" (", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "depending on whether you write British or American English) are technically correct and should be understandable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The first option is used most often: (source: Google Ngrams )", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/18673/Glorfindel", "score": 26 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A mirror is usually referred to as \"silvered glass\", since it was often made by depositing silver nitrate on one side, as the Wikipedia entry describes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"White glass\" would (to me) be more an antique glass called \"milk glass\", because it's milky white. \"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Transparent glass\" is, well, a window.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/121655/bkb105", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A normal everyday mirror that isn't colored is just a \"mirror\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's no need to specify that it DOESN'T have an unusual quality.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While \"white glass\" would mean translucent milky glass, and window glass could be called \"clear glass\", a \"clear glass mirror\" is a confusing contradiction in terms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A mirror isn't clear, it's a mirror.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm having a hard time understanding what kind of phrase you're building where you need to describe a mirror as something other than a mirror.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/87038/Darth Pseudonym", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "'", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Transparent colorless glass in front of a silver reflective material.'", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The term 'white glass' evokes thoughts of either milk glass or frosted glass , typically implying that the glass is question is neither colorless nor entirely transparent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The term 'transparent glass' by itself is ambiguous in that something can be colored but sufficiently clear to be considered transparent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some varieties uranium glass and cranberry glass provide some particularly visually striking examples of colored but transparent glass (note that the cranberry glass in that Wikipedia article is actually translucent not transparent, but this is due to the complex shapes of the pieces and not the color (cranberry glass is rather expensive, so it's more common to see complicated shapes made from it which tend to result in it not being truly transparent)).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Combining 'transparent' with 'colorless' accurately describes the glass found in most mirrors that use a layer of glass to protect the reflective material, though in more modern mirrors it may be an acrylic or polycarbonate layer instead of glass (resulting in a less expensive mirror, but you have to be more careful about how you clean it)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The layer of reflective material behind the glass is best described in almost all house mirrors as 'silvery', which refers to a near colorless grey or white material with a very high reflectance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Traditionally this would have actually been a very thin layer of silver, though these days aluminum or a highly reflective polymer such as BoPET is much more common because it's a lot less expensive (and technically more reflective).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/60565/Austin Hemmelgarn", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\" Frosted glass \" is the most common term normally used for glass with some opacity.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some glass manufacturers use other terms such as \"obscure glass\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Transparent glass\" isn't a term I've ever heard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It sounds like a tautology - transparent glass is just glass!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But if you were trying to differentiate between normal glass and frosted glass, you might say \" clear glass\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Glass which acts as a mirror is called \" mirror glass \", or perhaps \" mirrored glass \".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A \"one-way mirror\" is a pane of glass which is only reflective one-way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you wanted to describe glass which had some mirror properties but still had some degree of transparency you might describe it as \"reflective glass\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/66325/Astralbee", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "First of all, as others have observed, \"white glass\" is definitely wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That suggests glass that has been colored or painted white.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is also confusing to say something like \"we bought a clear glass mirror\" or \"on the wall was a clear glass mirror\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would wonder if it was a special mirror that you could see through or something.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Really, the proper description probably depends on context.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "What other kinds of mirror is this mirror being contrasted with?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ordinarily, if you just say \"a mirror\", people assume you mean an ordinary mirror.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you have to be more clear, you might say \"an ordinary mirror, like you would find at home.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Rereading your question, if this mirror is being contrasted with ones that are colored, I think the term \"colorless\" would work well.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Perhaps \"ordinary colorless mirror\" just to emphasize that this is just like the ones people see every day.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/19148/Mark Foskey", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The mirror I want to describe is a normal mirror which isn't coloured, the simple one found at our home.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A plain [glass] mirror , unframed mirror or frameless mirror", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suspect is what the OP is asking about.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In all of the above, the mirror is flushed with the wall, so a frame is unnecessary.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/1694/Mari-Lou A", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As mirrors age the silver at the back erodes and loses reflectiveness, which is referred to as clouding .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So a mirror which is functioning perfectly could also be referred to as unclouded , if you are emphasising that it is producing a good reflection.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "ell.stackexchange.com/users/9024/Pete Kirkham", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " The glass in a household mirror is transparent, but since all glass in those kind of mirrors is transparent, you don't need to mention it.", "The glass in a mirror is transparent but there is no need to qualify it as being transparent or white." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The glass in a mirror is transparent but there is no need to qualify it as being transparent or white." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "This means an election for an elected position, with people directly voting for the choice of candidates (e.g. US Presidential elections don't count, since they are votes for the electors and not directly for the President).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Referendums on a topic also don't count.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The current response to this question is the 2014 Brazil direct presidential election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Being precise of what is asked it is its first round, since more votes were casted.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But following a criterion of votes effectively casted to any of the candidates, the answer would be the second round).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "See details below: In the first round (October 5) there were 142 822 046 eligible voters of whom 115 122 611 voted ( 104 023 543 effectively in 1 of the 11 candidates, the difference accounting for nulls or blank votes).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the second round (October 26) there were the same 142 822 046 eligible voters of whom 112 683 879 voted ( 105 542 274 effectively in 1 of the 2 remaining candidates, the difference accounting for nulls or blank votes).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "By the way, with this election, Senator Aecio Neves also holds the record as the most directly voted runner-up (losing with a record of 51 041 155 votes).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand the re-elected President Dilma Roussef, with 54 501 119 just held the title of the second most voted winner on a direct election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She herself received more votes in the 2010 election ( 55 752 529 ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Besides that, the Oscar to the most directly voted person on an election goes to Lula da Silva, with 58 295 042 in 2006.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Observation: note that in the second round less eligible voters showed up to the ballot (~112 millions versus ~115 millions 3 weeks sooner), nevertheless the sum of the votes for the remaining two candidates (~105.5 million) exceeds the sum of theirs plus the previous other 9 candidates 3 weeks before (~104 million) with more than 1.5 million votes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "References here .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5973/curiouser", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The world's largest democracy is India, and as such, it is not unreasonable to assume that this is the world's largest election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2009, for example, the total vote count was 714 million which is larger than that of the United States and EU combined.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a fashion similar to that of the United States President, the President of India is indirectly elected through electors , but if the President of the United States can be said to be elected \"by the people\" (and indeed, there are vote tallies that often show how many people \"voted for the candidate\"), then the same can be said of the President of India.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2012 , there were over 700,000 electoral votes (compared to 538 in the United States) cast for Pranab Mukerjee and another 300,000 for his closest rival.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Each of these electors is traceable to the will of 1,000 residents in each state, meaning that over a billion people are represented.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, since the question directly excludes electors, we need move on to the Lok Sahba.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2009, Manmohan Singh's Congress Party received over 153 million votes in a three-way election that the United Kingdom's Guardian called the \"world's largest democratic poll\" .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The election itself was 28 days long and involved nearly 700 million voters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a party based system, the choice of party could be considered tantamount to choosing its leader, so may or may not fall within the scope of the question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That all said, with only 543 seats in the Lok, there is bound to be a single constituency within that body that would almost certainly take the prize.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In contrast to China, its logical rival, which has 2,987 members in its parliment and is of dubious democratic value, the sheer number of members (4 times the members, similar sized electorate) dictates that each seat in India would have the most direct electors per position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/23/Affable Geek", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Actually Indonesia has a larger voter population than Brazil (the accepted answer).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For the 2019 election On 5 September 2018, the KPU announced there were 187 million registered voters – 185,732,093 in Indonesia and 2,049,791 voting abroad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Indonesian president is directly elected albeit in a two-round system (like Brazil), but candidates need the support of 20% of political parties (as represented in the Indonesian parliament = DPR) for their nomination.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the aforementioned election, there were 154,257,601 valid votes cast in the presidential contest, substantially more than in Brazil (as an absolute number, the participation rate was pretty similar around 80%).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although the election was also fairly split 55.5% vs 44.5%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Jokowi won with 85,607,362 also a larger absolute number than for Brazil's election from the accepted answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These numbers also comfortably \"beat\" the 2018 election of Bolsonaro as well: 147,305,825 registered voters, 117,364,560 votes cast, 57,797,847 votes for Bolsonaro (2nd round).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For the sake of mentioning this too, Brazil is considered somewhat more democratic/freethan Indonesia in both in EIU's democracy index and Freedom House's .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18373/Fizz", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The correct answer to this question in its current form would be the following.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The largest direct election to a single position by the number ofeligible voters is the 2012 presidential election in Russia.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Therewere 109 860 331 eligible voters of whom 71 104 543 cast a vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Therewere 109 860 331 eligible voters of whom 71 104 543 cast a vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There were", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "106 484 518 eligible voters ofwhom 79 471 282 cast a vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/1470/Anixx", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "2014 Indian parliamentary elections won by Narendra Modi led the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5036/Ujjval Narang", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The 2014 Indian parliamentary elections, won by Narendra Modi, led the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to government. The largest direct election to a single position by the number of eligible voters was the 2012 presidential election in Russia.", "The answer may be either of: the 2014 Indian parliamentary elections; or the 2012 Russian presidential election. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The answer may be either of: the 2014 Indian parliamentary elections; or the 2012 Russian presidential election. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Formally, the Twenty Seventh Amendment stipulates that salary changes made by congress cannot take effect until after the next house elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In other words, Representatives would be voted out of office before they would receive the benefit, and Representatives have no incentive to approve the change for Senators who will remain in office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(A quid pro quo plan would also prove ineffective as those who would receive the future salary would have no incentive to pay back the poor ousted congressperson; the rich and powerful need a reason to give back to the poor and weak, heart isn't enough).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are also several informal reasons why congress doesn't vote itself to become rich.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here I name a few.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "First,the average congressional person likely receives more benefits from office than 100 million dollars.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Second, in times of divided government (when one party does not control both chambers or both congress and the executive) coordinating 268 people to become rich is difficult.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Third, because both parties would receive the pay raise, they lack an incentive to empower their opposition.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally, morals and norms can constrain behaviors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For instance,some politicians may have scruples that would lead them to avoid devastating the country's finances.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are also congressional norms that dictate behavior and constrain congresspeople from wild actions, such as blatantly putting money in their own pockets.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5115/alfonso", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Taking a US-Centric approach:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the one hand, they do--at least indirectly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, a politician can, and often does, becomes a lobbyist on K-Street .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is called revolving door politics and they've either avoided making laws to prevent this, or made sure the laws they do make have enough leeway and loopholes to not really impact this 'tradition'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Another example is laws they've passed to make themselves immune to insider trading laws .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, they don't really have to.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most politicians are already wealthy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One needs a certain amount of wealth to typically enter national politics.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, the average net worth of a senator is well into the millions .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Upon leaving office, there's also plenty of opportunities to increase one's wealth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Typical positions in addition to lobbyists would be highly paid consultants, board members on large corporations, 'think tank' members, or even just well paid speaker circuit 'celebrities'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Why don't politicians decide to pass laws that make themselves really rich?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the most effective way of doing so is not directly take government money and give it to the legislature members, but pass legislation that would benefit industry with which the representatives are associated or the companies that sponsor the election campaign.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This includes changes in taxation, regulations, wars and revolutions abroad etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/1470/Anixx", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Politicians regularly do pass laws to make themselves rich (and/or use information gathered in the course of making law to inform their investment choices).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They tend to avoid doing so blatantly, as acting in such an overt manner encourages public outcry/retaliation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's the difference between passing a", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"You can elect only Republicans\" law and gerrymandering .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, they'd have to amend the constitution to actually benefit themselves (at least in the U.S.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Simply put, it is easier and less (politically) dangerous to become wealthy in other, less overt ways.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A specific example is rampant insider trading by U.S. politicians .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When the issue became a media focus, congress passed the STOCK Act to deflect public outcry.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As soon as the media spotlight had moved on, the law was quietly dismantled.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/3118/immortal squish", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you want a larger answer than the U.S. , most countries have Courts of high levels, which can use judicial review, or powers vested, to determine if a law passed by the legislature is in spirit with the Constitution of the country.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, some guys in some countries, get their Member of legislature funds for the constituency, which they can swindle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And some, can rake out money, using their influence, through various sources.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So roughly, these factors combined with soundness of tact, prevent any legitimate ridiculousness from occuring.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5061/Rohit", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Politicians regularly pass laws to make themselves rich (and/or use information gathered in the course of making law to inform their investment choices). They tend to avoid doing so blatantly, as acting in such an overt manner encourages public outcry/retaliation. If you want a wider answer than the U.S., most countries have High Courts, which can use judicial review to determine if a law passed by the legislature is aligned with the Constitution of the country.", "Politicians regularly pass laws to make themselves rich but not blatantly to avoid public outcry. Also, most countries use judicial review or powers to determine whether a law passed by the legislature is in line with the country’s constitution. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Politicians regularly pass laws to make themselves rich. They do pass laws to make themselves rich but not blatantly to avoid public outcry. Most countries use judicial review or powers to determine whether a law passed by the legislature is in line with the country’s constitution. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Firstly, much work perceived as necessary is a result of social choice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Shit shovelling, as a quintessential example has been widely replaced by sewering or compost-toileting or mechanised sewage removal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many \"necessary\" roles may in fact not be.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Secondly, work isn't \"necessarily\" unpleasant.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the Australian context, sanimen who carried the can in relation to sewage disposal were decently paid and well respected.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Garbage men used to be sinecures given to local amateur sports heros.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sewering engineers were well paid, particularly after society recognised their responsibilities.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Society and culture produces the unpleasantness of some work, by declaring it to be unpleasant.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The core of the question is why would people do necessary work, the largest direct answer is someone will want to do anything if you ask them to do it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The second section of the answer is some people will do anything if you ask them to do anything.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These arguments rely on the idea of the excess of productivity in existing society being largely spent on waste, which would therefore reduce the real necessity that people would not otherwise choose to do to a minimum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The idea of necessary work is largely wrong", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The idea of necessarily unpleasant work is wrong People will voluntarily choose to do needed things, particularly if they're asked to do so and respected for doing so", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/1669/Samuel Russell", "score": 35 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Only speculative answers can be given, based on various visions of communism or anarchism, since the actual 'pure' communism/anarchism was not implemented.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The modern examples of communism, like kibbutz or open source, are based on volunteers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Volunteers are a special group of people, and they are free to leave in any moment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We have no idea how would, for example, kibbutz function if there were people born there with no option to leave.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Machno state was a rural one, short lasting, and was never self-sustaining (in that sense it didn't produced all the tools it used) and it was de facto a form of military government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The technological vision of communism (like Star Trek) is very near (if not exactly) what the Marx described as building the material basis for communism - the production is automatized to the amount, where there is enough goods to fulfill people's needs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In that world, any dirty or boring work is made by machines, the people do only the creative work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Communism as such does not exclude government, and the justice concept requires to give anyone everything they need, but to demand to give back to community as they are able to, so people who are not able to do more sophisticated work, may be forced to do the unpleasant/boring one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anarchism as such bans institutional government, but the human remains the social being, therefore prone to social pressure .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you expect anyone to work for society, the social pressure for the people that do nothing should be enough to move at least some of them to do the unpleasant job, so they won't be looked down as parasites.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anarcho-capitalism removes military pressure from government, but leaves the pressure that can be just as effective - the economic pressure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The people will be forced to do any job, no matter how unpleasant, in order to survive.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/57/Danubian Sailor", "score": 19 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Who shovels shit around here?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just to use what I think is a pretty apt comparison, the SE network is pretty communal if not anarchistic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Community rules are more or less​ agreed upon by the community and mostly enforced by the community.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But who handles the less desirable work around here?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Who deals with the worst of our rubbish?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The moderators.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Why do people decide to take on moderator positions?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Often it's because they're held up with a certain regard, and they like their community enough to want to be of service.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's to you, the glorious janitors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15062/apaul", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Society will allocate more resources to get rid of nasty jobs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If everyone doesn't want to do it, then they'll be willing to spend more time working at other things (generating wealth) to trade for someone willing to shovel the shit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If everyone is given everything they need, and nobody needs to work:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Self responsibility: You have to shovel your own shit, since nobody else is willing to do it for you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Draw lots: Bad luck dude, you're shoveling shit today.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In order: It's your turn to shovel shit today.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people won't mind shoveling shit, or will be more efficient at it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And they will collect money (if it exists) or favors on the black market and shovel other people's shit, in order to get more/have more/get laid more/whatever.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And imagine a real labor market.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What if every job was up for bid, and didn't rely on old-boy networks, seniority, etc?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With real job requirements (not, say: needs an Ivy league education (which is just a white-washing the old-boy networking requirements/have enough money to buy your way in)).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How much would you bid to: play golf with other decision makers, have a private jet, secretary, change company policies, determine products or services offered, business direction, etc?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, fly into space and perform experiments?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How much would you bid for a needed salary to wear protective gear, get medical checkups, and shovel shit?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suspect you'd bid at least 100K to be the shit-shoveler, and", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "maybe bid -10K (or whatever you've got in savings divided by 10) to be the CEO.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the job was determined by selection amongst the lowest bids, the highest paid jobs would be the worst jobs, and the best jobs would cost money to have, or pay next to nothing (you'd work a bad job for years in order to buy your way into a nice job).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would result in bad jobs being automated away, and good jobs being broken apart", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "so there were more of them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5213/user3082", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The history shows that enemies of the revolution are the ones who do the dirty work.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Read Aleksandr Solzhenitszn's \"The Gulag Archipelago\" , any reports on the Khmer Rouge government of Cambodia , or \"The Bamboo Gulag\" by Nghia M. Vo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/21670/elliot svensson", "score": 5 } } ]

[ [ "The history shows that enemies of the revolution are the ones who do the dirty work. ", "The moderators and enemies of the revolution do the dirty work." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The moderators and enemies of the revolution do the dirty work." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "There are various reasons: Societal mechanisms - Lower levels of trust.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a common social approach -", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "if someone shows themselves as willing to break the social contract (laws), they have lower level of trust.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In terms of franchise, it means they can't be trusted with the responsibilities of said franchise - as a concept, not necessarily out of specific \"he will vote for a felon organization\" fear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Moral - Punitive.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Leaving aside whether this is a good idea, or an efficient one; there are definitely people who feel that removing franchise for committing a felony is a just punishment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Practical - worry about abuse of power.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is slightly similar to #1, but whereas #1 was a generic principle over generic trust levels, this one is more about specific consequences.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To counter your somewhat amused \"felons organising politically and exerting an influence on politics\" quip, recall that this is exactly what organized crime and corruption does and achieves, from Sicily to Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or going further back, Blues and Greens of Rome.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/115/user4012", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "From this answer on Why allow convicted criminals to vote? , @origimbo gave one reason to allow them to vote as being protection against the following algorithm: Win a legislative election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pass any law which disproportionately imprisons the supporters of your opponents.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Profit.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "conversely, one reason to keep them from voting would be to use this algorithm. @Schwern", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "posted in the comments of the original answer pointing out that the War on Drugs was one case where this was used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/21078/Alexandre Aubrey", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You mentioned this practice in relation to the US; the legal basis at least would be section 2 of the 14th amendment :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime , the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Felony disenfranchisement was specifically upheld because of this in the case Richardson v. Ramirez .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The legal basis of the practice in the US is sort of an anachronism since a major reason the amendment is worded that way was to help maintain Republican power and suppress the Democrats who were previously part of the Confederacy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the historical case that actively grants the state this power, came about because the Republicans wanted to more easily maintained political power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This seems like an obvious avenue for them to take since the power to curtail (and expand) voting rights is pretty powerful in a democracy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It granted a legal basis to Republican rule beyond just military occupation of the South.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's hard to judge the intent of the practice in all individual cases since laws regarding felony disenfranchisement were passed before and after the 14th amendment and the Reconstruction era.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But given the history of Jim Crow and poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses meant to restrict voting rights, this practice seems like another obvious way to control voting rights and maintain white supremacy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sometimes its really obvious, like the 1901 Alabama state constitution that removes voting rights for among other things, \"miscegenation\", which of course, is itself a crime.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other times we have to look at the results to give us clues about what the intent may have been.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, when we examine the relative rates of current felony disenfranchisement and where it occurs, the desire to maintain political power and white supremacy via control of voting rights is probably still present:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16221/Teleka", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "So that you can suppress voting among a constituency that does not support you.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Look at the group of people that is disproportionately incarcerated and what are typically their voting intentions .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you crunch the numbers, you will find that for every single Republican vote removed by felony disenfranchisement, you remove roughly five Democrat votes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16523/Oscar Bravo", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The scholarship of Montesquieu is particularly apt here :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to Montesquieu, a necessary condition for the existence of a republican government, whether democratic or aristocratic, is that the people in whom supreme power is lodged possess the quality of “public virtue,” meaning that they are motivated by a desire to achieve the public good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although public virtue may not be necessary in a monarchy and is certainly absent in despotic regimes, it must be present to some degree in aristocratic republics and to a large degree in democratic republics.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sounding a theme that would be loudly echoed in Madison’s", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“Federalist 10,” Montesquieu asserts that without strong public virtue, a democratic republic is likely to be destroyed by conflict between various “factions,” each pursuing its own narrow interests at the expense of the broader public good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From him directly : When virtue is banished, ambition enters the hearts that are disposed to receive it, and avarice enters all of them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The desires change their objects; what once they loved, they love no longer; they were free under the laws, and now they want to be free to act against them; each citizen is like a slave who has run away from his master’s house;...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The republic is reduced to mere appearance; and its strength is but the power of a few citizens, and the licence (to commit crime) of all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Allowing criminals to vote diminishes both civic bonds and what it means to be a citizen precisely because it allows the contagion or criminality a voice and entry as legitimate into the public sphere.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9790/K Dog", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "There are moral and punitive reasons. However, there may be practical reasons, with concerns about abuse of power or profiteering. Some say it may be used to suppress voting among a constituency that does not support you.", "The reasons are as follows: moral, punitive, to prevent abuse of power, to suppress voting or to profit." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The reasons are as follows: moral, punitive, to prevent abuse of power, to suppress voting or to profit." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The short answer is: the U.S. has probably not helped ISIS inadvertently, but arms have probably fallen into ISIS hands from the U.S.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In essence, you are proposing two different mechanisms for the delivery of material.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The first is the acquisition of arms from the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, and the second is accidental delivery of weaponry intended for anti-ISIS or anti-Ba'ath fighters in Syria.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The first mechanism is highly improbable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "First, consulates are not usually armed, and the one in Benghazi was specifically understaffed and under-protected, meaning that very little was available to be shipped from Libya to Syria or Iraq.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, the distance between the two areas is daunting, being at least 2000km by land, or 1500km by sea just to reach Syria.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The second mechanism is actually quite likely.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The U.S. has provided assistance to at least three sets of groups in the area: the Iraqi government, Kurdish militias and anti-regime militias in Syria.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Due to the occupation of Iraq (2003-11) the U.S. has very good personalistic ties in Iraq and with Kurds, and consequently is unlikely to be misdelivering arms to those groups.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, the Syrian situation is particularly murky.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is likely that at some point arms were delivered to a Syrian group that made their way to ISIS.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ultimate question, however, is whether or not that helped ISIS.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The answer is that it probably did not help materially primarily because ISIS' problem is not a shortage of small arms, which is what the U.S. is sending.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the fall of Mosul ISIS has had in its possession major weapons, including armored vehicles and helicopters, and the addition of machine guns or additional assault rifles is not likely to materially increase their capability relative to other groups.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5309/The Pompitous of Love", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'm not familiar with the US helping IS in the manner you're suggesting, but it is common for opponents of intervention in the Middle East to argue that the US's continued intervention helps IS and other organizations recruit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The argument is basically that terrorism is the natural response an occupier that can't be fought outright due to asymmetry; so, by this logic, the US's continued intervention in the Middle East inadvertently helps IS by motivating people to join them against the West.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And more generally, there are cases where the US has supported one side of a conflict and the arms given in support have ended being used against the US or its allies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is called blowback .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are claims that some members of IS are former Syrian rebels that were trained/armed by the US, but I can't find a credible link that supports the claim.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(In other words, take it with a grain of salt.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4661/Tyler", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, the leading cause of terrorism is military occupation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "http://freakonomics.com/2015/02/13/is-there-a-better-way-to-fight-terrorism-a-new-freakonomics-radio-podcast/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When the US occupies Yemen, Afghanistan, and has bases in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Iraq, and Kuwait, then that helps IS to recruit more terrorists.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/2430/Chloe", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Also, I add, US and west aided the Syrian rebels against Asad regime.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Aid was in many ways, mostly weapons.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And we know, IS was one of the parties of the rebellion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "B Other than that, US disbanded the Iraqi Army during occupation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not only was Iraq drained of veterans and trained manpower, but some also say, these veterans joined the ranks of IS.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5061/Rohit", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Not only did the United States help ISIS , they supported them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Who do you think was fighting Assad when they said he must go?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once they made that statement they in-directly supported ISIS fighters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/1452/Dammand Cherry", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes,I include the entire developed in this not just the USA.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ISIS gets most of its funding from the direct or indirect sale of oil.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Every time we full up our car help increase the demand for oil.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We are not willing to stop trading with counties we know", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "allows their people to support the like of ISIS, due to wanting access to their oil.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It does not matter where we get OUR oil from, as by buying it, we stop it being sold to someone else, and therefore increase the demand for the oil", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the ISIS and their supporters sell.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Throughout history, it seems that the “locals” have never done well where there has been a natural resource in a country that could be exploited for great profit without the requirement to create great employment in the process.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The people in power WILL get rich, much better if they do so my creating employment for the rest...)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4800/Ian Ringrose", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, there have certainly been incidences of the kind of accidental help you've been talking about.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The link below for example is to a story about how a US weapons drop via parachute was accidentally intercepted on the ground by ISIS, who took the weapons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsVaFpXgCfU Further, prior to those sorts of accidents when ISIS was first expanding into Iraq, ISIS fighters came across large amounts of weaponry that the US military left behind e.g. equipment for Iraqi Army soldiers that were left at the bases the Iraqis abandoned, during ISIS' surge into the North.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Another report, on the above topic)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5Hn1GXBrG4 Cheers", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5381/TheRealPaulMcCartney", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The U.S. has probably not helped ISIS inadvertently, but arms have probably fallen into ISIS hands from the U.S. As the U.S. has provided assistance to the Iraqi government, Kurdish militias and anti-regime militias in Syria, occupies Yemen and Afghanistan, and has bases in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Iraq, and Kuwait, then that helps IS to recruit more terrorists.", "While the US has probably not assisted ISIS directly, they may have done so inadvertently. Moreover, through US occupation of Yemen and Afghanistan, and US bases being present in SA, Bahrain, Quatar, Iraq and Kuwait, ISIS are better quipped to recruit terrorists. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "While the US has probably not assisted ISIS directly, they may have done so inadvertently. Through US occupation of Yemen and Afghanistan, and US bases being present in SA, Bahrain, Quatar, Iraq and Kuwait, ISIS are better quipped to recruit terrorists. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "No, because there are different dimensions.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There is authoritarianism/anti-authoritarianism, versus liberal/conservative.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here are several charts which shows the possible outlays expanding on the limited left/right paradigm.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a Nolan Chart .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It uses the axis of personal freedom vs. economic freedom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Left anarchists don't believe in economic freedom.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If someone tried to price gouge, they would be visited with violence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This chart shows authoritarianism vs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "left/right.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I might disagree with some of the positions of the dots.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/2430/Chloe", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "First of all, left and right are arbitrary definitions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You have to remember that it originated in the physical position within a parliament.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nevertheless in each country at any moment, a left-to-right scale is established to separate liberal-oriented from conservative-oriented.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whatever that means in the given country.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But politics isn't one-dimensional and the extreme cases break that model even more.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But just to focus more on them, while the more centred right often promote a minimal state for a maximum freedom for companies and economy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However when travelling towards the extreme, you find more conservative, who also like the state to have a minimum influence on the economy, but often like the state to protect the people (police, army, justice, etc.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "as well as promote certain values (family, tradition, etc.).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And if you get much more on the extreme, you get to fascists states.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Which would be hard to argue that they promote a minimal central government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anarchists is to some extend the communism without representation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They don't believe in economic liberalism.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And like to have a control of the economy by the government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With the exception that the government is composed of all the citizens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So as a more extreme case of communism, it is usually placed on the left.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5741/clem steredenn", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "https://www.politicalcompass.org/analysis2 Here is a nice explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is a quiz if you want to take also.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In short it displays anarchism (lower end) and authoritarianism (higher end) as the extremes of another (vertical) axis as a social measure while left-right is the horizontal axis which is an economic measure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My analysis is:Anarchism is about self-governance, having as little hierarchy as possible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As you go to the left, the means of production are distrubuted more equally; and as you go to the right, individuals and corporations own more of the means of production and accumulate capital.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the upper left you have an authoritarian state, distributing the means of production to the people as equally as possible; on the lower left you have the collectives, getting together voluntarily utilizing their local means of production and sharing the products; on the lower right you have anarchocapitalists, with no state, tax or public service, everything operated by private companies in a completely free and global market; and finally on the top right you both have powerful state and corporations (pretty much all the countries).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But after all, these terms change meanings through history and different cultures.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I personally think that under unrestrained capitalism the accumulation of wealth both creates monopolies and more importantly political influence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So that influences state interference and civil liberties also.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It also aspires for infinite growth which leads to the depletion of natural resources which is another diminishing fact for the quality of living for the people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At that point it favors conservatism rather than progressive scientific thinking.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I do believe under collective anarchism, since it's localized, it is quite difficult to create global catastrophes, and I think this is why in today's world, the terms anarchism and capitalism seems as opposite.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sorry for the biased analysis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7709/serkan", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Historically speaking there have been some far right anarchist groups.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Perhaps most notably the Christian anarchists , although it's easy to argue degrees of left or right in each of individual movements in the category.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Basically the Christian anarchists' stand is/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "was that their should be no authority other than God's...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are also National-Anarchists , who seem to support racial and ethnic separation, while also opposing Marxism, capitalism, and government control.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With these examples​ in mind I would like to suggest that \"anarchism\" is a fairly broad political ideology, meaning that anarchists desire to abolish the state and government control, but reasons for this desire vary wildly between individual anarchists and movements.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Taking that conclusion a step further...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It becomes fairly easy to see why there are so many distinct anarchist movements and why unity between movements has proved difficult.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15062/apaul", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is government, and there are companies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Especially big companies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Big companies have power to suppress the citizens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The bigger the company, and the weaker the government, the more the big companies can suppress the citizens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anarchy is against suppressing citizens.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not as their main statement, but they are against government mostly as the citizen suppressor, so they will also be against big companies suppressing people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Right-wing politics is often against big government with the express purpose to give more control to companies, and less oversight.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5649/gnasher729", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The biggest lie, the left has been promoting is that Nazism and Fascism are left wing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The further left one goes we move into totalitarianism with 100% government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Quite the contrary though when we move further right.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We are somehow supposed to believe that somewhere at the extreme left, total freedom arises from complete control by government and", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "likewise total control by government happens within total freedom - anarchy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anarchy is, always has been and always will be 100% right wing, in fact extreme right wing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/20290/Marcus", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Anarchy is, always has been and always will be 100% right wing, in fact extreme right wing.", "The answer is not a simple \"no\" since there are different dimensions and left and right are arbitrary. Anarchy is 100% right wing and there have been far-right anarchist groups. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The answer is not a simple \"no\" since there are different dimensions. Left and right are arbitrary definitions. Anarchy is 100% right wing and there have been far-right anarchist groups. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "According to The Guardian , the referendum is not legally binding, and the final decision lies with Parliament.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8467/Eduardo", "score": 38 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The ultimate authority lies with parliament, but…..", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The UK Parliament has a history of avoiding outcomes like the French Revolution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So it will need a very good reason for the UK not to leave, this would have to be something that was not expected at the time of the referendum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most MP would have to believe that ignoring the public vote was more important then every getting elected again.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4800/Ian Ringrose", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Constitutionally speaking, it is impossible for any prior decision to bind the British Parliament in a way that prevents them from making a different decision at some later point.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, the possibilities are interesting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Cameron has stated that he feels a different leader should take control of the process rather than himself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There will now be a leadership contest in the Conservative party, and the results have the potential to be interesting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One plausible scenario is that some substantial portion of the Conservative party is unwilling to accept a new leader, resulting in the leader of the party being unable to present himself as having a commanding majority in the House of Commons (i.e. he/she would not be able to become Prime Minister), a situation which would lead to a new general election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some existing Conservative MPs might defect to other parties or form a new party.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Parties other than the Conservative party might not feel obliged to honour the result of the referendum, so if say a Labour/Liberal coalition ended up in charge of the Commons in a new Parliament (which is certainly a possibility if Conservative defectors split the vote in key constituencies), Article 50 might never be invoked.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All of this is, of course, highly speculative, even downright unlikely , but it is possible .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(As a supporter for electoral reform, I will point out that this scenario would be even more unlikely had the UK switched from first-past-the-post to AV after the last referendum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that's probably beside the point.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8576/Jules", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is not binding.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, it's a democratic voting", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and I don't think a democratic parliament will disregard a democratically achieved decision.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8642/BobbyPi", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While the referendum is not legally binding, it is in practice.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "David Cameron had said he'll invoke Article 50 immediately in case of a leave vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While he has now said that he'll leave doing that on his successor, it's politically inconceivable that Brexit won't become a reality.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, the Brexit train has already left Brussels, UK's EU commissioner Lord Hill is resigning", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and it's unlikely that Britain will nominate someone else to take his place.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4235/Count Iblis", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Now that the implications of the leave vote are becoming clear there are a number of issues that could prevent the UK from actually leaving the EU.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, many leave supporters seem surprised that the currency and market reactions were so severe despite clear (having dismissed warnings from the remain campaign and from experts as scare mongering).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Strictly speaking the referendum is advisory but it is unlikely that parliament would want to block the act of leaving.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, things are not so simple.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The political chaos caused by the vote is likely to lead to a general election and, depending on what happens in that, the new parliament will have a different mandate and might feel it has the authority to ignore the referendum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Moreover, it is already apparent that the implications of leaving were not clearly understood by the electorate or by the leave campaign (who never had much of a coherent view of what the terms of EU departure would actually mean).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some leave campaigners want a radical departure from the single market and tight control on immigration; others want a Norway-style deal that leaves the UK in the single market but this is impossible if free movement is abrogated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Until government has negotiated a specific deal it is impossible to judge whether people would be happy with the terms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While there was a narrow majority for a vague commitment to leave the EU (where the voters could believe whatever panglossian, incompatible terms they wanted to), there might be nothing close to a majority when the specific terms are clear.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This implies either that parliament could say staying is better than the specific deal negotiated or they could argue that a second referendum is required to allow the people to vote on the specific departure terms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, even if parliament treats the result as binding, it doesn't mean it can make the actual decision to leave the EU without some further work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The most government can do is to negotiate a deal and, if the implications of the specific deal are unbearable, they would have to seek a further mandate to actually sign it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "PS", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As I was writing this Nicola Sturgeon claimed that the Scottish government might actually be able to veto any decision to leave.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the legal authority of the UK parliament might not even be enough to trigger the act of leaving.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It looks as though nobody had fully though through the legal implications of Brexit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8658/matt_black", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "According to The Guardian, the referendum is not legally binding, and the final decision lies with Parliament. While the referendum is not legally binding, it is in practice. Now that the implications of the leave vote are becoming clear there are a number of issues that could prevent the UK from actually leaving the EU.", "The referendum is not legally binding." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The referendum is not legally binding." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Sec.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "10 states in part (irrelevant wording removed):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation, grant letters of marque or reprisal, emit bills of credit, ...\" \"No state shall, without consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"No state shall, without consent of Congress, ... enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power ...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I cut a lot of the text, but the Constitution makes it clear that an individual state cannot be a party to a treaty or make deals with foreign governments.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "California can pass its own emissions caps, carbon credits, etc., but they only apply within the state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It cannot enforce those provisions outside its jurisdiction, nor can it set up a system of carbon credit swaps with foreign powers or even other U.S. states.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It also can't impose tariffs on imports that don't satisfy environmental limits (although it can tax its own citizens for selling/using them).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is a lot that California can do on its own to enact some of the provisions of the treaty.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But they are strictly limited in their ability to cooperate with international efforts, and to have their efforts recognized internationally.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "FYI:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Letters of marque and reprisal are old English terms for taking actions to sanction another country or state for violating their laws.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A bill of credit refers (in this case) to monetizing carbon credits or some such system of cap and trade that would have the effect of turning them into a tradeable commodity on par with currency.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9351/Wes Sayeed", "score": 43 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Only countries and some international organizations can be parties to international law and treaties, so formally only secession could make California a formal signatory of the Paris Agreement.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, AFAIK, nothing forbids California Governor or Legislature to make a declaration by which they declare to abide by the Paris Agreement and approve the laws and measures needed for this objective, as long as they do not conflict with the Federal powers (the only one that I can think could interfere would be the Commerce Clause).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/6259/SJuan76", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The State of California cannot be a signatory or otherwise represent themselves as a separate entity on par with other nations or as anyway act as representing the United Sates, that's a clear violation of the Logan Act, but they could pass similar laws or just voluntarily abide with the agreement.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There is nothing stopping say Leonardo diCaprio from selling his yachts and airplanes and flying coach.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know if that would \"differentiate\" CA in your estimate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9790/K Dog", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No, because that's not what \"ratify\" means.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The details vary from country to country but essentially what happens is that the executive signs the treaty, which says, \"I agree that our country should do this, but I need to check with the folks back home.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The legislature then gets the chance to ratify the treaty (say \"We agree\") or not (say \"That's crazy talk!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We ain't doin' that!\").", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So California cannot ratify the treaty for the simple reason that California isn't a signatory.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "And California isn't a signatory because foreign relations is the exclusive domain of the federal government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4544/David Richerby", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Not directly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Paris Agreement is a protocol under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The latter is the real treaty.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The reason this formula was chosen, instead of a separate agreement, is to let President Obama bypass Congress.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, it means that the Paris Agreement can only include parties who already ratified the UNFCCC (Paris Agreement article 20), which California didn't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, ratifying the UNFCCC is also not an option, for the reasons given in other answers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10643/MSalters", "score": 5 } } ]

[ [ "Only countries and some international organizations can be parties to international law and treaties, so formally only secession could make California a formal signatory of the Paris Agreement. The State of California cannot be a signatory or otherwise represent themselves as a separate entity on par with other nations or as anyway act as representing the United Sates - that's a clear violation of the Logan Act - but they could pass similar laws or just voluntarily abide with the agreement. ", "California is not a signatory thus only secession would work in this instance. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "California is not a signatory. Only secession would work in this instance. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Almost the entirety of foreign policy apparatus is laid out and reserved in Articles 1 and 2 of the Constitution, and therefore inherent in the Congress and the Presidency.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example the President has the power, with advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint Ambassadors, is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Similarly the Congress can declare war.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The treaty power is shared among them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Article 4,", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "section 4 of the Constitution does allow for this: The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can see it is limited in scope, and actually centralizes the foreign policy apparatus in the federal government in addition to Articles 1 and 2.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We also have the Tenth Amendment that reads: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Tenth Amendment allows states to engage in trade missions with countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here is a Massachusetts example.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that limits on what they can and can't negotiate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These sojourns certainly are not unusual: Cassey studied a decade-long period starting in the mid-1990s and found about 500 trade missions led by governors nationwide, with more than 40 states launching at least one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "“Governors tend to go to the places where there are already strong relationships,” Cassey said.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Business leaders say it’s particularly important that the governor personally participate in the trips, rather than send emissaries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A governor’s trade mission can close deals and open doors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These trips create deadlines to finalize a business deal or an expansion plan, to ensure the politicians have success stories to unveil during their tour.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And a governor, as the state’s most prominent elected official, can line up in-person meetings with hard-to-get political officials and business executives.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally you have the Logan Act, which was established to prevent anyone from separately creating foreign policy other than the federal government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wikipedia has a good enough summary: The Logan Act (1 Stat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "613, 18 U.S.C. § 953, enacted January 30, 1799) is a United States federal law that forbids unauthorized citizens from negotiating with foreign governments having a dispute with the U.S.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It was intended to prevent the undermining of the government's position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Act was passed following George Logan's unauthorized negotiations with France in 1798, and was signed into law by President John Adams on January 30, 1799.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Act was last amended in 1994, and violation of the Logan Act is a felony.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9790/K Dog", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To a large extent, states are explicitly banned from conducting most types of foreign relations by the U.S. Constitution, unless they get the consent of Congress first: No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports , except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No state shall, without the consent of Congress , lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "-- Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution of the United States of America (emphasis mine)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4846/reirab", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No, states defer to the federal government for foreign policy: defense, treaties, diplomats/embassies, etc.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "State governments may be involved with foreign businesses; for example, a state might negotiate with a business and offer tax incentives for the business to open an office or factory within the state and higher employees.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But official foreign policy is a function of the federal government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4753/jalynn2", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Since they have large autonomy technically the states are set up as \"sovereigns\" where the feds have only \"enumerated\" jobs and everything else goes to the states.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "in reality, the states are much closer to \"provinces\" than \"states / sovereigns\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/11511/dannyf", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As a small-scale example, the reciprocal drivers license program Japan has is granted on a state-by-state basis, because driving laws and road tests, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "differ from state to state. https://www.seattle.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/00_000235.html", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25245/Frustrated driver", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Only countries have foreign policies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As Google defines it, a government's strategy in dealing with other nations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And Wikipedia's definition :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A country's foreign policy, also called foreign relations or foreign affairs -policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since states are not nations and they still belong to the United States, they won't have their own foreign policy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Imagine each state negotiate their own policy, it would result in a very divided country with no clear direction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The only exception I can think of would be the Special Administration Regions of China which includes Hong Kong and Macau, however they still follow China's broad policy and direction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9638/Panda", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "States defer to the federal government for foreign policy: defense, treaties, diplomats/embassies, etc.", "Foreign policy is decided by the federal government." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Foreign policy is decided by the federal government." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The term you are looking for is recall .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The wikipedia article suggest Venezuela is the only country with a national process to unseat a leader by petition.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the US, Canada, Switzerland and Ukraine have options for removing lessor leaders.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most notably the governor of the state of California was changed by recall in 2003.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This isn't a country exactly, but it is a very large and important district.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No, since impeachment means charging a government official with a crime or misdemeanor.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "As Wikipedia phrases it : Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body formally levels charges against a high official of Government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Impeachment does not necessarily mean removal from office; it is only a formal statement of charges, akin to an indictment in criminal law, and is thus only the first step towards removal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once an individual is impeached, he or she must then face the possibility of conviction via legislative vote, which then entails the removal of the individual from office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Doing this by public opinion polls would be ridiculous.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you mean \"allow leaders to be removed from office by low approval ratings\", then also no, I can't find any examples of countries that have codified that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For better or worse, your vote is for a period of about 4 years (depending on your location etc.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Changing leaders/direction every year based on a whim or a temporary setback/scandal/downturn is probably not a great idea.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Practically any country with a prime minister allows leaders to be removed by unpopularity.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They aren't \"impeached\" but just replaced.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The prime ministers could be unpopular with their own party and replaced as party leader.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That happened to Margaret Thatcher for example.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Prime ministers tend to be chosen by coalitions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A member of the coalition can leave and join the opposition.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then a vote of confidence can be called, fail, and a new government formed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The exact procedure of course differs from country to country.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The new government does not necessarily need to include the leading party of the old government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If a government can't be formed, some countries may have provisions to force a new election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the United States, two presidents have been impeached and put on trial.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Neither was removed from office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In both cases, the impeachment reason was something of a pretext.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Andrew Johnson was deliberately baited into violating a possibly unconstitutional law.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bill Clinton gave misleading answers to improper questions about his personal life.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So effectively an unpopular president could be removed by impeachment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They'd just need to find an excuse to do so.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4666/Brythan", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, by definition all democracies have the function you describe.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "An election is a mechanism for measuring a candidate's public approval relative to other candidate's.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An elected official's term eventually ends and they can be removed from power or brought back solely due to their relative approval rating.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many, but not all, democracies have a function is used to remove an officer from power based on their approval ratings without waiting for their term to end.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These may be called recall elections, although they may have other names in other localities.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/3169/indigochild", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "NSBD did a great job pivoting with your question-- Impeachment is a process that can only be invoked following a crime (though, as history has shown, the individual does not always wait for the results of an impeachment proceeding, and may resign preemptively -- e.g. Richard Nixon).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the case of Richard Nixon, Senate confirmation of the impeachment was all but certain, but this not always the case -- Bill Clinton was impeached by the House (i.e. articles of impeachment based during House impeachment proceeding), but was acquitted during the Senate proceeding.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Numerous U.S. states have procedures for recalling executives.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, the recall (along with the ballot initiative and referendum) are key achievements of so-called progressive reform in the U.S.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are also examples of direct democracy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While California's recall of Gray Davis is one of the more well-known examples of the use of a recall, eighteen U.S. states have recall provisions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To add my \"two cents\" here, it is a good thing that presidents can not be removed due to low opinion polls for three main reason: 1) polls are an imperfect measure of popular opinion", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "so it's possible a poll does not precisely reflect \"true\" popular opinion); 2) unpopularity is a reflection of a president's personal and political shortcomings, and these shortcomings should be addressed through political means (elections, but also other features like federalism and checks/balances between the executive and other branches); and 3)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "[this one is a bit more of a stretch] like", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the Judicial Branch sometimes makes decisions contrary to popular opinion, so does the President sometimes have to make unpopular decisions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, it would be inopportune for a President to be impeached during a war or natural disaster as opposed to afterwards as a reflection of their incompetence, ineffectiveness, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13568/Igor G", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "By definition, all democracies have this function. Practically any country with a prime minister allows leaders to be removed due to unpopularity. ", "Impeachment means the official needs to be charged by a crime or misdemeanor but a leader can be removed by unpopularity." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Impeachment means the official needs to be charged by a crime or misdemeanor but a leader can be removed by unpopularity." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Currently gerrymandering has no effect on US Senators.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, before the ratification of the 17th amendment to Constitution, Senators were elected/chosen by the state legislature.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The state legislature, including its senators(at least in my state), have and have had districts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, since gerrymandering started \"officially\" in 1812 and since the 17th amendment wasn't passed for another 100 years , US senator elections could have and probably were affected by gerrymandering.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although, its effect was more indirect.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12855/discodane", "score": 39 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While the state-wide nature of gerrymandering would make one think that it has no effect, it certainly could.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elections are run at the state level, so a state-gerrymandered election could alter that balance of power in the state legislature, which would effect things like voter-suppression measures, enactment and enforcement of campaign finance regulations, and the ability of elections to be monitored and for rules to be enforced by non-partisan (or partisan) entities.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Wisconsin, this was, in part, the basis of their gerrymandering case/challenge that will now be heard by the Supreme Court.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2012, Democratic candidates got the majority of State Assembly votes, but the GOP won a huge majority in that lawmaking body.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The GOP enacted voter ID and other restrictive measures, that have been struck down, then reinstated, by different levels of the courts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It would be difficult to claim this did not have an impact on state-wide results.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those in power (regardless of party) tend to favor policies and practices that perpetuate their power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10422/PoloHoleSet", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The above examples are correct that current gerrymandering does not have an effect on US Senators.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, the division of territory into states itself has been alleged to be a consequence of gerrymandering, specifically in the late 19th Century the Republican party ensured that more states were created in territories friendly to their party, notable Dakota being admitted as two states and not as one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15265/Neil Tarrant", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The idea of gerrymandering is that you draw districts to give your party an advantage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Like if there are 100,000 Party A voters and 100,000 Party B voters to be divided among 10 districts, a fair election should presumably result in 5 winners for party A and 5 for party B.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But suppose the people with the authority to draw district lines prefer party A. Even if they are obligated to make every district have the same number of voters, they could, at the most extreme, draw 1 district that has 20,000 B's and 9 districts each with 8,889 B's and 11,111 A's.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then they end up with A winning 9 seats and B winning only 1.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But you can't do this for Senate elections, because Senators don't have a district", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", they represent the entire state, and state boundaries are essentially fixed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suppose when the state borders were originally drawn Congress may have tried to do some gerrymandering, but any such effort would have only short-term value as people move and political opinions change.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As it's now been almost 60 years since the last state entered the union, it's unlikely that any attempts to gerrymander back then would still have the expected results.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "State borders change occasionally, but those are minor adjustments.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know what the most people ever moved to another state through such an adjustment is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe somewhere along the line there was an election that was close enough and enough people moved that it changed the outcome.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suppose that, as @PoloHoleSet says, gerrymandering could have indirect results.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A change to the composition of the state legislature could lead to different election laws which could change the outcome of a Senate race.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5519/Jay", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I agree with PoloHoleSet that there could be important indirect effects of gerrymandering.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He mentioned voter suppression, which is certainly a problem in my state of North Carolina.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Gerrymandering could also affect voter turnout, especially in off-year elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, I live in a heavily Democratic county, so Democratic that we can swing statewide elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In an off-year, voters know our Congressional and state reps are going to be Democratic, so local voters might not be as motivated to take the time to go the polls.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If there happens to be a Senatorial election, those are votes left on the table for the Democratic candidate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15293/awrobinson", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In addition to what every body else said (and excellent answers) it also depends on your exact definition of gerrymandering.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Besides the intentional gerrymandering, there also is unintentional gerrymandering.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people argue that this might actually be a bigger problem than the intentional gerrymandering - one example is white flight, which in effect resulted in de-facto gerrymandering between downtowns and suburbs, even without redrawing districts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This type of unintentional gerrymandering does take place on a massive scale on the state level, as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One example where this was particularly obvious was the 2016 Presidential election, where one candidate won one large state by such a massive margin, and lost many smaller states by slivers of margins , that one single state by itself caused the electoral college result to differ from the popular vote", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(the state was California - if add up the remaining 49 states and DC, the other candidate comfortably won the popular vote as well as the electoral college).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That is, of course, the classic effect how gerrymanders work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, she also won a few other states, some by large margins, but the margin in California was higher than the nationwide margin.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Another example of (intentional) state-level gerrymandering is the \"Free State Project\" , which aims to recruit 20,000 libertarian volunteers to move to a low-population state (they selected New Hampshire) in order to \"take over\" that state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/11871/Kevin Keane", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Currently, gerrymandering has no effect on US Senators. ", "Gerrymandering does not impact US sentaors." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Gerrymandering does not impact US sentaors." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Apart from the obvious moral issue, there's also the fact that you risk encouraging other types of discriminatory behavior against all females, because after all, if this particular type of discrimination is acceptable, then why should this other type of discrimination not be?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You may argue that a female fetus is not comparable to a female who has already been born, but that's an opinion, not a fact, and people will disagree with you.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You also risk alienating your female population, making them feel unwanted or inferior, which can have numerous effects on their self-worth and quality of life.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16903/Jaood", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In addition to the other answers, there is a social and economical problem, at least in China: Eastern Asian countries (China, South Korea, Japan,...) are very conservative and are the family organization is tightly structured:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You get a good job.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You get married.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You make children.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You spend money on the education of your children so that they enter a good university.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your children graduate the university and get a good job.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your children take care of you when you get older.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The importance of the family and solidarity between generations is especially important since the welfare system in these countries is not as developed as it can be in Western countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A lack of women means that many men will stay unmarried, and be without children to take care of them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, culturally, being unmarried is seen as a big failure in life.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4494/Taladris", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Wouldn't it also mean there is a large number of men with no woman to marry?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That may lead to higher rates of sexual deviance, as a large number of single men are sleeping around with other people's wives, leading to higher divorce rates, adultery, and the possibility of rape.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could also lead to an emigration of men who can't find wives which would impact the work force of a country that is trying to industrialise itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The government would have an interest in preventing adultery and promiscuity for the purposes of preventing STI's, and also preventing divorces.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They also have an interest in keeping a strong workforce so keeping working age men from emigrating is important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, as suggested in the comments, China has a big problem with women from other countries being imported as sex slaves for lonely men due to the lack of women to marry, this is also obviously problematic and costs the government money.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "http://thediplomat.com/2017/07/chinas-trafficked-brides/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/14439/Charlie", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "When one group with some common concerns is targeted for abortions, their powers in democracy are diminished.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An sample to illustrate easier: blacks in the USA.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "About twenty million blacks fetuses have been aborted in the USA since Roe v Wade.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The current Black population is forty million.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How much more powerful of a voting block would sixty million be?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They'd get more politicians that appealed to them and cared about their struggles.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The last election result would have flipped unless the rhetoric used was different.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now apply the above to women.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Can having a bias in the voting population bias against women negatively affect them?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10482/Lan", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is the moral issue.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You seem to think that any policy can be analysed in terms of (economic) benefit to the government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You ask \"why is it in the government's interest\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My case is that governments often don't act in their own economic interest.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Governments are not just machines generating profit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are composed of people who started doing their job because they thought that they could make their country a better place for the people living in it (better and not just richer).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Politicians are moral creatures.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Law of the Land is a written expression of the moral choices made by politicians over the years.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In all countries, the political leaders can act to prevent something just because it is wrong .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As an example, consider the UK Hunting Act (2004) which bans the hunting of wild mammals (eg foxes) with dogs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is very little economic case for banning fox hunting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The foxes can't vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The reason for the ban was moral .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A majority in Parliament believed that hunting with dogs was wrong .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many countries have anti discrimination laws.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In India, discrimination by caste is illegal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The reason is not the economic interest of the government, it is moral.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The law in China is weaker (as might be expected from a totalitarian government), but Chinese employment law disallows discrimination by gender.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The reason for this law is again because the Chinese government want to disallow actions that they see as wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There does not need to be an economic argument for such a law, (and the Chinese government doesn't need to worry about votes.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The fact that something is wrong is sufficient reason to legislate Now creating a gender imbalance in society may have some negative impact, which would add to the other social issues that India and China face.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But this is not the reason that it is \"a very large issue\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead, the political leaders see sex-selective abortion as a moral failure and so create policies to act against it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8554/James K", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "India is a constitutional democracy and it is in the best interest of the Government to \"defend the Constitution\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Indian Constitution (and thus the people of India) enshrines the value of equality and non-discrimination on the basis of gender.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, sex-selective abortion is morally as well as legally considered to be discriminatory against the female sex, and it also could further justify other subtle forms of gender discrimination.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even the policy of population control, however urgent, needs to be within the bounds of the law of the land.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus, the Government cares a lot to prevent sex-selective abortion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12440/SMJoe", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "What's wrong with sex-selective abortions?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Done in volume, as it was in China and India, you will end up with an entire generation that has an imbalance, as in a lot more men than women.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, what happens when that generation reaches childbearing age as is currently the case?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not enough women...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "lower birth rate that can't be quickly corrected.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That can ripple through several generations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/14788/tj1000", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Apart from the obvious moral issue, there's also the fact that you risk encouraging other types of discriminatory behaviour against all females. If this particular type of discrimination is acceptable, then why should any other type of discrimination not be? You may argue that a female foetus is not comparable to a female who has already been born, but people will disagree with you. ", "The government would care because it is wrong from a moral perspective and will encourage discriminatory behaviour towards women. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The government would care because it is wrong from a moral perspective and will encourage discriminatory behaviour towards women. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The name Islamic State is a claim to a global caliphate .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This claim is rejected by everybody else, from western leaders to Muslim leaders , to other Islamic extremists .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"so-called\" is added to make it clear that this is not an objective or descriptive term, but a self-chosen label which does not reflect the true nature of a group.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It happens with other groups and organizations as well, such as \"so called alt-right\" to make it clear that it is a white supremacist propaganda term, or \"so called GDR\" to make it clear that it is not actually a democratic republic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8062/tim", "score": 99 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Because they (Daesh) claim that their government is \"Islamic State\", but they consider most of Muslims as polytheist or infidel, and on the other hand, the majority of Muslims all over the world consider them to be fake Muslims.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We face with two facts:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the one hand they (Daesh) are known in the media as \"Islamic State\", so in order to talk about them one will inevitably call them \"Islamic State\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, they are not really an \"Islamic State\" (not Islamic nor a state), so one cannot call them \"Islamic State\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As a result, one calls them the so-called \"Islamic State\" .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Update: this part is explanation of \"they are not really Islamic State\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact this is my deleted comment that answers a deleted comment that call Daesh as \"strict Islam\": No.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are not \"strict Islam\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's cartoon of Islam, not strict Islam.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They read only war verses of Quran, not verses like: Say, \"O People of the Scripture, come to a word that is equitable between us and you - that we will not worship except Allah and not associate anything with Him and not take one another as lords instead of Allah.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But if they turn away, then say \"Bear witness that we are Muslims.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Qur'an 3:64 ...nor verses like...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There shall be no compulsion in acceptance of the religion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The right course has become clear from the wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Qur'an 2:256", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They also don't consider many other verses that forbid killing people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Qur'an as a book should be taken as a whole.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7739/user 1", "score": 36 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This is a specifically BBC policy, that some other outlets are following.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The general policy at the BBC is to use the name for a group that is generally understood, and that the group itself uses.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When Daesh were first expanding in Syria and Iraq, there were t", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "wo names in somewhat widespread use : ISIS and ISIL, both of which are abbreviations of possible translations of Al-Dawla Al-Islamiya fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The BBC chose ISIS.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Political leaders in the UK and US chose ISIL.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "After Daesh had captured Mosul and declared independence the BBC started using \"Islamic State\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The organisation was clearly in control of territory.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This seemed to be the term in widespread use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In a radio interview, following the attack on the Tunisian beach resort of Sousse, David Cameron said: I wish the BBC would stop calling it Islamic State because it’s not an Islamic state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What it is, is an appalling, barbarous regime …", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It’s a perversion of the religion of Islam and many Muslims listening to this programme will recoil every time they hear the words Islamic State … 'So-called' or Isil is better.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There were other complaints to the BBC, but it seems that the BBC did not want drop the term \"Islamic State\" completely.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So it was decided (presumably by someone quite high-up, perhaps James Harding, head of BBC News)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "that presenters would prefix \"so-called\" before \"Islamic State\" for at least the first time each journalist uses the expression in a report.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other news outlets have followed suit, the BBC has a lot of influence on British Media.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8554/James K", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "French middle east specialist 'Jean Pierre Filiu' explains that it is one of the goal of their propaganda towards western countries to appear as a state, and the state where any good muslim should go.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(explained in French in this radio program :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He notes that this is the first time that a terror group name is translated into western languages (IS for english, Etat Islamique in french, ...), while other groups name like 'Al-Qaeda' (litterally 'The Basis'), were never translated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, western media have followed the policy in 2 rounds:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "let's translate the name", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": we understand what it means, so let's go, and Probably this was a little bit stupid, falling directly in their propaganda, let's add the 'so-called' before...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No media made the choice of going back to the arabic word which has no particuliar other meaning than designing a terror group.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16360/Wilfried Maineult", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The journalists are using term 'so-called state' to prevent controversies about the word 'state' which is used to describe a geopolitical unit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ISIS as a government is not acknowledged by any western state (they are not even called 'partisans' or 'rebels', instead they are referred as 'terrorists').", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Using the term 'Islamic State' without 'so-called' could be interpreted, as if a specific journalist would consider they as a government that at least could be a candidate for acknowledgement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Saying 'so-called' makes it sure that you distance yourself from considering them a legitimate government, or sympathize with their claims.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In international politics, you need to be very careful about the names.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/57/Danubian Sailor", "score": 7 } } ]

[ [ "Daesh claim that their government is \"Islamic State\", but they consider most Muslims as polytheist or infidel. On the other hand, the majority of Muslims all over the world consider them to be fake Muslims. ", "The Muslims there are considered to be polytheist or infidel and this is the reason \"so-called\" is used. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The Muslims there are considered to be polytheist or infidel and this is the reason \"so-called\" is used. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Simply because abandoning territorial claims will do nothing: It will neither eliminate the military threat of the \"North\" Korea, nor would it relax the tensions.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It requires enormous amounts of legal work, including adopting amendments to the Constitution of Korea.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is why: Both governments claimed sovereignty over the whole Korea, however in a different manner: Constitution of Korea (Article 3) claims its sovereignty over entire Korean peninsula ; Constitution of \"North\" Korea (Article 1) claims its sovereignty over all Korean people .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Article 2 talks about \"the liberation of the homeland\" (obviously, including the \"Southern\" Koreans) from \"imperialist aggressors\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is no peace treaty signed yet (the 1953 Agreement deals with armistice only );", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Retracting the territorial claims can be done on a mutual basis , probably as a part of Peace Treaty , when both sides to retract their claims; There are reasons to think that the DPRK is not going to keep its promise, should any be given.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most likely, adopting amendments to the cornerstone articles of the Constitution would require conducting a National referendum and convincing the majority of the citizens.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We could safely assume that there is a powerful lobby against that: the Wikipedia article for Korean reunification contains some introductory links that indicate controversy in public opinion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/2984/bytebuster for Long Usernames", "score": 55 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As a German the message By now it's completely obvious that the Korean peninsula won't be reuniting any time soon.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "has no merit for me at all .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I can assure you as contemporary witness that nobody expected a German reunification as far as 1988, two years before the final reunification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It was a big stroke of luck that Russia had no interest to aid the old government with military help (yes, they asked frantically for it) and that the resentment was running so deep that the own army denied any involvement and", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the demonstrations were so big that neither police nor Stasi could suppress it anymore.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Neither is the argument of the different enormous economic differences convincing .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes, the reunification of Germany was extremely costly and long, but it also showed opportunities.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The land will split into the two regions and the enormous inner demand and a good supply of cheap workers could boost the economy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "During the 90s many countries were thinking that Germany tried to bite off more than it could chew and was a sinking star (Remember the \"old Europe\" quip from Rumsfeld 2003?).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Well, the situation now...there is an idiom in Germany.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is translated as \"Pity is given as a present, but envy must be earned\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We really don't know what the future will bring.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the North Koreans continue to annoy and disgrace China, their presumed ally or if a revolution is triggered in China or if the government in North Korea are simply not able anymore to support their population and their soldiers(!)...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I do not rule out that South Korea will be reunited during my lifetime.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5644/Thorsten S.", "score": 31 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is the official government policy of both North Korea and South Korea to unify.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is due to the historical fact that Korea was unified before World War II.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Both countries were unified for more than a thousand of years , under various names, including the Greater Korean Empire from 1897 to 1910, Joseon from 1392 to 1897 and Goryeo from 918 to 1392.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Both countries have a shared history and culture.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In addition, they have also proclaimed reunification as an eventual goal after the Korean War, signing the 7 · 4 South and North Korea Joint Statement , outlining this aim.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, given the recent development of North Korea's nuclear weapon programme, it has made denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula a bigger priority than reunification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While reunification may be increasingly difficult now due to the divergence of their economies and social structures, it's worth remembering that they have only been separated for less than a century, as opposed to being unified for a millennium.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As such, both North and South Korea will not give up their claims of each other.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9638/Panda", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Why doesn't South Korea give up its claim on North Korea?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let me ask a rhetorical question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why doesn't the north give up its claims on the south?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "By now it's completely obvious that the Korean peninsula won't be reuniting any time soon.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No it isn't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously Germany split around the same time as the Koreas but still reunified.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If there is any angst about that, I haven't heard it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Beyond the question of whether or not the community wants to reunite, there is also the constant possibility of military action.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The United States is not going to rule North Korea under martial law.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the United States goes to war with North Korea, the only practical end (assuming a US victory) is for South Korea to take over in the North.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And if South Korea does that, their own constitution would require that they allow the north's citizens to vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They'd be reunited.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Personally, I would expect them to reunite by the end of the century.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously North Korea's model is not sustainable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it was, they wouldn't have to sell chemical weapons to Syria just to keep the lights on.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Koreas will either find a way to work together, which will inevitably to reunification, or North Korea will collapse, which will inevitably lead to reunification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The only path to keeping the two separate that I can see would be for China to manage North Korea as a client nation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And China doesn't seem very interested in doing that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suppose Russia could take the place of China if they wanted, but I'm not sure that anyone wants that either.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4666/Brythan", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One must also keep in mind that this situation is not two groups of people who are in conflict.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is largely the Kim dynasty in the north promoting the divide, not the people of N Korea.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Only the Kims and a few cronies benefit from the current situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Should the Kim dynasty fall, as in something unpleasant happening to Kim Jong Un, reunification becomes a possibility, albeit one with considerable economic issues in revitalizing the destitute north, and political issues with China.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "N Korea acts as a buffer between the capitalist south and China.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/14788/tj1000", "score": 5 } } ]

[ [ "Abandoning territorial claims will do nothing: It will neither eliminate the military threat of North Korea, nor would it relax the tensions. It requires enormous amounts of legal work, including adopting amendments to the Constitution of Korea because both governments claimed sovereignty over the whole of Korea in a different manner. The Constitution of Korea (Article 3) claims its sovereignty over entire Korean peninsula; The Constitution of North Korea (Article 1) claims its sovereignty over all Korean people.", "Abandoning their claim will not change the current climate of tensions and a National Referendum would also be required. Furthermore, both North and South Korea wish to remain unified. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Abandoning their claim will not change the current climate of tensions and a National Referendum would also be required. It is also government policy of both North and South Korea to unify. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "When thinking about political power and influence it is important to distinguish between formal and informal power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While the law explicitly provides some powers, often times the most significant powers are entirely informal (not defined in law).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Vice Presidency is a position that largely relies on informal power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Who Runs the Senate?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to the Senate website , historically the Vice President's major job was presiding over the Senate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Their job included administering the rules of the Senate, casting tie-breaking votes, and overseeing Senate floor meetings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Vice President's expenses were also funded through legislative appropriation at that time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This changed in the 1961 when Lyndon B. Johnson moved the Vice President toward an executive-focused role, rather than a legislative one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Currently the duties of overseeing the Senate are done by the President pro Tempore of the Senate .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, that position is largely viewed as being ceremonial or administrative rather than important, so it is often delegated to junior Senators to help them learn Senate procedure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So What Does the Vice President Do Now?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As mentioned in Ryathal's answer (and implied in the question) the Vice President doesn't have much Constitutional authority.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, they have a large degree of authority vested in them by the President (see this BusinessInsider article for an interesting discussion).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One interesting facet is that because the Vice President is elected, the President can't fire them - unlike other advisors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Stemming from this position, the Vice President has statutory (but non-Constitutional) roles - such as being a member of the National Security Council .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Vice President is executive staff, and an advisor without any particular portfolio.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So although they aren't vested power by the Constitution, their status as an executive officer, combined with being elected alongside the President, means that informally they are often have significant influence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/3169/indigochild", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The vice president is almost entirely a ceremonial position, the major purpose is to become the president at a moment's notice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The president is so important that it's worth it to have a full time back up.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is one other duty the Vice President has, he opens/presents the ballots from the states for presidential elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Being head of the Senate is essentially something for the Vice President to do while they are waiting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The vice president does have a lot of soft power, traditionally this was focused on legislative lobbying, but more recently the vice president has become part of the leadership team similar to a cabinet member.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/1827/Ryathal", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Actually, the Vice President has enormous power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are only two people in the USA who are elected by all 50 states (in a \"national election\") – the President and the Vice President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that the President cannot fire the Vice President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As both were elected by the people, the VP doesn't work for the President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Each can be removed only through the impeachment process.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "( See Article 2 Section 4 of the US Constitution )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Traditionally, the person occupying this office has been low key and subservient to the President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that's done out of loyalty and friendship, not by any constitutional or other legal requirement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A rogue VP could be disastrous for a sitting President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The VP commands national media attention, can draw huge crowds and can have a major impact on government, politics, culture, the economy, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, he/she is in a strong position to challenge the President on any matter, including the office itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The President, of course, also has leverage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She can at any time isolate the Vice President, taking everything from him/her, except that which the President cannot take away – the job itself and the two roles required by the Constitution: President of the Senate and second in line of succession.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The President can also drop the VP as a running mate during a re-election campaign.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But while the Vice President is in office, that person can have huge influence and", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "his/her job is as secure as the President's.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So it would be wise for a President to keep the Vice President happy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12464/Michael Benjamin", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The other \"enumerated power\" is provided by the 25th Amendment (section 4).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Vice President, in conjunction with a majority of department secretaries, can declare that the President is unable to discharge powers and duties of his office and temporarily suspend him.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10431/Dmitry Rubanovich", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The VP breaks tie votes in the Senate.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The most important power of the Vice President that has not yet been mentioned here is that, in addition to presiding over the Senate, the Vice President is also the TIE-BREAKING VOTE in the Senate.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This power can significantly affect the course of the country when you consider the Senate is responsible for approving Federal Court Judges and Supreme Court Justice nominations by the President.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Which have become quite partisan lately.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 3", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "U.S. Senate Since 1789, 268 tie-breaking votes have been cast.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Presiding over the Senate and casting the tie-breaking vote are the only powers the Constitution enumerates to the VP.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, traditionally, the VP also performs whatever tasks and duties the President requests.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As a result, some VPs have wielded significant influence and practical power in the White House.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The most notable recent example being VP Dick Cheney under President George W. Bush.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's also worth noting that the President has no power to fire the VP as the Constitution requires that the VP serve his/her full term unless impeached.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The POTUS can, however, if he runs again, choose a different running mate for VP.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5971/Rain Willow", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The vice president does have a lot of soft power, traditionally this was focused on legislative lobbying, but more recently the vice president has become part of the leadership team similar to a cabinet member. the Vice President, in conjunction with a majority of department secretaries, can declare that the President is unable to discharge powers and duties of his office and temporarily suspend him The most important power of the Vice President that has not yet been mentioned here is that, in addition to presiding over the Senate, the Vice President is also the TIE-BREAKING VOTE in the Senate. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. ", "The VP has soft power and can can temporarily suspend the President. Furthermore, the VP has the overarching vote in the Senate." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The VP has soft power and can can temporarily suspend the President. The VP has the overarching vote in the Senate." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "One of the main problems is that in most countries voting is anonymous.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's hard to find a way that people can vote online, without authentication (because anyone can only vote 1 time) and assure that the vote is not bound to an identity.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Hacking is also a major drawback, as regular voting is highly decentralised in most countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That makes it hard to manipulate on a large scale (especially from outsiders.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "i.e. not the government itself).If there is confirmed fraud on an online system (for example, more votes than citizens).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All votes are invalid and should be redone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In regular voting only the affected district should be redone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, it's nearly impossible to check if someone isn't forced to vote for someone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In most countries, you're forced to vote alone in some kind of box where you have privacy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nobody can force you to vote for a candidate or check what you have done in the box.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There could be someone with a gun on your head when you vote on your computer at home.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/19365/Mathias Maes", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The main two problems are security-related.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Auditability Auditability (that is, the ability to recount votes when results get challenged) is the most important problem by far for elections that matter.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "With physical ballots, you can always recount the results; and, in theory at least, the ballots get stored for years.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "With electronic votes, any amount of tampering could theoretically happen to the votes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, as happened recently in the US, the votes could get deleted .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can use techs like blockchain to reduce the risk of tampering with individual bulletins, but even that offers little protection if bulletins get tampered with wholesale - e.g. on the fly as they are cast, or by overwriting all votes before the counting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In practice the only real protection is printing the electronic ballot and having the voter vet and physically cast it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can then use the electronic votes to compute the results.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And if the result gets challenged, you can always resort to counting the physical ballots manually.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anonymity Anonymity has multiple underlying problems that relate to preventing people from voting more than once.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The latter is easy enough in theory: maintain a list of people who already voted, and prevent them from voting twice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In practice it's less simple.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At the physical level, timestamps can get in the way of perfect anonymity if the user-related tokens themselves aren't anonymous as well - but then you also need to figure out how to securely and anonymously deliver the token.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, you might want to allow voters to be able to change their votes just in case.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because they might want to correct a mistake, for instance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or, like in Estonia, because you might want a voter to be able to verify that what they've voted is what's registered in the system.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In theory you could use a cryptographically secure one-way hashing algorithm to guarantee anonymity here, but that still leaves the door open to tampering - e.g. by hacking voting devices so it confirms you've voted on X while actually casting a vote on Y. Note that, in practice, physical votes aren't a panacea either.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Horror stories include: Ballot stuffing, e.g. when a ballot box is left behind during a (fake) fire emergency.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ballot theft, e.g. by intercepting votes sent by snail mail, by making a ballot box disappear, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Irregular votes, e.g. when someone votes for you using a fake ID (or indeed no ID at all, in countries where there's no such a thing), or when dead voters are mysteriously casting votes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's arguably difficult to scale any of this when physical ballots are involved, but the point here is that physical ballots aren't a silver bullet.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Electronic voting, for all its problems, is not without merits in this sense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As one who worked a bit in the field, I expect that what will triumph in the end is a combination of the two as hinted further up: electronic votes backed with physical ballots.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It gives you the best of both worlds: quick counts and auditability.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(It might simply take the shape of a sophisticated enough ballot counting machine.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15531/Denis de Bernardy", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Transparency is one of the biggest arguments against online voting.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The more complicated the process by which votes are represented, the more expert knowledge you need to be able to trace the \"route\" necessary to transform the voters will into something countable and then into the actual result.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you vote on paper you can \"just\" count - the \"route\" taken is physical", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", i.e. you can monitor the paper trail, it does not take much expert knowledge.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whereas if you let people vote online, that puts more responsibility in terms of data security into the hands of the voter (which might be perceived as positive), but knowledge about how votes will be counted or how you would go about verifying that the voting process was not corrupted, requires more than just basic computer knowledge.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/2536/DrCopyPaste", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Drawbacks : User identity protection.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Hacks to tamper the data.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "force voting solution to drawbacks : use bitcoin's base technology", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "blockchain to secure the user identity.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most importantly it will be tamper proof.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Main challenge here will be design the right architecture and flow.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "for force voting allow the voting duration for say 10 days and within that duration allow user to change their vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/19369/Abhijit Gujar", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One aspect easily overseen is that secret voting not only means \"no one can observe my vote against my will\", but also \"no one can observe my vote even if I want to\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Mail voting aside, this is an extremely important concept of traditional votes, as it makes it nearly impossibly to buy or blackmail votes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If someone gives me $100 for my vote, how could I prove I voted for him?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am not allowed to share my vote with someone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In online voting, it's more like mail voting, which can only be tolerated for that reason if it's only a fraction of the votes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/19371/Bastian J", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "One of the main problems is that in most countries voting is anonymous, so it is hard to find a way for people to vote online, without authentication (because a person can only vote once) and ensure that the vote is not linked to an identity. Auditability (the ability to recount votes when results get challenged) is the most important problem by far for elections that matter. With physical ballots, you can always recount the results; and the ballots get stored for years. However, with electronic votes, any amount of tampering could theoretically happen to the votes. The main challenge here will be to design the right architecture and flow.", "The drawbacks are hacks, architecture and flow, transparency, user identity, auditability and tampering. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The drawbacks are hacks, architecture and flow, transparency, user identity, auditability and tampering. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Skripal was a double-agent who used to work for the Russian secret service GRU but defected to the UK intelligence service MI6.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He was arrested by the Russians in 2004.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2010, he was officially pardoned and exiled to the UK as part of a prisoners exchange.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So he is unlikely to still possess any not yet revealed intelligence which still has any value.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Still, assassinating him sends a clear message to any other would-be defectors in the Russian secret services: \"Do not defect!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other countries can not protect you from us.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even if you somehow manage to get an official pardon, we will still be out there to get you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And we will also get your family.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/3135/Philipp", "score": 102 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In addition to @Philipp's answer: Poisoned Russian spy Sergei Skripal was close to {an unnamed} consultant who was linked to the Trump dossier —", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Telegraph", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the above allegation is true, it could be that Skripal was somehow related to the Collusion, and the poisoning of him could be just a revenge for his betrayal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the recent events are developing rapidly, we probably can't answer a single reason .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It can also be a combination of several factors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/2984/bytebuster for Long Usernames", "score": 44 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have the feeling Russia has more to lose than to gain.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "After deploying an obvious trace by using a chemical weapon, it faces penalties by the EU, approved by the USA and further separation from the west (which the USA pushed since years).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the \"what Russia gains\" side we have a demonstration of power, by elimination of an insignificant spy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Maybe there is also some deterrence in case other spies decide to change the sides.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, deterrence can be achieved with more subtile ways too.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While all the secrets he knew about would already have been transferred in 2010, he would still pose a potential danger via his personal relationships with his former colleagues and their family members and friends.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While this is pure speculation, it is possible that Mi6 had tried to use Skripal to recruit new spies and that the Russians had found that out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4235/Count Iblis", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Russia gains nothing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Whatever knowledge the spy had, has been transferred by now.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"Sending a message to potential defectors\" is not needed at all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A potential defector would be well informed enough - just by being a spy - to know that no place in the world is safe (the Mossad proved that long ago when going after Nazis all over the world).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The fact that many defectors don't even try to hide their whereabouts after a couple of years is evidence that defectors know they will never be safe.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, various anti-Russia groups gain something by this poisoning: being able to point fingers at Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8912/Sjoerd", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Russia may have more to lose than to gain.", "Russia will have more to lose than gain." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Russia will have more to lose than gain." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Israel has a complicated relationship with Russia, which it doesn't want to hurt.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Russia is a major supporter of Assad's regime in Syria, which is aligned with Iran and Hezbollah, Israel's bitter enemies ( see here ).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yet, Russia does not interfere when Israel operates in Syria against them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Russia is also a significant importer of Israeli produce, as well as a significant source for tourism in Israel.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All in all, Israel has a lot to lose from upsetting Russia, and little to gain.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/14958/ugoren", "score": 85 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In January 2010, a team of Israeli government agents travelled to Dubai, UAE and, in a highly-sophisticated operation, assassinated a senior official of the terrorist organization Hamas.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dubai police were able to describe the operation by piecing together surveillance videos, which were released to the public.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Israel was subject to widespread international condemnation for the attack.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many countries responded to Israel with warnings, threats, arrest warrants and/or diplomatic expulsions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One country with no reaction was Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now that Russia has conducted a similar operation, Israel may be acting in-kind.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note: Both Israel and Russia have denied involvement in these operations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nothing has been proven in a court of law.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Therefore, the charges against Israel and Russia are mere allegations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahmoud_Al-Mabhouh https://youtu.be/bJujIwtdk8w", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12464/Michael Benjamin", "score": 76 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The action against Russian Diplomats is being led by the UK, not the US.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "UK and Israel are not particularly close.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other countries that have supported the UK are Countries with a close relationship with the UK:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "EU allies, Commonwealth allies or Nato allies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Israel is none of these.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Israel has a complex relationship with Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's not clear that the UK or her allies even asked Israel to act against Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8554/James K", "score": 37 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Israel's prime minister has a thin majority which includes the far-right and Russian-speaking Lieberman , who is minister of defense .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "His party historically gets most votes from Russians in Israel, who like Putin.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since Lieberman entered the government around 2009, Israel has cozied up a lot with Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel#Cabinet_members https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10455/Nemo", "score": 23 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Israel (along with North Korea, South Sudan and Egypt) is not a party to the Chemical Weapons Convention.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the UK is treating this as a CWC issue, Israel might not want to bring attention to its own status.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/6890/Keith McClary", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "After reading all the other answers and researching the Skripal incident a bit more, one possible explanation of Israel's \"inaction\" has occurred to me: Israel (Mossad) knows that the Russians (the government of the Russian Federation to be exact) was not involved.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This article (pro-Russia source warning!) suggests a possibility of a third party (other than Russia or the UK) being involved in the assassination.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They mention Ukraine, for example.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9256/ebhh2001", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Israel has a complicated relationship with Russia, which it doesn't want to hurt. Russia is a major supporter of Assad's regime in Syria, which is aligned with Iran and Hezbollah, Israel's bitter enemies.", "Israel wants to protect its complicated relationship with Russia since it supports Assad’s regime." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Israel wants to protect its complicated relationship with Russia since it supports Assad’s regime." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "An entire international body designed for restricting trade of nuclear materials was created in response to India's first test, and the US did impose sanctions on India for their tests in the 90's.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The reason India specifically hasn't been punished much is because they otherwise have a good nuclear record and claim to want stronger non-proliferation treaties.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Nuclear Suppliers Group:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The NSG is an export control group which was created directly in response to India's first nuclear test, the amazingly named Smiling Buddha .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The NSG is tasked with tracking and controlling materials that can be used to directly or indirectly create nuclear weapons.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since this certainly would have stopped imports of certain items controlled by the NSG, you can say that India(and many other nations) received sanctions indirectly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In regards to India's nuclear tests in the 1990's, the US strongly condemned India and imposed pretty strict sanctions on them in 1998 .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the following years, the US held talks with India regarding their nuclear program, though were unsuccessful in convincing India to reverse their program fully.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "India's Nuclear Record:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As was explained in an answer to a similar question , the situation in India is different that in other nuclear-possible countries, such as North Korea, since they have essentially adhered to the treaty since their tests.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the early 2000's, India and the US began working on an agreement which would allow India to begin working with the US to develop nuclear energy, with a good part of the rationale being that India has 'de facto' status as a non-proliferation nation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Essentially, India's polcies regarding no-first-use of the weapons, lack of apparent desire to create a large stockpile, and claims that they want to sign a stronger version of the NPT meant that other nations didn't see much need to sanction or otherwise punish India for their weapons program.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/19246/Giter", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There were sanctions imposed on India in response to India conducting its first successful nuclear test.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Article here (from 1998) reported the announcement .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13162/grovkin", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Why weren't any sanctions imposed on India for not signing the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is an absurd question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If some one is slapped by sanction for not signing a treaty, then why broach that treaty in the first place?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A sanction can be imposed for not abiding by the rules of the treaty while being a signatory.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But, that is also too far fetched.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Partners of that treaty can only expel that signatory, nothing else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I think all the answers so far are ignoring the herd of elephants in the room:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "India* is not a threat to anyone, India has a decent human rights record, India is unlikely to supply nuclear weapons or technology to jihadists, &c.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "*Feel free to substitue Israel in this if you like.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9722/jamesqf", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "India, Pakistan obtained their nuclear weapons in Cold War period.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pakistan is strictly backed by U.S. India have close ties with U.S. because, from U.S. point of view, it is some sort of counter-weight against China.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, some another reason not to do it - there is arguments for it, Pakistan have nuclear weapons, and have tensions with India, so India do it for defense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, answer is: in Cold War U.S. and USSR have many other things to do, without these sanctions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "it have rather close ties with U.S. North Korea example is full analogic, despite the fact, that North Korea do NOT have close ties with U.S.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is also such complex question as Israel nuclear weapons, but it is much more custom situation, hardly comparable with India/Pakistan/North Korea examples", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/20263/user2501323", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "Essentially, India's policies regarding no-first-use of the weapons, lack of apparent desire to create a large stockpile, and claims that they want to sign a stronger version of the NPT meant that other nations didn't see much need to sanction or otherwise punish India for their weapons program.", "India hasn’t been punished because it has a good nuclear record and wants a stronger non-proliferation treaty. Moreover, India is not a threat to anyone and has a good human rights’ record. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "India hasn’t been punished because it has a good nuclear record and wants a stronger non-proliferation treaty. India is not a threat to anyone and has a good human rights’ record. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "First let me mention your question \"Does she not want to burn jets in Russian Fire?\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "she does not want to British Jets to be shot down by Russians.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is a silly question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No sane leader engages in an action with the intent of having her own troops killed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Next you talk about \"Nato\" action.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While there is a good deal of unity in Nato and other Western countries, the action in Syria is a US military action, not a Nato joint command.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The UK has no treaty obligation to act.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now, In 2013 the UK parliament had a vote on joining US action in Syria.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "By a narrow margin the government was defeated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It was the opinion of Members of the House that military action in Syria would lead to more unnecessary bloodshed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While nobody in the government had any support for Assad who seemed intent on bombing and gassing the Syrians into submission, there was a lack of a credible exit plan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There was a plan for war, but no clear plan for peace.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The UK government has gone on to get approval for airstrikes in Daesh controlled Syria, but not for a general war with the Syrian Government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The individual countries in the Nato, and the Western Alliance more generally can choose if a particular action is in their interest, unless one of the members of Nato is attacked and invokes \"article 5\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The French and German militaries did not join the UK and US in Iraq.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The UK did not join France and the US in airstrikes on Syria in 2013.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "May has the authority to commit UK forces to action.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But she would seek Parliamentary approval to engage in war in Syria.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The potential benefits of perhaps removing a very dangerous leader would have to be balanced against the risks to British troops, and the risk of insurgency and a spread of terrorism.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At the end of the day, Theresa May is not joining an attack on the Syrian Government, because she does not think it to be in the UK's best interest.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8554/James K", "score": 42 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would not overthink this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I suspect it was nothing more than a desire to avoid getting involved in a war that had no upside for the UK.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, Trump's willingness to abandon NATO means he is not going to find friends for causes that are not in the US's allies interests.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is nothing to be gained by deposing Assad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Look at what happened in Iraq, and Afghanistan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Unless you are going to conquer the land for the spoils, war is a loss.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the past the US's allies have backed the US interventions because they needed to know that the US would be there if they were attacked.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The fears of the cold war have been replaced by new fears now.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those fears are not assuaged by the alliances that were formed to prevent another World War in the 1940s.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/169/SoylentGray", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "May's hesitance is as likely to come from domestic concerns as any geopolitical consideration.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There are two concerns in particular worthy of note: Theresa May is a weak leader of a minority government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is almost certain that the opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn will oppose strikes and likely invoke the whip to require Labour MPs to vote against it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that May's ability to get parliamentary support for action in Syria is uncertain.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While targetted action is likely to attract the support of enough Labour rebels and others to gain a majority, any action that has the potential to lead to more serious military conflict will be more difficult.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She has more important battles to spend political capital on than Syria.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the fallout from the Iraq war, the UK public is not perceived as being supportive of further military action in the Middle East.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "UK politicians are, accordingly, much less willing to support military action than they used to be.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4713/Jack Aidley", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The question assumes that NATO is relevant in the Syrian context.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "NATO's role is explicitly limited to Europe and North America.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "NATO has clarified that means Turkey can be a member, despite being only partially in Europe, and as a member the whole of Turkey is protected by NATO.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That means Syria becomes a NATO issue once Syrian troops cross the Turkish border, and Turkey asks for NATO support.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That simply hasn't happened.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, NATO also has a logistical aspect - NATO militaries use common standards, which facilitate cooperation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And such common standards still make sense in non-NATO operations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So when the US and friends use NATO standards to coordinate actions above Syria, that still doesn't mean it's a NATO operation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10643/MSalters", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The UK has a more precarious position with Russia than the US does.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Remember, Europe in general imports a LOT of Russian energy", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Russia's gas exports to Europe rose 8.1 per cent last year to a record level of 193.9bn cubic metres (bcm), despite rising competition and concerns about the country’s dominance of supply.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "State-run Gazprom, the world’s largest gas producer, has a monopoly over Russia’s network of pipelines to Europe and supplies close to 40 per cent of Europe’s gas.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it has been forced to lower its prices in recent years to protect its market share in the face of moves by EU member states to buy more gas from the US, Qatar and other producers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Getting into an armed conflict with one of your major energy suppliers is not on anybody's radar.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you don't believe me, just ask Crimea .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12027/Machavity", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "She did not refuse.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The U.K. joined the U.S. and France in military action against Syria on April 14.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "British Prime Minister Theresa May described the strike as \"limited and targeted.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She said she had authorized the British action after intelligence indicated Assad's government was responsible for the attack using chemical weapons in the Damascus suburb of Douma a week ago.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source: Reuters", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4846/reirab", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "This may have been nothing more than a desire to avoid getting involved in a war that had no upside for the UK. May's hesitance is as likely to come from domestic concerns as any geopolitical consideration.", "The war wouldn’t have benefited the UK and it had to be careful in its dealings with Russia." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The war wouldn’t have benefited the UK and it had to be careful in its dealings with Russia." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The shutdown doesn't really save the government much money.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The pay that is currently being withheld from exempted employees is guaranteed to be paid to them once the funding is there, and Congress has always voted in the past to send back pay to the non-exempt employees as well, and has indicated it will do so again now.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Besides that, while the shutdown is occurring any services that the government is currently procuring from private industry have to be put on hold unless the service itself is exempt, but of course the contracts are already funded for the whole period of performance, so the government is effectively throwing money away on those contracts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Really, there isn't very much money saved by doing the shutdown.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that everything listed here could be exempt anyway and ignore the lapse in appropriations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "New purchases are not being made, but will probably be made immediately after funds become available.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Contracts that expire during the shutdown similarly won't be renewed until after the shutdown is over, but will still probably be renewed as normal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In theory, there might be less of an upkeep cost to the facilities while there are fewer workers using them, but I doubt there's any significant costs that can be reduced there.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Depending on the wording of the Congressional approval for back pay for non-exempt employees, the back pay could only be paid if they don't quit while they are furloughed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, if the shut down lasted long enough, it would effectively force employees to find other work and forfeit their back pay.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd imagine no politician wants to come out in favor of not paying government employees so long that they are forced to quit to start making money again.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Since most government contracts have 1 year periods of performance, if the shutdown lasted a whole year it would run out most of the non-exempt contracts, which could save some money.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This particular concept requires a very long shutdown and probably wouldn't end up saving that much money though, since many services are likely exempt (or whatever the term is for approving obligating funds for a contract when there is a lapse in appropriations).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/6598/IllusiveBrian", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Consider an analogy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You may not like the idea of private cars, and think there ought to be a decent mass transportation system for everyone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Still, in the current world, there isn't a mass transit system where you live, so you pretty much have to commute to work by car.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How would you feel about another '70s-style oil embargo?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The conservatives might not like some aspects of government, but they generally want those parts they don't like removed in an orderly fashion.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The \"shutdown\" is pretty much across the board, also affecting things that conservatives do want.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Another factor is that it's a temporary shutdown: when it ends, all the backlog, from missed paychecks to undone paperwork to trash piled up in national parks, will have to be taken care of, probably incurring extra costs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9722/jamesqf", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A shutdown is bad for people, people who are voters.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Politicians want to stay on the good side of voters because at some point they will be up for re-election.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If conservative politicians are perceived to have caused and prolonged the shutdown then some voters who faced negative things because of it will remember and vote for someone who opposed the shutdown.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Just some examples of why a shutdown is bad: Federal workers don't get paid during the shutdown.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As such, they may have trouble paying their bills.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "National parks are closed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you had planned a trip to visit one, you may not be allowed to enter.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This article by Time lists some more consequences which may be considered burdensome by voters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18862/JJ for Transparency and Monica", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The premise is incorrect that conservatives \"don't like government\" or are altogether against government spending.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Conservatives oppose \"Big Government\" , or in other words, government trying to reach objectives that are not legitimate functions of government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Examples include college aid, welfare spending, and funding abortion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "None of these fits into the framework of the Constitution, which specifies the roles of federal government as \"to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity\" .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Funding unnecessary and overreaching programs foments division, not union.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Justice is best served by upholding equitable and fair laws, not by giving handouts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These programs are antithetical to conservative values, which explains why conservatives would work hard to keep the legitimate functions of government running and are OK with spending to keep them running (national defense, justice, legal review, law enforcement) but strive to interfere with activities that are not legitimate (spending taxpayer dollars on welfare or college aid, which is in effect buying partisan votes using non-partisan funds, etc.).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Conservatives strive to stem such programs to prevent runaway bloat and expansion of illegitimate functions, while focusing on the need to maintain the essential functions of government .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/20728/pygosceles", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Very few people oppose the concept of a government, so a government shutdown doesn't really benefit anybody.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Conservatives dislike some of the scopecreep that's happened, but they generally have some things they support - things like DHS, the FBI (until recent years?), the courts, police, military, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It strikes this liberal as a bit odd that conservatives tend to support the more aggressive parts of the government while also often trotting out the line that \"When governments fear the people, there is liberty.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\", but some hypocrisy is inevitable with any sufficiently large political movement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/21163/David Rice", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "No politician wants to come out in favour of not paying government employees. The \"shutdown\" also affects things that conservatives want. Politicians want to stay on the good side of voters because at some point they will be up for re-election. If conservative politicians are perceived to have caused and prolonged the shutdown then some voters who faced negative things because of it will remember and vote for someone who opposed the shutdown.", "Politicians want their supporters to stay on side and there is also not much money to be saved through the shutdown." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Politicians want their supporters to stay on side. There is not much money to be saved through the shutdown." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "You're assuming that the questions are asked solely for the public record.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's another reason...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Members of Congress want video of themselves asking good questions that will be broadcast by their local news media and / or used in campaign commercials.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "And another... Often times you'll notice that committee seats are empty during hearings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's because members come and go during the hearing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's possible that one member asks a question that was asked by another member earlier in the day before the first member arrived.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Although I don't think that was the case in the Cohen hearing, as the entire committee seemed to be present for the duration.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12464/Michael Benjamin", "score": 145 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Members of Congress may not fully trust the witness.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This is especially the case with Michael Cohen, who has been convicted of lying to Congress.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Asking a witness about the same thing multiple times makes them more likely to contradict themselves (or their written testimony) if they're lying.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Witnesses sometimes dodge questions or give incomplete answers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Members that aren't satisfied may ask again to press for more information.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Rep. Clay Higgins (R-LA) specifically gave this as a reason for one of his questions during Cohen's recent hearing .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm going to give you another opportunity to respond what you brushed off earlier regarding your own statement during this testimony...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Grandstanding.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The members may be looking to create clips and soundbites of themselves that can be politically beneficial in the future.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "On the flip side, when the witness is themselves a politician, opponents who sit on the committee can use the hearing as an opportunity to politically damage the witness.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7265/Justin", "score": 77 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In the example you cite, it was an extremely important question that links the president directly to a felony.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you have been asked this multiple times, it reinforces the answer and makes it impossible for you to walk back your answer later.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Normally prosecutors ask the same question multiple time you are looking for any inconsistencies in the answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25405/user2609404", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Congress members prepare ahead of time When members of Congress are part of a hearing like this one, they're not going to be coming up with their questions on the spot.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They will have prepared extensively in order to make sure that they ask all the questions they need in order to get the information (or make all the statements) they want.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In theory they could adjust the questions that they are going to ask based on which questions other members have already asked, but the more you alter a prepared plan", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "the more likely it is that you'll make mistakes when trying to implement that plan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Asking a question multiple times is far preferable to skipping a question because you mistakenly thought that it had already been asked, or because you were removing other questions and it got mixed in.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "So they stick with what's safe, and ask their questions even if those questions have already been asked during the hearing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/24694/Arcanist Lupus", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Public Congressional hearings are nothing but spectacles for voters masked as a serious inquiry.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Nothing ever comes out of them besides hours of video footage, as Congressmen don't need these hearings to arrive to any important decisions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At best, these hearings serve to justify a proposed law that's already been decided upon by one of the parties.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At worst it's just a waste of taxpayer money and a way for individual Congressmen to show off how tough and inquisitive they are.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this context it becomes clear that Congressmen only ask questions which make them look good on TV.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "And if one Congressmen finds a question that sounds good to the average Joe in their state, there's a high chance others would copycat them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could also be explained by laziness - since Congressmen don't really care about what's being said at the hearing, they're likewise too lazy to bother to follow what's been asked before.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sure, a few people would laugh at their supposed ignorance, but most voters won't notice that something's amiss.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7434/JonathanReez", "score": 6 } } ]

[ [ "Members of Congress want video of themselves asking good questions that will be broadcast by their local news media and / or used in campaign commercials. In this context it becomes clear that Congressmen only ask questions which make them look good on TV - this can also be used to create clips and soundbites that can be politically beneficial in the future. Asking a witness about the same thing multiple times makes them more likely to contradict themselves if they're lying. Members that aren't satisfied may then ask again to press for more information. Congress members will have prepared extensively in order to make sure that they ask all the questions they need in order to get the information (or make all the statements )they want.", "Members of congress want their questions broadcast for public support. Also, witnesses are more likely to contradict themselves by being asked the same question more than once if they are telling lies and thus this method reinforces their answer." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Members of congress want their questions broadcast for public support. Witnesses are more likely to contradict themselves by being asked the same question more than once if they are telling lies and thus this method reinforces their answer." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Sedition, the technical legal term for what you're talking about, is prohibited by section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This dates all the way back to the colonial era, and was originally used to suppress people pushing for India's independence from Britain.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Supreme Court of India ruled in 1962 that section 124A was constitutional, but that speech or actions only constitute sedition if it incites or tends to incite violence or disorder.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is apparently some ongoing issues with this, with allegations of various substance that people are being charged with sedition despite their speech and/or actions not meeting this standard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that's not terribly relevant to your question, though it might explain why it is of importance to you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Answering your question beyond that is difficult, however.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Free speech is enshrined in India's constitution, and indeed in several international treaties and conventions that India is a part of.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the jurisprudence on the matter seems inconsistent, with courts of all levels (including the Supreme Court) tending to produce conflicting precedents.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The simplest explanation may be historical momentum: this part of the IPC has been around for a long time, and it can be difficult to repeal or alter (or, at times, even find ) laws that are so old.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This gets exacerbated by the idea that, in principle, Supreme Court decisions have already made alterations to the law, and legislatures across the globe tend to be slow to make such formal alterations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is apparent in the United States, too, where many laws, state constitutions, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "formally contain provisions that have been held unconstitutional.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These have no legal force, and nobody tries to enforce them, so formally altering them is basically just political theater to most people (though technically, if the US constitution was suitably amended they could be rendered valid once again), and so time better spent elsewhere.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9921/zibadawa timmy", "score": 23 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'm not familiar with India, but in general, guaranteed freedoms are never absolute .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would be a recipe for anarchy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The enforcing authority (the government) has to limit every freedom at least a little, or else that freedom could then be used to infringe upon other freedoms.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In the US, freedom of speech is pretty sacred and generally interpreted by the courts very expansively -- that's why it's so hard in the US to sue someone for libel or prosecute someone for treason.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But even in the US there are serious limitations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As a basic example, it is illegal to use speech to directly incite a crime.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25460/Eli", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Governments Crave Self-Preservation", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The degree may vary, but all sufficiently large organisations eventually start gaining traits that promote its preservation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some see it as a government's duty to ensure it doesn't get toppled easily, others will point out that governments without such measures are likely to, in the long run, be toppled more often, leading to an evolutionary selection of sorts for governments with such measures.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Restrictions on speech against inciting a toppling of a government are one example of such measure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Others include monopoly on military force, on legislation and enforcement of law etc.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/24909/vicky_molokh", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In a democracy, you are allowed to advocate a complete overthrow of the existing government, via voting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While it is commonplace today, the peaceful transfer of power from one government to the next is just that - an existing government stepping down and allowing itself to be overthrown.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What you can't do is advocate violence, whether to overthrow a government or any other reason, because advocating a crime is generally not considered protected speech.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/21163/David Rice", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Since I have found that most of the answers are not India specific, I am adding to them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In India we derive freedom of speech and expression from Article 19 (1) (a).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This freedom is (like all the other 5) subjected to reasonable restrictions, 19 (2) specifically on freedom of speech.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Clause (2) of the article puts 8 restriction on freedom of speech namely, Sovereignty and integrity of state Security of state Friendly relations with foreign states", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Public order Decency or morality Contempt of court Defamation Incitement of offence", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If your speech is not hurting any of these then you're good and can oppose the government but inciting to rebel", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "threatens point 1", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "IF government is legally established (as it has people's mandate) and also point 8 to some extent (IPC Section 124A, but it's removal is debated).As sovereignty and democracy are basic elements of our constitution (Kesavanand Bharati case)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "it can't be amended and hence as long as democracy and rule of law is there you can't incite to rebel against a just and democratically elected government.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25475/Aditya Singh", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Because there is a law prohibiting it!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "'Free Speech' is an ideal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many constitutions, written or unwritten, set great store by it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But no country I know of allows unlimited free speech.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They all draw the line when it is misrepresentation, harmful, obscene, incitement to criminal action etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I know we're discussing India.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it is interesting to consider whether America's beloved Second Amendment, often interpreted as enabling citizens to overthrow a tyrannical government, implies freedom to discuss and advocate such an action.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10962/Laurence Payne", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Sedition is prohibited by section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The simplest explanation may be historical momentum: this part of the IPC has been around for a long time, and it can be difficult to repeal or alter (or even find) laws that are so old. The enforcing authority (the government) has to limit every freedom at least a little, or else that freedom could then be used to infringe upon other freedoms. Also, governments crave the notion of self-preservation. ", "Sedition is prohibited by Section 124A of the IPC and generally governments crave self-preservation and infringement of freedom to prevent other freedoms being jeopardised. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Sedition is prohibited by Section 124A of the IPC. Governments crave self-preservation. Infringement of freedom is important. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "It's not unheard of to hold local council elections, Scottish parliament elections and Welsh assembly elections at the same time, e.g. 2016 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_local_elections European elections sometimes get bundled in with those, like in 2014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Lastly, in 2015 the local elections and general election were held at the same time:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_local_elections", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If I remember correctly it's fairly common, if not predominant, that they're combined.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You just get N ballot forms, where N is the number of things you're voting for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anyway, my guess is that from a technical point of view", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "it's absolutely possible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's not happened yet as there's only been one year when a general election and European elections were in the same year - 1979 (the first European elections!) - and they were in different months.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A short notice period is needed - that's been 25 working days [corrected - thanks origimbo]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "since the fixed term parliament act was amended in 2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-term_Parliaments_Act_2011", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25922/Algy Taylor", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I doubt that it would be a single ballot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Formally, the two elections are separate, and mixing them on the same paper compromises this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "EU citizens in the UK can vote in EU elections, but not in British national elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They would need separate ballots.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Which ballot goes on top?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Are the parties in the same order on both ballots?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Can a voter vote in one election and abstain in the other, or would he have to spoil the ballot on the second election?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Is it even possible to spoil one ballot on the paper and not the other, or would the entire paper be discarded?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A more practical suggestion would be to hold two separate elections sharing the same polling stations on the same day.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Go to the left, vote for the national elections, then go to the right, vote for the EU elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8959/o.m.", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "No, the elections could be held on the same day, but it would be impractical to have a single ballot paper.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The constituency boundaries are not the same, and some people are eligible to vote in European elections but not in UK elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There would be two ballot papers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5334/Mike Scott", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If the elections are held on the same day, then two different ballot papers will be used.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In London, when the Mayor and Assembly are elected at the same time, three different ballot papers are used (one for Mayor, one for Assembly Constituency Member, one for Assembly At-Large Members).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These ballot papers will be different colours to help the voters, as well as the sorters at the count.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16799/Joe C", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes in the Netherlands we had such an election this month, however it was not on the same ballot", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "and I think it's unlikely somewhere in the world the same ballot will be used. Provincial Council elections and water boards On March 20, 2019, elections took place in the Netherlands.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You could choose the members of the Provincial Council.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You were also allowed to vote for the eligible members of the board of your water board.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The members of the Provincial Council then elect the members of the Senate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That will happen in May 2019.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Final results", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Immediate results will be announced immediately after the elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These results are only definitive if they have been approved by the Electoral Council.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Electoral Council will announce the final results on Monday, March 25, 2019 via news items on its own website.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/verkiezingen/20-maart-2019-verkiezingen-provinciale-staten-en-waterschappen", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/25928/Thomas", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "It's not unheard of to hold local council elections, Scottish parliament elections and Welsh assembly elections at the same time, as happened in 2016. European elections sometimes get included also, as was the case in 2014. It is common for elections to be combined and held on the same day, with different ballot papers being used. ", "It is commonplace for two elections to be run together but they would require separate ballots." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "It is commonplace for two elections to be run together but they would require separate ballots." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Parliament has one power.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It can pass motions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These motions can become Acts of Parliament and define new laws.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The text of the Act of Parliament is basically unlimited.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "An Act of Parliament can, in theory, consist of nothing but the word \"Rhubarb\" written 5000 times.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could contain a statement that \"pi = 4\", or it could repeal the law of Gravity.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These are silly examples, but they show that Parliament can create any act that it chooses.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How that relates to \"power\" is more questionable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously, an Act that declares \"pi = 4\" would have no effect on the actual value of pi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Similarly an Act that is unenforceable, will not be enforced.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Could Parliament change the electoral system to vary who gets to vote?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "they have done this multiple times in the past.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The direction of history has meant that the franchise has been extended each time, to include non-property-owning men, and then to include some women.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it is far from the case that \"everybody\" can vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Prisoners, under-18s, and The Queen, for example, have no vote in elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Parliament could make it impossible for women to vote, but such a law would be unenforceable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ultimate check on the power of any authority is the risk of violent revolution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This restriction on the power of any government is implicit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8554/James K", "score": 16 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There's a substantial difference between the theoretical and actual limits of authority held by Parliament.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "De facto", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the UK tradition Parliament's authority is theoretically absolute.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With a sufficient majority in the House of Commons any law can be passed and the authorities (police, judiciary, etc) can be directed to enforce that law.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The upper House of Lords can attempt to delay or amend those laws, but the lower house has primacy and can force them through after a certain amount of time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "De Jure", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All new laws must be 'assented' to by the Monarch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the Parliament are (again theoretically) subject to her failure to assent, the 'in law' position is that Parliament is not absolute since the lower House of Commons can't direct her to sign even with a majority vote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, without her specific consent to form a government and sit in session, Parliament is dissolved.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Realpolitik", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the real world, Parliament is bounded by a great number of limits; the need to secure a majority in both houses for normal legislation, the enforcability of laws that are passed, budgetary limits, EU law (for the time being), International Law, various treaties to which the UK is signatory and pressure from outside bodies with influence (such as foreign governments).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8640/Valorum", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another elephant in the room here is the European Convention on Human Rights , an international convention to which the UK is a party state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This effectively gives a supranational body, the European Court of Human Rights the power to pass judgement that a contracting state has breached provisions in the convention concerning human civil and political rights.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The original treaty does let states leave (denounce the treaty), but only after a 5 year cooling off period.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As with all international treaties, it's not entirely clear what would happen if a state just unilaterally stopped playing ball immediately, especially if it were willing to enter a period of North Korean style isolationism, but it is another element in play, beyond the various parties (and the two houses) of Parliament watching each other.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7424/origimbo", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The Fixed-term Parliaments Act means they have to respond to the electorate, eventually.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact this provision has existed for a long time in various forms", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Septennial Act 1715 provided that a parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned; this period was reduced to five years by the Parliament Act 1911.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The House of Lords can exercise some restraint in terms constitutionality of laws, although given the lack of a single, written constitution in the UK that's a complicated exercise.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Presumably the Queen can withhold Royal Assent on some completely insane law, but there isn't much in the way recent precedent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The last bill that was refused assent by the sovereign (on the advice of ministers) was the Scottish Militia Bill during Queen Anne's reign in 1708.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18373/Fizz", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Just to add to the other answers here, in theory the monarch can veto an Act of Parliament by refusing Royal Assent .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In practice Royal Assent is a formality and the theoretical power of veto is never exercised.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The last time Royal Assent was actually withheld was in 1708 .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However if Parliament voted to do something so clearly undemocratic as arbitrarily cancelling elections or disenfranchising the majority of the population then it remains a possibility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also relevant is the fact that the UK monarch is the head of the armed forces .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In theory the Queen could order the army to go and arrest the Prime Minister, and it would be a legal order that they would have to obey.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(An urban legend has it that Queen Victoria withheld assent to a law outlawing lesbianism on the grounds that no woman would ever do such a thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is not true.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13141/Paul Johnson", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Parliament has one power.", "Parliament has one power and thus holds absolute power. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Parliament has one power and thus holds absolute power. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor , Trust or Profit under the United States; but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Senate would be judging, so they would have to convict the president of it for there to be a punishment, as that’s how a court works.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The judgment is what determines if they would be removed and barred from running again, according to the above quote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Constitution quote from Wikipedia", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/24826/Stormblessed", "score": 21 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Being impeached is the equivalent of an indictment , not a conviction .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson were formally accused of wrongdoing, but never actually convicted of anything.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The direct text from the Constitution itself: The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The act of impeachment is distinct from a conviction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are no official consequences unless the President is convicted.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/21758/Ton Day", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Disqualification from holding office is a possible consequence of conviction.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Without conviction, there can be no disqualification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For more information, see Can a US President, after impeachment and removal, be re-elected or re-appointed? at Law .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/6927/phoog", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nothing happens directly to the president unless he is impeached and convicted.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If he is just impeached he can run for a second term and is a fully functioning president - same as if he wasn't impeached.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/28333/Burt", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It depends.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to the Washington Post , it depends on whether a vote on disqualification from holding office in the future is held: The question of whether Trump could nonetheless run for president next year is more complicated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the impeachment of federal officials, the Senate has adopted the practice of holding a separate vote on the issue of disqualification from future federal office after it votes for conviction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since at least the 1912 impeachment of Judge Robert Archbald, the Senate has required only a majority vote for disqualification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If no disqualification vote is held, even a convicted official can reenter federal service.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "U.S. District Judge Alcee L. Hastings was removed from office in 1989 after he was impeached in the House for engaging in a “corrupt conspiracy” — soliciting a $150,000 bribe in a case before him — and convicted in the Senate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the Senate took no vote on disqualification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 1992, Hastings ran for and won a seat from Florida in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he remains to this day.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If Trump were convicted by the Senate, but the Senate chose not to hold a disqualification vote, he could in theory run again, win and return to the White House.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The path to reelection would also be open if a Senate vote favoring disqualification failed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that article I, section 3, clause 7 of the constitution as quoted in", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "another answer does not state that an impeachment must consider disqualification from holding office, it only states it as being within the Senate's power to issue such punishment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Politifact also considers the case of separate votes for removing from office and banning one from holding office: Could the Senate choose what punishment to apply?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Scholars suggest that the Senate has the power to support removal from office without barring them from holding office in the future.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"It is up to the Senate to make that decision,\" said Stephen M, Griffin, a Tulane University law professor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There’s even a well-known example of a Phoenix-like rebirth: The Senate removed Alcee Hastings from his judgeship in 1989, but he later won election to the U.S. House, where he continues to serve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Politifact even goes on to mention precedent for separate votes: How many votes would be needed?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What’s less clear is the process by which any of this would happen, and the extent to which past precedents would matter.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For instance, \"there would be an argument over whether separate votes are required,\" Griffin said.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, there is precedent for separate votes, Michael J. Gerhardt, a constitutional law professor at the University of North Carolina, has written.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 1862 and 1913, the Senate took separate votes to remove and disqualify judges West Humphreys and Robert Archbald, respectively,\" Gerhardt wrote.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"For each judge, a supermajority first voted to convict, followed by a simple majority vote to disqualify.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Senate defended this practice on the ground that the clause mentioning disqualification does not specify the requisite vote for its imposition.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18862/JJ for Transparency and Monica", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Yes, disqualification from holding office is a possible consequence of conviction. ", "Yes, although conviction may lead to disqualification." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Yes, although conviction may lead to disqualification." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Most places in the United States have independent government agencies that perform services for particular districts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These agencies normally collect \"property taxes\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These taxes are either proportional to the assessed value of real estate, cars, and/or personal property in the jurisdiction, and/or are a fee per housing unit or lot or square foot of particular", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "form(s) of real estate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These agencies typically have elected boards.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example: School boards Fire districts Irrigation districts Sewer commissions [Potable] water commissions Port authorities", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(these often control airports, not just harbors)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some of these districts have highly restricted legislative power.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, school boards oversee school curricula, constrained by state guidelines.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(But they do not control the curricula of private schools and homeschools within their boundaries.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some fire districts can prohibit activities or real estate development likely to cause devastating wildfires.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Irrigation districts used to impose rules for receiving water that made it hard to grow certain crops.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sewer commissions can tax or prohibit new construction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4547/Jasper", "score": 24 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Some examples include the Sheriff, County Treasurer, Tax Collector/Assessor, District Attorney, District Clerk, County Attorney, County Clerk, County Commissioners and Constables.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I live in Texas and just about", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "everyone that falls under the state infrastructure is elected.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This includes the structure of county governments.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The current Texas Constitution was written in reaction to Reconstruction following the Civil War and reflected a great mistrust of elected officials.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here's a list of elected officials in one county in Texas.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As a side note, lots of legislation in Texas is written in the form of Constitutional amendments that must be voted on by the people of the state.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/23745/Karlomanio", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"Coroner\" is an interesting office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In modern times, it means a government official whose office temporarily stores dead bodies and performs autopsies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In many states of the United States, the coroner is elected at the county level.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In many counties, the position is combined with the position of sheriff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some websites call it a judicial office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wikipedia says that it historically acted as a backup to (or check upon) English county sheriffs, plus had certain responsibilities related to the estates of dead people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4547/Jasper", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Zeb Towne is the dog catcher of Duxbury, Vermont .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He was last elected in 2018, and is now appointed to the same role by the town board.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thanks to Jasper for the correction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16015/Rupert Morrish", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "\"I wouldn't vote for him for Dog Catcher\" is an American turn of phrase that often used to denote that someone distrusts a candidate seeking elected office, they wouldn't vote for him to run a seeemingly apolitical job of catching stray animals.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While the office of Dog Catcher is archaic (Humane Society and Animal Control are more commonly used)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "it's also not uncommon for these offices to be voted on in local elections.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It should also be noted that while there are a lot of offices up for election in the United States, the office may have staffers who are hired for the job and will keep their positions even when the boss is voted out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, the office of Sheriff is voted, but his deputies are career law enforcement and will remain on the job even if a Sheriff loses his race.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the case of elected Coroners, the elected official need not actually cut open and examine the bodies, a career coroner with an MD is usually on staff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "THe elected Coroner will typically be charged with the paper work and administration of the office.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/17668/hszmv", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In Massachusetts, the following state officers are elected: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth (often called Secretary of State), State Auditor, and Treasurer.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Cities and towns have many different elected officers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In my town of Arlington, in addition to the executive officers (a 5-member Select Board) and legislative branch (252 Town Meeting members), we elect a Board of Assessors and School Board.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Treasurer used to be an elected position, but we voted in 2018 to make it an appointed position, beginning when the current Treasurer's term ends in 2020.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's also an elected county Sheriff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13966/Barmar", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are several other elected roles, depending on the specific jurisdiction within the US.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As most of them have already been added in other answers, I will add here just the officials who run the elections themselves, as those are elected positions in some jurisdictions and not on other answers' lists.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Head prosecutors (e.g. district attorney, state attorney general), auditors, and financial controllers are also often elected positions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some jurisdictions have also proposed and/or instituted elected positions for certain roles like review of police conduct, openness of government records, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/5822/WBT", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Some examples include the Sheriff, County Treasurer, Tax Collector/Assessor, District Attorney, District Clerk, County Attorney, County Clerk, County Commissioners and Constables. In Massachusetts, the following state officers are elected: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth (often called Secretary of State), State Auditor, and Treasurer.", "The following fall into this category: Sheriff, County Treasurer, Tax Collector/Assessor, District Attorney, District Clerk, County Attorney, County Clerk, County Commissioners, Constables, Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Attorney Generals, Secretaries of the Commonwealth (often called Secretary of State), State Auditors and Treasurers. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The following fall into this category: Sheriff, County Treasurer, Tax Collector/Assessor, District Attorney, District Clerk, County Attorney, County Clerk, County Commissioners, Constables, Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Attorney Generals, Secretaries of the Commonwealth (often called Secretary of State), State Auditors and Treasurers. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Some short-term models of the economic effects of global warming do point to benefits for the Northern countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the long run however, the models tend to point to \"everybody loses\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But like with all long-run projections, it's harder to be certain of country-specific effects.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0282-y", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18373/Fizz", "score": 17 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Presumably yes: shift of climate should move more productive climate zones to those countries the carbon dioxide does not simply increase temperature, but instead retains heat, thus result is disproportionally strong in winters and nights (seems fine...)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Northern sea routes become viable, thus shortening the trade route between Asia and Europe one exports carbohydrates, they are being combusted, CO2 level increase, ice thaws, more more natural resources in Arctic become much easier to explore - well, cynically I'd say that in a way this business model is sustainable However: Rain is much harder to predict than temperature.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It applies both to weather reports and IPCC models.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm not saying that those countries would be afflicted by unfavourable change of rain patterns, I'm just saying it's a lottery.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "even in the biggest approximation shift of climate zones is not so unquestionably desirable for Russia, as its southern regions (ex. Caucasus)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "would actually lose their favourability", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those sparsely populated countries are not even close to utilising all arable land they have right now, so that getting more of it would not change much Infrastructure build for different conditions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let's say there is an inhospitable place with permafrost that each summer turns in to mud.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Warmer climate would be theoretically highly desired, just if it actually started to thaw all those buildings may sink a bit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(which is slightly bad for a building and disaster for a railway line)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "People mention global disruption, which is a bit tricky.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sure, an economic crisis may harm seriously such countries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nevertheless, I'm somewhat sceptical about climate refugees.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We haven't been accepting so far people from Arab peninsula on the grounds that temperature there can exceed 50 Celsius.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even if the climate become really nasty - Russia is not the most welcoming place for refugees, Canada would be indirectly shielded by US, while in Scandinavia it may be a serious problem, but it depends on future political climate (depends at which moment imported political instability makes local population go berserk)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13776/Shadow1024", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This is partly why some people have switched to \"climate change\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Warming sounds good, but the transition in the ecosystem can be pretty rough.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, much worse forest fires in Russia.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Russia also built cities and resource extraction infrastructure on permafrost.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is now melting, causing considerable damage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/7887/pjc50", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I live in Northern Canada, so I have a dog in this hunt, so to speak.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We already see effects of global warming, and while some of them are presumably more pleasant (no, we don't see as much extreme cold in the winter anymore), you might be surprised at some of the unexpected consequences.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We are seeing milder winters, but they're also much snowier and cloudier, since we no longer see the massive Arctic High Pressure systems that used to sit over us for weeks to give us cold, clear, calm (but sunny!)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "winter weather.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We are seeing more invasive insects coming up from the south.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These would normally be killed off in severe winter weather but now range further than ever before.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A pine beetle infestation killed thousands of hectares of trees not far from where I live.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those dead trees now pose a massive fire hazard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You'd think that warmer weather would open up agricultural opportunities, too, but in Canada that is limited; much of the area that's warming the most sits in the Canadian Shield, an area of solid rock that comprises most of the country.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The lack of arable soil is a much greater challenge to overcome than just the temperature itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I believe much of Siberia faces that same issue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even on top of that, the towns in the far north are all built on permafrost, and as we lose that the towns are slowly sinking into the ground.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The airport in Inuvik, Northwest Territories recently had to spend CDN$22 million to replace a runway that had become unusable because parts of it had sunk due to melting permafrost.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's a dramatic example but many towns are facing similar issues.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/28155/Thunderbuck", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Russia and Canada do support global warming, as shown in Crude Oil Production - Countries - List At 10 million barrels per day, Russia is second only to the US (12 million) in terms of daily extraction of crude oil.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Canada is in 5th place with 4 million barrels per day.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most of that oil is used as fuel, generating atmospheric CO₂.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to World Beef Production: Ranking Of Countries - Beef2Live | Eat Beef * Live Better , Russia and Canada", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "are only 11 th and 12 th in beef cattle, well behind the US, which produces 5 times as much as the other two countries combined.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Obviously these two countries need to improve their methane gas emissions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/27691/Ray Butterworth", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "A shift in climate should move more productive climate zones to those countries. The carbon dioxide does not simply increase temperature, but instead retains heat, thus the result is disproportionally strong in winters and at night.", "These countries should wish to support and benefit from global warming. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "These countries should wish to support and benefit from global warming. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "No. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49810261", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The notion of unlawful here means only that the prorogation does not comply with how the supreme court interprets the political rule book.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It doesn't actually mean any actual law was broken, or anything criminal occurred.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is no different than saying, a law is unconstitutional.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "legislators who draft laws deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court (which happens all the time) never face criminal charges.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because unconstitutional there only means it doesn't follow how the court interprets the constitution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/26903/dolphin_of_france", "score": 27 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "IANAL, but probably the only thing he could be charged with is misconduct in public office .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I haven't seen anyone suggest that he should be charged (for this, this time).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The charge does not require one to break some explicit statute.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It also applies \"where there is no relevant statutory offence, but the behaviour or the circumstances are such that they should nevertheless be treated as criminal\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The criteria are: a public officer acting as such; wilfully neglects to perform his duty and/or wilfully misconducts himself; to such a degree as to amount to an abuse of the public's trust in the office holder; without reasonable excuse or justification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, last time Johnson was charged with this offence, by a private prosecutor, and for some political statements, it failed fairly quickly, when the granting of summons was appealed to the High Court.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, the circumstances this time involve more than a statement, but insofar I haven't seen suggestions that he should be charged.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know if the following argument meets all the legal criteria to be a good defence, but conceptually at least, the fact that the High Court of England ruled in favor of Johnson's government, could be used as an argument that \"hey, it wasn't obviously unlawful before the Supreme Court decided so\", i.e. this could be a valid excuse under bullet #4 from the criteria above.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/18373/Fizz", "score": 23 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While this is a small difference, the supreme court found that the prorogation was unlawful rather than illegal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This may seem pedantic, but the law is often so.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Boris will not be charged with a crime, because there is no crime to charge him with.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is possible that he will break a law over this, but until he has done so it is impossible for charges to be brought.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/28268/TheBarrometer", "score": 19 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Highly unlikely Most high courts (regardless of country) prefer to keep themselves out of the political process.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When cases like this come up, they want to tailor things as narrowly as possible as to the question before them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, the UK Supreme Court said this (trimmed for relevance) The power to prorogue is limited by the constitutional principles with which it would otherwise conflict.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For present purposes, the relevant limit on the power to prorogue is this: that a decision to prorogue (or advise the monarch to prorogue) will be unlawful if the prorogation has the effect of frustrating or preventing, without reasonable justification, the ability of Parliament to carry out its constitutional functions as a legislature and as the body responsible for the supervision of the executive.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In judging any justification which might be put forward, the court must of course be sensitive to the responsibilities and experience of the Prime Minister and proceed with appropriate caution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the prorogation does have that effect, without reasonable justification, there is no need for the court to consider whether the Prime Minister’s motive or purpose was unlawful The third question, therefore, is whether this prorogation did have the effect of frustrating or preventing the ability of Parliament to carry out its constitutional functions without reasonable justification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This was not a normal prorogation in the run-up to a Queen’s Speech.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No justification for taking action with such an extreme effect has been put before the court.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The Court is bound to conclude, therefore, that the decision to advise Her Majesty to prorogue Parliament was unlawful because it had the effect of frustrating or preventing the ability of Parliament to carry out its constitutional functions without reasonable justification.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This Court has already concluded that the Prime Minister’s advice to Her Majesty was unlawful, void and of no effect.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that the Order in Council to which it led was also unlawful, void and of no effect and should be quashed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means that when the Royal Commissioners walked into the House of Lords it was as if they walked in with a blank sheet of paper.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The prorogation was also void and of no effect.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Parliament has not been prorogued.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is the unanimous judgment of all 11 Justices The question here was one of procedure.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trying to make this criminal would create all sorts of chaos.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What laws would he be guilty of breaking?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What sentence should be carried out?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Could the Supreme Court have all of Parliament arrested for violating parliamentary procedures TL;DR", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The High Court nullified the order to prorogue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It did not accuse Mr. Johnson of having committed a crime , only having broken the procedures of Parliament .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12027/Machavity", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "At this point the court has not ruled that what he did was illegal, only that it did not comply with the laws of the land and thus should be voided.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If he tries to prorogue again or refuses to follow the law created by the Ben Act (to request an extension from the EU)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "he could be ordered by the court to do so and then held in contempt of court if he didn't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/6095/user", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "This does not mean that an actual law was broken, or that anything criminal occurred. Therefore, Johnson will not be charged with a crime.", "Boris will not be charged because no law was broken." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Boris will not be charged because no law was broken." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I think the only sensible answer is \"yes\": he both denies that he did those actions and denies that they are illegal.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At least from my reading of the news, he seems to be doing both at different times, depending on his audience and whims of the moment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9722/jamesqf", "score": 28 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Given the quick release of the transcript of the phone call, it seems the official White House position is that the call happened as per the released transcript (Which the Ukrainian President has gone on the record as saying that he did not think anything was significantly altered on the released document) and the whistle blower's knowledge of the call and topics does line up.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The disagreement is that the President's reason to withhold aid money was out of concern was with American involvement in Ukrainian Corruption, largely with respect to the 2016 election meddling by foreign governments and that the Bidens' connections to the Ukrainian Corruption.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the actions described by the whistle blower happened, but they were not illegal as they were not motivated out of leveraging the Ukrainian government to dig dirt up on a political opponent, but in ensuring Ukrainian assistance in determining if any U.S. citizens were engaged in corrupt acts in the Ukrainian government, and that being a political opponant of the president does not grant you immunity from being investigated for a Federal Crime.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please note that this is generalization of multiple different individuals working in the White House and for the President, and not the President himself specifically.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The President is reliable capable of making poorly worded statements that are limited to 140 characters at a time and can often be read with one of two meanings and often during moments of frustration.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To attempt to keep it neutral (and cause I don't want to go through mountains of tweets) I will not discuss specific statements from Trump or the inevitable contradictory statements that later surfaced.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/17668/hszmv", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Trump uses the term \"witch hunt\" as a rhetorical device to refer to any investigations of him or the people around him.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "According to a Vox.com article : Since assuming office, Trump has tweeted some variant of the phrase “WITCH HUNT!”", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "more than 120 times in response to the Mueller investigation and critics including the “Fake News,” congressional Democrats, Hillary Clinton, various intelligence agencies, former President Obama, and “leakers” within the administration itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This was written a year ago, before the Mueller report was released or the current impeachment investigation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I wouldn't be surprised if his uses have more than doubled since then.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The article goes on to say These tweets reflect the modern usage of the term — as a metaphor that delegitimizes an investigation by calling out the partisan biases and ideological motives underlying accusations of wrongdoing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trump's actual claims about what he's being accused of are very inconsistent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sometimes he'll say that he didn't do it, other times he'll say that it isn't illegal or wrong.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One of his spokesmen said about the Ukraine issue that it's done all the time in politics.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And sometimes he just flat-out lies, like saying that the Mueller Report totally exonerated him.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The term \"witch hunt\" for political investigations entered the lexicon in reference to the McCarthy anti-communist hearings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trump is trying to equate the narrow investigations into his activities to the sweeping accusations against thousands of government employees and public figures with liberal viewpoints.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13966/Barmar", "score": 10 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Trump doesn't have a \"position\" on these allegations as such.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "He is applying advice he received many years ago: Never give up Never admit a mistake or a wrongdoing Don't apologize (equates to an admission)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Always fight back The whistleblower has alleged a serious wrongdoing by the president.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Trump is applying the above advice by: Not admitting the wrongdoing, and Fighting back (\"counterpunching\")", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He is responding to the allegations by alternately: Assaulting the character and integrity of his accusers (fighting back)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "- asserting partisan political motives and/or a personal attack on him.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Denying that he did what has been claimed", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(one might infer that he recognizes that the claimed act was wrongful, so he denies having done it).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Claiming that the act was not wrongful (one might infer that he admits to having done the alleged act, but asserts there was nothing wrongful about it).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As new information rises to the surface, his messaging to his base shifts focus to address it in an attempt to get out in front of the story.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The White House formulates or reformulates its official position accordingly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "His \"go-to\" claim of a \"witch hunt\" is a claim that his political opponents have fabricated a case as a personal attack against him.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It implies a lack of any substantive evidence, a partisan political motive, and that he, personally, is being made a victim.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The point of the impeachment proceedings is to expose the truth and, if the evidence leads there, right a wrong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/8681/Anthony X", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Usually (which is to say often but not always and certainly not without exception) when Trump talks about \"the witch hunt\", he is referring to the actions of the Democrats in the House of Representatives.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This link gives a cursory view of such statements.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the way to understand this ad is to view it as the President's interpretation of how the House Democrats are treating this witness' testimony rather than as a statement about the content of the testimony itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/13162/grovkin", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Trump does not have a \"position\" on these allegations. However, sometimes he says that he didn't do it, other times says that it isn't illegal or wrong, and uses the term \"witch hunt\" as a rhetorical device to refer to any investigations of him or the people around him. He is applying advice he received many years ago: Never give up; Never admit a mistake or a wrongdoing; Don't apologize (equates to an admission).", "Trump doesn’t have a position on these allegations and he uses the term \"witch hunt\" to refer to the investigations of him or the people around him. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Trump doesn’t have a position on these allegations. He is using the term \"witch hunt\" to refer to the investigations of him or the people around him. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Indeed, there are other countries with ritualized pledges to flag and country: Pledge of Allegiance to the Phillipine Flag Pledge of Allegiance to the", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(South) Korean Flag", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some other countries also have ritualized pledges expressing love of country and ideals, without specific reference to flags or symbolism: Rukun Negara, the Pledge to Malaysia National Pledge of India Singapore National Pledge Student Oath in Turkey", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/10221/bishop", "score": 32 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I think many other countries have an equivalent, but only for people acquiring that nationality by choice.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In my country, for example, we have an Oath of Fidelity to the Nation, used at the ceremony for new citizens and compatriots: I (name) having applied to the Minister for Justice and Equality for a certificate of naturalisation, hereby solemnly declare my fidelity to the Irish nation and my loyalty to the State.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I undertake to faithfully observe the laws of the State and to respect its democratic values.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Source", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think people born in a country would have no need to pledge or re-pledge allegiance to what is already their native country.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm not sure why you would want to do this unless there is some doubt about people's allegiances, which is clearly important in places with conflicting social or political backgrounds.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/29138/Peter Flynn", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Answering for Kenya, we do have a loyalty pledge , though it is extremely rare to hear it being recited even in national holidays like independence day.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We used to recite it while in primary school just after singing the national anthem.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, it has come to fade and does not receive much attention.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, if you were to ask an 18 year old to recite it they would probably be like '", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "we have such a thing?' .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is because it was used during the reign of the second president (Daniel Arap Moi, 1978-2002) as a means to instill patriotism especially in kids.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It was a time when the political environment was quite stiff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This blog indicates a shared opinion of what it was really about.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It was mandatory to recite it then, unlike now, where only the national anthem is sung.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So to answer your question, yes for Kenya, but more of a historical thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "EDIT", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the link to the blog was pulled down, the summarized opinion is that reciting the pledge always felt more of influenced by the law and the stiff government of the time, than one's patriotic conviction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/29145/Vinyl ", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In the United Kingdom , persons who become naturalised citizens swear allegiance to the monarch and their lawful heirs and successors.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Non-religious people may affirm instead of swearing an oath.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Judges, military personnel, public notaries, and clergy of the Church of England, do likewise on taking office or being admitted to their respective status.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Holders of various important offices take the oath as soon as possible after assuming office, and members of either house of Parliament and the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly must do so before they can take their seats.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people, including police officers in England and Wales, and members of the Privy Council who have a more elaborate oath, swear only to the current monarch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Presumably they are re-sworn when there is a new monarch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Native-born citizens who don't become any of the kinds of public servant listed above normally go through their entire lives without taking any oath of allegiance, as I have.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The idea of schoolchildren taking it at frequent intervals is one of the things that seem very strange about the USA to the British.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/11788/John Dallman", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "For Jamaica, we do have a national pledge said almost always said before or", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "after the national anthem you stand at attention (it used to be right hand over left breast) and say: Before God and all mankind, I pledge the love and loyalty of my heart, the wisdom and courage of my mind, the strength and vigour of my body in the service of my fellow citizens; I promise to stand up for Justice, Brotherhood and Peace, to work diligently and creatively, to think generously and honestly, so that Jamaica may, under God, increase in beauty, fellowship and prosperity, and play her part in advancing the welfare of the whole human race.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's normally said in schools along with the national anthem and at many major occasions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It doesn't matter whether you're an immigrant or born Jamaican.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Everyone has to say it or at least stand at attention just like the anthem.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/33175/Ilovecandy 643", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Some other countries also have ritualized pledges expressing love of country and ideals, without specific reference to flags or symbolism: Rukun Negara, the Pledge to Malaysia, National Pledge of India, Singapore National Pledge, or the Student Oath in Turkey. Many other countries have an equivalent, but only for people acquiring that nationality by choice. In the United Kingdom , persons who become naturalised citizens swear allegiance to the monarch and their lawful heirs and successors.", "Other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Kenya do have ritualised and/or loyalty pledges. Furthermore, in the United Kingdom, allegiance is sworn to the monarch by those who become natural citizens. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Kenya do have ritualised and/or loyalty pledges. In the United Kingdom, allegiance is sworn to the monarch by those who become natural citizens. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "FiveThirtyEight currently gives him a 3% chance of winning a majority of delegates (about as likely as Elizabeth Warren), and an 8% chance of winning a plurality (about as likely as Pete Buttigieg)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "so he seems to have at least some chance of becoming the nominee.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "1", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "His most plausible route to victory is managing to rally a group of delegates for other centrist candidates behind him (with some potential help from superdelegates) in a contested (or brokered) convention.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Since he entered the race at a significantly later date than many other candidates, he chose to skip some early states where he felt he stood very little chance and instead focus on later states with a more delegates.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "His campaign is aimed at gaining momentum from a strong result on \"Super Tuesday\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He has been ineligible to participate in any of the debates so far, as he has met neither the polling requirements, nor the requirements to have donations from a given number of individuals.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The latter requirement has been dropped recently, most likely because it would have prevented him from ever participating (his campaign is entirely self-funded).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He has made up for this by spending significantly more than any other candidate on TV advertising.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "1", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(It should be noted that due to his unconventional strategy, modelling his chances has an additional degree of uncertainty associated with it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It should also be noted that these figures will be changing regularly, so you should check the link for up to date projections.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/23000/CoedRhyfelwr", "score": 41 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Only two states have had voted (/whatever", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you want to call what happened in Iowa) so far.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bloomberg was not on those ballots because he did not file.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to wiki he announced on November 24, 2019.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The filing deadline for some early states had passed- for example New Hampshire was November 12.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bloomberg did start some filings before he announced, to get on in Alabama, Michigan, and Arkansas for example.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The big delegate haul is \"Super Tuesday\" March 3 (corrected).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He is on those ballots and has been in California for example campaigning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's a risk.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The early states have few delegates but set the tone and momentum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, he does not have to worry about donors abandoning him for a poor/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "no showing-", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "he has one donor (himself).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Momentum is another story.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But hes getting mentioned in the press due to the anticipation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "IMO, Bloomberg will be helped by the apparent demise of Biden in the early states.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Voters and kingmakers looking for an old moderate white guy can slide on over.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We'll see.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For historical reference, other candidates have tried a strategy and failed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Al Gore (D) in 1988 focused on the southern states of Super Tuesday (he's from Tennessee).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Rudy Giuliani (R) in 2008 campaigned in New Hampshire but was counting on Florida and then New York", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and it's neighbors Connecticut and New Jersey to propel him.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Neither was the nominee.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/28303/Damila", "score": 13 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Probably the most realistic chance (or more reasonably, least unrealistic) is for the \"powers that be\" in the DNC to manipulate the convention.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Suppose that there is a strong current of dislike for the front-runner at the convention.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, maybe it's Sanders, and people think he's too socialist to win.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They may think that their best shot at defeating Trump is somebody more \"establishment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" This had previously been Biden, but Biden is doing less than stellar.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the power-brokers might \"flex\" and pull some dirty tricks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And Bloomberg might wind up pushed forward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whether such a thing would be acceptable and workable would depend on such things as what pressure they could place on the front runner.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example, Sanders eventually endorsed Clinton.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If they could induce him to do the same for Bloomberg, it might be possible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It would burn a lot of political capital.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many people would be very upset over it, just as they were in the case of Sanders vs. Clinton.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the power-brokers might think it worth it to try to unseat Trump.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/27394/puppetsock", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Iowa and New Hampshire are first, but they're also relatively tiny.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to Wikipedia , there are 3,979 pledged delegates and 771 superdelegates in the Democratic primary.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So far, only Iowa and New Hampshire have voted.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Iowa has 41 (normal, elected) delegates and New Hampshire has 24.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, around 1.3% of delegates have been decided so far.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bloomberg presumably decided to let the other candidates spend their money on IA and NH for their relatively small number of delegates and instead focus his campaign on the states that vote on ' Super Tuesday ,' (i.e. March 3.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While the votes so far were for 65 delegates, the votes on Super Tuesday are for 1,319 delegates, almost 28% of all of the delegates.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A strong performance on Super Tuesday could mean far more for Bloomberg's campaign than one in Iowa or New Hampshire would have.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Given his wealth, notoriety, and political connections, Bloomberg could also end up with a decent amount of support from the Democratic Party's ' superdelegates ,' who are party power brokers who can vote in the convention for whoever they want regardless of primary and caucus votes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "These represent a bit over 16% of the overall delegates, so a strong showing from the superdelegates could also sway the convention significantly toward Bloomberg.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4846/reirab", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Another strike against the super-early states is that their nominations are notoriously wrong Since the caucuses began in 1972, there have been 18 caucus winners between the two parties: 10 Democrats and 8 Republicans.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "More than half of those winners went on to secure their party's nomination in that cycle, but only three would go on to be elected president.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "After Iowa and New Hampshire, Pete Buttigieg is leading the delegate count at 23, with 1991 needed to win the nomination.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Super Tuesday (which is what Bloomberg is blitzing with media buys) has 1,357 delegates at stake.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Five Thirty Eight currently gives Bloomberg an 8% chance of winning , while Buttigieg (who technically won Iowa in delegates) is at 4%.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Real Clear Politics poll average shows Bloomberg at 14.2% and Buttigieg at 10.6%", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12027/Machavity", "score": 4 } } ]

[ [ "Probably the most realistic chance is for the \"powers that be\" in the DNC to manipulate the convention. Given his wealth, notoriety, and political connections, Bloomberg could also end up with a decent amount of support from the Democratic Party's 'superdelegates', who are party power brokers who can vote in the convention for whoever they want regardless of primary and caucus votes.", "He can have a realistic chance if manipulation by the \"powers that be\" is involved and/or if the democratic parties who are power party brokers vote for him regardless of primary or caucus votes. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "He can have a realistic chance if manipulation by the \"powers that be\" is involved. The democratic parties who are power party brokers may also vote for him regardless of primary or caucus votes. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The simple answer is there was more competition.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2016, it was mostly Sanders vs Clinton for the Democratic Primary.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "She had several potential scandals brewing (her private email server, questions about the Clinton Global Initiative, etc) and Sanders was the only outlet for people who did not want to see Clinton win.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sanders had plenty of healthy competition this time Elizabeth Warren - She overlapped Sanders on a number of issues , and may have been a spoiler for him", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Liberal candidates, such as Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders, have embraced ambitious spending programmes to provide universal health care, increase access to higher education and deal with America’s worsening housing crisis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Joe Biden - The former Obama VP, he has been the \"please not Bernie\" moderate option If Sanders were to win the nomination, his proud connection to socialism and his 50-year record of extremism would be enough to doom his chances.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Add to that his unpopular campaign proposals to double the size of the government, sharply raise middle-class taxes, and take private health insurance from 180 million Americans, and you hand the GOP a deadly arsenal of material to use against both Sanders and other Democrats on the ballot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the political winds may have shifted.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On Saturday, roughly half of South Carolina Democrats voted for Biden, with Sanders almost 30 points behind.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That matters, because it will dampen Sanders’ momentum heading into the massive Super Tuesday primary.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And it might get voters in those states to do what the moderate candidates refuse to do:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "settle on one to carry the banner forward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Michael Bloomberg - Probably more of a spoiler to Biden than Sanders, he, too, was an \"anyone but Bernie\" candidate who spent over $500M in Super Tuesday Former New York City Mayor Mike Bloomberg's more than $550 million in campaign advertising and exclusive focus on Super Tuesday states were supposed to give him a big night Tuesday night, making him the default candidate for establishment Democrats to rally around to stop Bernie Sanders.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead, he had just 44 delegates as of Wednesday morning, landing him in a very distant fourth place.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12027/Machavity", "score": 42 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It likely has something to do with who he was running against in 2016.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's hard to make a \"head-to-head\" comparison when the opposition was different.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15671/BobE", "score": 28 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are more candidates at this point in the race, so votes are going to be more split.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Expecting % differences to remain constant doesn't make much sense when at least 4 candidates got non-negligible support in most places.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In Minnesota, an endorsement of one of Sanders' opponents by a popular senator and former presidential candidate Amy Klobuchar, as well as strong state support for another progressive candidate Elizabeth Warren, both likely hurt Sanders.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Additionally, primary elections are highly dependent on voter turnout.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Voter turnout was low among younger voters, and excitement for Sanders might have been dampened in places like Vermont where he was expected to win easily - his supporters there may not have felt as compelled to vote there as in the previous cycle.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "FiveThirtyEight has some thoughts overall on the trends on Super Tuesday including the direction that late deciders went.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/15647/Bryan Krause", "score": 16 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Context for Minnesota's results Minnesota switched from a caucus in 2016 to a primary in 2020.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Turnout increased from 200,000 votes to more than 700,000 , so we can't say that Sanders lost his base of support from 2016 into 2020 (in fact, he got almost twice as many votes in 2020).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One theory is that Sanders has a \"more enthusiastic\" base, and caucuses draw the most enthusiastic voters because of the time burden a caucus requires.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Relieving this burden and increasing voter turnout is likely to blunt Sanders' advantage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, 8% of Minnesotan ballots in 2020 went to candidates who had left the race as of election day, mainly because of mail-in voting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Another 13% went to the 3rd and 4th placing candidates, because in 2020 there were two more major candidates (with >1%) than in 2016.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This complicates a comparison to the two-candidate race in 2016.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And as others have made clear, Sanders' main \"moderate\" opponent is different in 2020.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Clinton's net favorability among Democrats in April 2016 was +36% ; Biden's net favorability among Democrats in February of 2020 was +49% .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/30503/Sam", "score": 9 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While it would take either mass mind-reading or polls asking the right questions (which I can't find) to produce a definitive answer, I would theorize that it is simple practicality on the part of voters.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Their primary (no pun intended) objective is to win the November election.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Going by current odds (e.g. https://www.actionnetwork.com/politics/2020-presidential-election-odds-donald-trump-bernie-sanders-joe-biden ) Sanders has less than a 10% chance of beating Trump, while Biden is nearly even.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Realistically, any candidate who hopes to win the general election has to attract votes from the ~40% or so of independent voters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sanders describes himself (and is described by many others) as a socialist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Socialism is viewed unfavorably by independent voters, and especially so by older voters, who are more likely to actually vote: https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807047941/poll-sanders-rises-but-socialism-isnt-popular-with-most-americans", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So even if a large fraction of Democrats who vote in the primaries actually like Sanders better than the other candidates, many dislike the prospect of four more years of Trump - particularly a Trump winning by a large margin - even more.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So they vote for the candidate they view as most electable instead of the one they like best.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 2016 this wasn't as great a factor, as few people expected that Trump would actually win the nomination.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/9722/jamesqf", "score": 4 } } ]

[ [ "The simple answer is there was more competition. It's hard to make a \"head-to-head\" comparison when the opposition was different. Expecting % differences to remain constant doesn't make much sense when at least 4 candidates got non-negligible support in most places. Turnout increased from 200,000 votes to more than 700,000 , so we can't say that Sanders lost his base of support from 2016 into 2020. In 2016 this was not such a factor, as few people expected that Trump would actually win the nomination.", "The following reasons might explain his losses: In 2016 there was more competition and Trump was expected to win so fewer of his supporters turned up to vote and wins ultimately come down to voter practicality. However, turnout did increase in 2020 so Sanders got twice as many votes but when competition is different it is hard to make a head-to-head comparison. Finally, endorsement of one of Sanders’ opponents in Minnesota and low voter turnout among the young contributed to these losses — expectation around him winning may also have led to his supporters not voting." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "In 2016 there was more competition and Trump was expected to win. It comes doesn’t to voter practicality. Turnout increased so Sanders got twice as many votes in 2020 but when competition is different it is hard to make a head-to-head comparison. Endorsement of one of Sanders’ opponents in Minnesota and low voter turnout among the young contributed to these losses — expectation around him winning may have led to his supporters not voting." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "To pass, a bill needs to pass in the House and Senate and be signed by the President.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Since the last election, Democrats took control of the House, so while the Obamacare repeal bills that failed in the Senate in 2017 might pass the Senate today, there's no way they would make it through the Democrat controlled House.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/19301/divibisan", "score": 49 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "With Democrat control of the House such a bill would have no chance of becoming law.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Yehuda points out that bills are sometimes introduced for show, even if they have no chance of becoming law, to demonstrate a party's commitment to making something happen, or so that opponents are forced to vote for or against something that can be used against them later.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Why are they not doing this?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The main reason is that the promise to the electorate made by President Trump was to \"repeal Obamacare and replace it with something better\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The bill that failed in the Senate did repeal Obamacare, but did not replace it with anything (better or not).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That was one main reason it failed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There was no replacement because Republicans could not agree on what a 'better\" replacement would look like.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many thought that there should be no replacement, but this would deprive many potential Republican voters of affordable healthcare, and remove popular reforms such as being able to get insurance for pre-existing conditions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Democrats are widely associated with the ACA, and so are unlikely to suffer by being forced to vote to keep it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The likely effect of such a vote (even if not passed) would be to expose divisions in the Republican party over what healthcare should look like, to give opponents ammunition as Republicans voted to remove popular policies, and to draw attention to the fact that Republicans, while promising to \"replace Obamacare with something better\" are actually voting to simply remove it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/232/DJClayworth", "score": 26 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are aspects of this bill that modify and restrict tax credits.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If I'm not mistaken, this would make it subject to the Origination Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 7(1)):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/16799/Joe C", "score": 14 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A less informed, and more cynical answer than the previous posts: The republicans have no real plan, they are just against anything a democrat is for, and at this point have painted themselves into a corner by promising a narrow set of their base that they will repeal and replace a popular program.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They also know that actively appearing to work against healthcare during a healthcare crisis would make them look even worse to most people.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/33231/BooklynDadCore", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As other answers have noted, any repeal of the ACA is strongly opposed by the Democrats, who control the House, so such a bill has no chance of passing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, that has not stopped the Republicans from introducing and passing bills through the Senate that they know will be DOA in the House before now, in order to make a statement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But right now, the world and especially the USA is in the grip of a pandemic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Introducing a bill that strips people of healthcare in the middle of such a pandemic would be incredibly tone-deaf and psychopathic, even for Republicans.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hence they won't do such a thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/12242/Ian Kemp", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Loss of Political Will As many other answers have noted the loss of the House in 2018 made passing the legislation to repeal or even repeal/replace Obamacare in part or whole nearly an impossibility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Any effort to do so would be DOA in the House.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said there is perhaps another reason it has taken a backseat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As described in this NBC News article just prior to the 2018 election many voters were concerned with Healthcare, citing it as their highest priority issue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At the time many Republican representatives in tough races began to move away from hard-line repeal, even if they had previously run on the issue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is because the electorate soured on that as a solution, particularly when it came to the removal of Preexisting Condition clauses.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This article notes that the initial polling on the issue held true though the exit polls and this article further expands on that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Given that Republicans will be looking to beat back a push to regain the Senate, Mitch McConnell seemingly has learned the lesson described in this article from fivethirtyeight where he will not push legislation in which he has little to gain and much to lose.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They have instead focused on judicial appointments, also a keystone of the Republican strategy and one that they have full control over.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/20630/VerasVitas", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While previous answers have correctly pointed out that such a bill would never pass the House, it worth noting that a better line of attack on the ACA by the GOP would be for the law to be ruled unconstitutional.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would require anyone trying to reintroduce a healthcare bill to restart most of the work from scratch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ACA bill has already been stripped from the penalty of the individual mandate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This may render all of the ACA unconstitutional.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact, as of late June 2020, that is the official line of the DOJ.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The case is scheduled to be heard in March 2021 by the Supreme Court of the United States .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "politics.stackexchange.com/users/4260/ChrisR", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "To pass, a bill needs to pass in the House and Senate and be signed by the President. However, since the last election, Democrats took control of the House, so while the Obamacare repeal bills that failed in the Senate in 2017 might pass the Senate today, they would not make it through the Democrat controlled House.", "The healthcare legislation cannot be reintroduced by the Republican majority since a bill needs to go through various channels before it is signed and Democratic control of the House means there is no chance it will become law. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The healthcare legislation cannot be reintroduced by the Republican majority since a bill needs to go through various channels before it is signed and Democratic control of the House means there is no chance it will become law. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The problem with boxing gloves is that they get moist inside, and don't always get a chance to dry.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What you can do is to crumple a few pages from your local newspaper and stuff that into it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "That will absorb the sweat, and they won't get moldy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I've also heard of people putting them in the freezer or out in the sun, but I'm not sure if any of these are good options.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It seems most logical to me to make sure they dry up properly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for wrist wraps, simply unroll them and hang them over something, and toss them in the washing machine once in a while.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Fortunately, wrist wraps are inexpensive, and can easily be replaced when they're done for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/30/Nix", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "For my large MMA/Boxing gloves: Spray Lysol on the inside Wipe it down with a dry paper towel With a damp paper towel wipe down the inside With all straps/Velcro open let try and air out in a well ventilated area I normal wrap my hands in the paper towels to clean out the inside of the glove.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For wrist straps I always let them hang dry in a well ventilated area.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Using the Lysol has kept my new gloves from developing the smell that my old ones eventually got, even though I let them ventilate and dry every time.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/51/Swift", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I wash my handwraps every other class.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They don't take up much space in the wash machine", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "so it's no trouble at all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would recommend getting one of those lingerie/delicates laundry bags to put them in, or they turn into a tangled disaster.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "as for the gloves like everyone else says, dry them out/ sanitize them after class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and don't store them in a bag.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "i hang mine on the outside of my gear bag", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", keeps them and my bag from getting smelly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "my coach has these freshner things that are a mesh bag full of volcano pebbles.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "they supposedly absorb the moisture from the gloves.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and then every few months you put them out in the sun for a day", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and they are good to go again.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "one last trick is to put a dryer sheet in each glove.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "they smell fantastic!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/21/Patricia", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I try to wash my hand-wraps between uses, and if I can't, I at least hang-dry them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They get smelly and gross fast.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My gloves, I try to take out of my bag between uses.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I also have some cardboard tubes with holes punched in the sides that I jam in there to get some air flow and dryness action on the inside.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have not tried these methods for more than a couple months at a time; so I don't know if they'll work for heavy usage over the long term.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I'll list a couple of methods which i have tested and works for me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Gloves1.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wrap", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you gloves in a plastic bag and freeze them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "By freezing it you kill most of the bacteria / fungus in it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I use this method when i am away from home.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Put baking soda after use to kill fungus.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This will eliminate bad odor from cropping out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ur a dryer to gently dry gloves using an indoor dryer or hair dryer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I've sun dried my gloves before and the outer layer started to peel soon after.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wraps.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I usually toss the wraps in the washing machine and fan dry them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Hope it helps..", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1650/nigelhanzo", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Put some an open container of baking soda in your gloves.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't spill it everywhere.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The baking soda will absorb the funky smell of work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1207/Thomas Denmark Uylenbroek", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ " For my large MMA/Boxing gloves: Spray Lysol on the inside. Wipe it down with a dry paper towel. With a damp paper towel, wipe down the inside. With all straps/Velcro open, let them air out in a well ventilated area. I normally wrap my hands in the paper towels to clean out the inside of the glove. For wrist straps I always let them hang dry in a well ventilated area. I try to wash my hand-wraps between uses, and if I can't, I at least hang-dry them. Or, put baking soda after use to kill fungus.", "Hand-wraps can be washed or hang-dried between uses or after every other class. Moreover, Lysol or baking soda can be used in the gloves and it is recommended they are taken out of the bag between uses." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Hand-wraps can be washed or hang-dried between uses or after every other class. Lysol can be sprayed in the gloves and it is recommended they are taken out of the bag between uses. Baking soda works well in the gloves." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "You should actually be able to land quite on balance in this stance: get your instructor to check how you're placing your feet.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Make sure your knees are bent and you're dropping your weight low, but without bending your knees so low that you lose strength in the stance.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I would defer to someone more experienced than me, but I think of the main advantage of the stance is it lets you deliver power forward from the jump while enabling you to become immediately grounded and mobile.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "From the x-stop, you can drop back into a sparring stance, or easily turn in either direction, or even rotate through 180 to defend against an attacker behind you.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In the palgwe form I linked in an earlier comment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNkeTjs833I", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think the point is that the supported-uppercut finishes an opponent, and the student is then ready to answer an attack from any direction: in the form, it comes from the right.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/48/Rophuine", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Looking at this motion, I see a few potential interpretations of this motion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The back foot can act as kind of a foot check while jumping forward", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The crossed position has an inherent coiling that can help with turning.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Though it's not common in Tae Kwon Do, I see how this position can transition to a scissor style take down used in silat and other styles.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/78/Lee", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are a couple of benefits of the x-stance (or x-stop as you call it).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Reach.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you are in a middle or front stance and you simply slide forward, your body weight and torso are centered between your feet (Mostly, there is some percentage difference in weight distribution, but for the purposes of this they are equal).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now, your torso is 6\" to 1' or more behind the front foot of your stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Slide your rear foot up into the X stance, and you gain that foot or so of reach.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Follow up strike.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You are pre-tensioning the lateral muscles of your leg for a follow up side kick with your front leg.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because of the angle, your body already wants to release tension and move the front leg forward, so this gives a bit more speed and power to the kick.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(And, as mentioned above, you are already much closer and not having to move stances to perform the kick.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now admittedly, the techniques will be slightly weaker because you aren't coming from a solidly grounded stance, but the reach may or may not make the x stance worth consideration in a particular situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/548/JohnP", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yul-Gok Pattern", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The X-stance being described is move #36 on this page.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A lot of times in application analysis, we need to look at the previous move and the next move to grasp the context of the application.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The X stance/backfist could be read as a setup for a hip throw (yes, TKD has throws), while the turn to the supported block (move #37) could be read as the throw itself.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "For those unfamiliar with the form, this is a turn from the X-stance at 12 o'clock to a front stance at 9 o'clock.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Essentially, you are grabbing the opponent's gi (or dobak), and turning your body 270 degrees to throw him on the ground behind you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In any kind of application analysis, there are multiple analyses to any one movement, and many of them are correct.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One movement can have several meanings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1462/The Wudang Kid", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In karate we call that juji-dachi (crossed stance).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It is used extensively throughout this kata ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHtm-eJYcg8 ), where it is either the ending or the beginning boundary for a technique.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You don't stand in the stance and throw techniques, you throw techniques either starting or finishing in the stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The stance is what happens between techniques.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In the first usage, dropping into the stance allows 180 degrees of movement from the hips and upper body, generating a large amount of force in the elbow strike.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It also sets you up for the whiplash strike and block combination that immediately follows.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is used again almost immediately as the practitioner drops into it to gain distance from the next attacker while receiving an attack, then gets the 180 degrees of hip rotation to generate a powerful punch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's next use is almost invisible, but is mirrored in almost every form in any style.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When turning in a form, in any style, you pass through the stance at least briefly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is the source of the power for those impressively powerful blocks in beginner forms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At about the midpoint in the form, there is an application similar to the one demonstrated in @Rophuine 's comment above.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The practitioner moves aggressively sideways into a block or strike, with the intent of immediately exploding in the opposite direction.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Towards the end, the practitioner drops into this stance to perform a jamming technique.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The bunkai (analysis) is that it's a stable base that can be dropped into when the intended punch was interrupted by the opponent charging, to execute a jam and set up for the much stronger followup attack.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6599/pojo-guy", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "That is a reinforced-backfist with the left foot crossed behind the right.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Aside from the striking application I can't figure out how to directly apply that specific part to self-defense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you can see the previous part as a takedown the backfist (x-stop) could be a followup strike to put down your opponent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The previous part being the high block/low block/back stance that gets converted to the high block/inside chop/front stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That can be construed as a release from a rear bear hug or both hands being grabbed from behind.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I hope this makes sense.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll ask my master and respond.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/55/riotburn", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In ITF Taekwon-do, in pattern Yul Gok, there is an x-stance with a high left back-fist side strike; the student gets into the stance by jumping from the previous move.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "When I learned the pattern, the jump was explained as either jumping over a fallen attacker to strike the next attacker, or jumping a small stream or low wall to close with an attacker.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The x-stance helps you stop the motion of the jump in a narrower stance than (for instance) walking stance.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It also gives you the flexibility to turn out of the x-stance to perform another technique.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1159/Mike P", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ " You should actually be able to land quite on balance in this stance: get your instructor to check how you're placing your feet. Make sure your knees are bent and you're dropping your weight low, but without bending your knees so low that you lose strength in the stance. From the x-stop, you can drop back into a sparring stance, or easily turn in either direction, or even rotate through 180 to defend against an attacker behind you. In ITF Taekwondo-do, in pattern Yul Gok, there is an x-stance with a high left back-fist side strike; the student gets into the stance by jumping from the previous move. The x-stance helps you stop the motion of the jump in a narrower stance than (for instance) walking stance.", "The main benefits of the X stop is to deliver power with movement through varying positions and stances." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "The main advantage of the X stop is to deliver power whilst moving forward, allowing for rotation and turning, as well as varying positions and stances." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I usually wash it at hottest possible temperature, and that does the trick (beware though, this might shrink a new dogi).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If it is very dirty, I handwash it with plenty of washing detergent (making sure it gets in there), and then let it soak overnight, before I wash it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Back when I was a kid, my mom used to soak it with chlorine to get the worst grass and blood stains out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This works, but it has some drawbacks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "First of all, it will bleach all the colours from badges etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It may also damage the fabric over time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you sweat a lot, I would recommend soaking it in water as soon as possible after class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You may also consider bringing two jackets to class, and change midway through, if it becomes too unbearable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/30/Nix", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I find wearing a 100% cotton undershirt helps if you can tolerate it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It acts as an intermediate layer and worse case can be swapped with another.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For stains that manage to get past this using some sort of spray'n'wash product is useful but it needs to applied after a training session or soaked in combination to help remove the stubborn ones.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/47/Zephyr", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Oxi-Clean, baking soda and white vinegar in the washing machine works.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Baking soda and vinegar are cheap comparatively to the other cleaning agents.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Off the top of my head I dont know why they work so good, but they do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd have to google the chemistry reasons as to why they work so good", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I can vouch that they do the trick.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't use clorox or bleach on your gi as for it destroys and weakens the fabric.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Back when I trained more, I was nicknamed \"tidal-wave\" because of the amount that I sweat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A few tips I used: 1) wear an undershirt.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not fun when it's 8 zillion degrees out in the middle of summer, but it works well. 2) stash a small dishtowel up your sleeve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Between sets/exercises, dab at the sweat with the towel.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "3) bring your gi to class and wear street clothes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pack a clotheshanger.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "After class change into your street clothes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This limits the time you are sweating in the gi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Yes, even when you are driving to class, you are perspiring a little (the average human perspires", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "about 1-2 pints per day even when inactive).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "4) put the gi in the washer (and undershirt and towel) as soon as you get home.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Run it through a rinse cycle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I typically put it in the washer, and it was still going at bedtime, so I'd leave it overnight.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "5)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When the rinse is done, wash it with whatever detergent you prefer, but also add the recommended amount of oxy-clean.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As I understand the chemistry, Oxyclean is a peroxide (such as h2o2) that gets between the fabric fibers and then the unstable oxygen atom breaks off and takes the salt/uric acid molecules with it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All I know is that Tide + Oxyclean removes an amazing amount of stains (sweat, grass, blood, food, etc.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The above method worked for my white, black, and red gis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/249/Pulsehead", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I had a off-white/cream coloured gi back in the day", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "and that was great for not showing sweat stains.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you have to have a bright-white gi, there are non-chlorine, colour-fast bleaches you can get today.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm not sure what my mother did about the blood stains, but that's a separate conversation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Yes, I lived at home and was pampered. :-)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/54/Simon Peter Chappell", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I use a Wipp-tube (you might know of this brand better as 'Persil').", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It has a handy hard plastic brush that helps the rubbing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wipp is also perfect for stained collars of regular shirts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/139/Ruben Tavernier", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "If it is very dirty, handwash it with plenty of washing detergent (Oxi-Clean, baking soda and white vinegar in the washing machine works), and then let it soak overnight, before washing. Baking soda and vinegar are cheap comparatively to the other cleaning agents. ", "There are 3 most recommended ways to keep the GI pure white - handwashing with overninght soaking, baking soda with vinegar and brands such as Persil and Oxiclean." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Recommended ways to keep the GI pure white are handwashing with overninght soaking, baking soda with vinegar and brands such as Persil and Oxiclean. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "St John Ambulance has a page containing advice on treating nosebleeds .", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Specific points relating to stopping a nosebleed quickly are: Advise them not to speak, swallow, cough, spit or sniff because this may disturb blood clots that may have formed in the nose.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ask the casualty to breathe through their mouth (this will also have a calming effect) and to pinch the soft part of the nose.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Tell the casualty to keep pinching their nose (for 10 minutes).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Importantly, their advice is not to tip the head backwards :", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do not let the head tip back; blood may run down the throat inducing vomiting.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead, the casualty should \"tilt their head forwards to allow the blood to drain from the nostrils.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" \"Shut up, stay still, stop sniffling, pinch your nose, and tilt your head forward\" might not be the most reassuring advice, but it is probably the most effective way to stop a nosebleed quickly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/17/Nick", "score": 20 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "After getting my nose broken I had perpetual nose bleeds for about a month, I usually had about one each day that would just spring up randomly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My brother was training to be a paramedic at the time, so he knew how to deal with it and taught me.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Presumably as it was from his paramedic training, it's well researched.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "1", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": Look down, not up.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "You don't want the blood draining into your throat and your stomach.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's unpleasant long term, since you won't digest it very well, and there's a tendency to throw up if you get too much blood.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "2", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": Pinch the soft part of your nose for 10 minutes.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't let go to check if you've stopped bleeding, that's probably the most common mistake I see.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it's not really bad you might be able to get it done in just 5 minutes, but if after doing it for 5 minutes once you find it's still bleeding, just stick with 10.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And from the ENT specialist who did surgery to stop the bleeding from starting again.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Presumably his advice is well researched as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "3", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ": Put a generous dose of Vaseline inside your nostril to keep too big of a scab from building up.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the scab breaks off, you get the nose bleed all over again, so you want it small enough that a light hit to your nose doesn't break it off or that sneezing doesn't blow it out starting a new bleed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/565/Robin Ashe", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As an EMT I would have you sit down and lean forward where your elbows were supported on your knees.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "With a clean rag or paper towel try to compress your nostrils, or pinch them closed if not to painful.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This will prevent blood form going back into your throat and allow it to pool in the nostrils and form a clot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Depending how bad it is it should stop quickly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Blood is a very powerful gastral irritant, try avoid swallowing any.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/51/Swift", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I used to wrestle and I get nose bleeds very easily.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In wrestling, you only have a couple minutes to stop a nosebleed before you forfeit the match.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As weird as it sounds, we would use a small tampon.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just stick it up there and tilt your head forward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It'll be stopped very quickly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/66/Beaker", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Keep your hands up! :)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's easy to get a nose bleed, especially if you've had a few of them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are many ideas — I haven't tested any of them myself, but I've heard some of them debunked.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The most common one, is to tilt your head backwards — this won't stop the bleeding though, but you may keep it from soiling your clothes for a while.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Be careful about lying down, as the blood will only be redirected the wrong way, and that might harm you.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "What I would do, is to tilt the head forwards while pressing the nose, so that the bleeding is stopped.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "After a few minutes, the blood should clot naturally.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the nose bleed doesn't stop, seek immediate medical advice.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/30/Nix", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The most common advice that I usually hear is to just pinch your nose, which reduces the blood flow.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the bleeding is a bit heavier, then using a moist teabag (black tea) is known to help as well due to the tannins in the tea.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Additionally, the bag itself acts as a poultice to help absorb the excess blood.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/46/anonymous", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "To stop a nosebleed first, hold your nose with a soft cloth, a tissue, or, a clean cotton wool.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "This will reduce the mess of flowing blood and will result in lessening your irritation with the nosebleed, when its over.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Second, while holding down your nose with a soft cloth through one hand, lean forward as much as you can, and pinch your nostrils with another hand for 10 minutes, at this moment you can breathe from your mouth.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Try to wait for maximum of 10 minutes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It seems difficult, right?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But, in order to stop the nosebleed quickly, its worth to hold on for such a long time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/955/Himanshu Sharma", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have found an instant way to stop nose bleeds.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I mix powder collagen (from GNC, Vitamin Shoppe or any health food store with a few drops of water to form a paste and put it in your nose and dip a twisted up paper towel pack in the collagen paste and put into the nostril.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hold for a few minutes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it Stops instantly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Amazing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6200/Judy Saso", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Use NoBleed twice a day for 1 month and then once a day for one month before wrestling season", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 1 ] ] }, { "text": "and then once a week after that during wrestling season to PREVENT the nosebleeds from occurring.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It works.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also can be used by non-wrestlers who are affected by chronic recurrent nosebleeds...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6468/Bruce Hudkins", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Specific points relating to stopping a nosebleed quickly are: Advise them not to speak, swallow, cough, spit or sniff because this may disturb blood clots that may have formed in the nose. Ask the casualty to breathe through their mouth (this will also have a calming effect) and to pinch the soft part of the nose. Tell the casualty to keep pinching their nose(for 10 minutes). Do not let the head tip back; blood may run down the throat inducing vomiting. \"Shut up, stay still, stop sniffling, pinch your nose, and tilt your head forward\" might not be the most reassuring advice, but it is probably the most effective way to stop a nosebleed quickly. When pinching the soft part of your nose for 10 minutes, don't let go to check if you've stopped bleeding - that's probably the most common mistake. An EMT would have you sit down and lean forward where your elbows were supported on your knees.", "St Johns ambulance has a well researched way to stop nosebleeds that can be applied to training with other recommendations including the avoidance of coughing, spitting and sniffing, as well the use of vaseline in the nose and 'Nobleed'. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "St Johns Ambulance has a researched page document. Other ways include avoiding coughing, spitting and sniffing, looking up, pinching the soft part of the nose, vaseline in the nose and using Nobleed" ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "From the standpoint of \"is it a martial art\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think the answer is most definitively \"yes.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many of the techniques it practices are very fitting in with other contemporary \"martial arts.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It teaches hand-to-hand combat and techniques such as dive rolls and breakfalls, among other things, that are commonly found in other martial arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I can't really think of anything that would keep it from being considered a \"martial art.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, that's an easier question than whether it should be considered a traditional martial art.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's a substantially more difficult question, but not one that really detracts from whether it should be considered a martial art in its current form.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/11/David H. Clements", "score": 22 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "For some reference, Ive been training in a ninjutsu school for a couple years now.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From what I have gathered is that the ninjutsu aspect of the art is more of a state of mind rather than specific martial schools.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The ninjutsu aspect focus's on getting out of line of sight and distracting the opponent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fact the only unique ninjutsu kata i have found teaches the person to distract and evade the opponent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most of the other techniques are very jujutsu like.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is a good read on the school i attend.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "http://blog.bushinbooks.com/archives/11", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/61/Chris", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "(Disclaimer, I train in Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu) Nin \" JUTSU \".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The answer is in the name.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Wikipedia Update Dr Kacem Zoughari", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "discussing ninjutsu as an martial art.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Is there a unique [set of martial arts] for the ninja?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not in my experience.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The basic weapon work ( bokken, bo, tanto ) is very similar to other \"traditional\" Japanese martial arts, and so is the un-armed stuff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What is different (but again, not unique) is the emphasis on \"warrior combat\" and \"battlefield awareness\" with an eye on surviving , not achieving an honourable death .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/142/Guy", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If we assume, as others have described, that arts such as Kyudo, Kendo, Kickboxing, Kumdo, Escrima, etc. are martial arts, then we need to give a broad definition to the term.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Martial Arts could, therefore, be described as: A codified system for the development of skills of or derived from the arts of war.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this way, we include under the banner 1.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "combat sports (which we must acknowledge as, at the very least, being derived from warrior virtues),", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "2.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "philosophical pursuits of war (Heiho/tactics, for instance, or the zen aspects of Kyudo without including pursuits such as Shodo or tea ceremony), and 3.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "weapon arts (to not exclude those arts that are purely related to the development of a weapon skill, such as Iai, whether or not they are viewed, correctly or incorrectly, as practical).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Further, we exclude any need or demand for any moral guidance through the art, allowing both those arts dubbed do and jutsu to be acceptable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then, if we accept this definition, we must accept ninjutsu as a martial art, since it is inclusive of tactics, weapon skills, and those traditionally warlike aspects of effectively eliminating an enemy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Going through the shoninki , bansenshukai , and shinobi hiden (along with new translations) have led to a new understanding.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This too is likely to change.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ninjutsu is an erroneous name; the art is better written 忍ノ術, read \"Shinobi-no-Jutsu\", the arts of the shinobi .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The art, or rather collection of skills, is not combative, and consists of a series of skills related to their abilities: kajutsu and kayakujutsu – The use, carrying, and creation of fire and explosives (black powder and compressed explosives).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would include sub-skills of arson and demolitions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Shinobi-iri -", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To go as a shinobi ; that is, to move through a target location with the intent of completing a mission and without detection.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would include infiltration and extraction, cartography, human intelligence management (torture), breaking and entering, acting, deception, cold reading, espionage, conversational skills, disguise, con-artistry and misdirect, scouting, climbing, tunneling, and signaling.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Suijutsu - Swimming, boat building, and other water-crossing skills.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'd also include bridge/platform construction here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Taigyou - Sabotage and trapping methods.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "doku - Use and creation of poisons and acids.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Youjutsu", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "- This might be a misnomer, but would include all the various esoteric practices the shinobi may study.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Now, this is shinobi-no-jutsu , or what we commonly call ninjutsu .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Saying that it is a \"martial art\" is a bit like saying that a KGB agent living in the US during the cold war was a \"soldier\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As far as combative skills, it's likely that many had training, likely in some form known to their family or through affiliation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know if this is an answer, but I thought I should post the new information and add it for evaluation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/25/stslavik", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would think it can definitely be considered an art because it evolves over time, and students who become teachers will favor certain techniques and skills, and will assimilate techniques and skills from other arts.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It also is not a closed system bound by unbreakable rules - IOW if you come up with a new technique or skill that works then you can incorporate it in.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This in itself would mean it satisfies the definition of an art as opposed to a science or practice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/70/slugster", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, because it meets the definition of martial arts — a system of techniques and ideas utilized for combat and self defense.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "However, some people ask if ninjutsu still exists.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The schools Tomagakure Ryu, Kumogakure Ryu and Gyokushin Ryu teach Ninpo (Ninjutsu).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The many practical techniques used by these schools are now taught in Bujinkan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, to keep certain tactics secret, many of these skills were not written down and passed on orally and lost in modern teachings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The scrolls and techniques from these schools are still used in Bujinkan which qualifies Ninpo as a martial art that's still around.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6799/Mr.Salmon", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Ninjutsu would be termed a martial art, as it meets the definition of martial arts — a system of techniques and ideas utilized for combat and self defense. It has evolved over time and assimilated techniques and skills from other arts.", "Ninjutsu would be considered as a martial art as it changes over time and uses a system of techniques and skills used for combat and self defense." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Ninjutsu would be considered as a martial art as it changes over time and uses a system of techniques and skills used for combat and self defense, meeting the definition of 'martial art'. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "The best indicators I ever found were: Are the senior grades teaching the lower grades?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Is the instructor friendly and approachable?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Is everyone (from the top to the bottom) having fun?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Are there special fees, secret techniques, and a cult mentality?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Are many people injured?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Are all fees clearly labelled and explained?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "What are the instructors' qualifications?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ -1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The dojo is not a McDojo .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "With those you should not err too far.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that those are not only applicable to Aikido but especially the injury and qualifications ones are very applicable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Aikido can be hard on the wrist, knees and ankles.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Break falls can be hard on your neck and back.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus it is important to know your limit and pay attention to instructions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Note that qualifications includes both proficiency at Aikido (which can be hard to judge) as well as teaching qualifications and insurance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for styles, pick the right dojo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do not worry about the style as in the end, it is all Aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/82/Sardathrion - against SE abuse", "score": 18 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It doesn't matter what they say about the school.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It matters what they do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I believe, the answer to the question lies in measuring the schools ability to help you find what you are looking for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So go to the school and look for people who you can relate to.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you can see people that you have something in common with and you can see people making progress along a path of change that would motivate you then this is a good school for you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For example I heard once about this Aikido dojo that had a very impressive student body, they looked great.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For their warm up drills they did forward hand springs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It turns out they were from a University and had been recruited from the gymnastics team.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What we are looking for is a place where we can make progress on our own path.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you can see in the school the kind of change you are looking to make that school will probably work for you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/923/kkron", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Generally, it's pretty straight forward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Go to a dojo (or contact someone beforehand if they a website and mail address) and ask if you can watch a class.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Watch the class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do not watch the techniques/movements/forms, but watch the attitudes of the teacher and the students.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Watch the interaction between them and between senior students and beginners.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Are many people smiling while working hard?", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Particularly watch the teacher when he demonstrates to the students what to do, or when he intervenes between practising students, handing out feedback.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Does", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "he/she give advice/feedback or is he/", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "she just criticising or putting the students down?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Are there many injuries?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "After watching, try to have a chat with the teacher (if he/she hasn't already approached you him-/herself).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Approachable?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hopefully, yes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you leave the dojo, how do you feel?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Does it feel like something that you'd want to be part of?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Bingo!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If not, stay away.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You should feel a good connection first.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The rest, the movements/forms/etc, can be learned.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6704/John Goverts", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I wrote something a few years ago that is still fairly relevant.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The thing is - how do you choose a school, and that is not specific to aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I hope this helps -- let me know if this brings up any questions in your mind.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The basic point is: make sure the teacher is personable and not just trying to sell you on a subscription.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Pay attention to the students.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How do the beginners look?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "How do the intermediate students look?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The intermediate students should look like they have an idea what they're doing, and should look worse than the advanced students.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Finally - as a student, once you have chosen a school, you have a responsibility to shut up, listen and learn.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/68/Anon", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It depends on what result you expect from studying martial arts, but in many cases it will be useful to look at the students there.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In most martial arts with sparring, students who are taught by a good trainer will win in competition.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I suggest instructors which have such students are better than those who have not.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In most cases in Aikido there is no such scale, but you can ask about certifications (both student and instructor).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anyway, there must be some external verification of instructor quality available.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/91/Iarek", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Try to consider the dojo as a whole.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Beside avoiding scams and cult staff you should look at this: the teacher has to be good and motivated.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "the amount of talk from the students should be minimum or absent.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Basically you should hear breakfalls noise, not people speaking.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "a healthy number of senior students ( one third of students is a good number)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "white pajamas should be at least half of the total students.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(not necessarily true for very big dojos) students, especially white belts, should look very motivated.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "there should be physical training.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If they don't look tired at the end of the lesson don't join the dojo.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Avoid dojos where senior students regularly give explanation to novices.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "That's a break of etiquette and should be a seldom exception.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10/tacone", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "The best indicators I ever found were: Are the senior grades teaching the lower grades? Is the instructor friendly and approachable? Is everyone (from the top to the bottom) having fun Are there special fees, secret techniques, and a cult mentality? What are the instructors' qualifications? Go to a dojo and ask if you can watch a class. Do not watch the techniques/movements/forms, but watch the attitudes of the teacher and the students. In most martial arts with sparring, students who are taught by a good trainer will win in competition. Basically you should hear breakfalls noise, not people speaking.", "Aikido can be hard on the body and the most important indicator to be aware of before signing up to a Dojo, is to see if the instructors are senior, qualified and approachable. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Be aware that Aikido can be hard on the body. There are a number of indicators to check before signing to a Dojo, the most important is to see if the instructors are senior, qualified and approachable. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Have you considered an MMA ground and pound dummy or a wrestling throw dummy?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are several types out there and not all of the work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would consider looking for one with full length arms and is sturdy enough to nearly stand on it's own.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some examples: Throw Dummy: Ground and Pound:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Personally I think the throw dummy would work better than the ground and pound dummy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/66/Beaker", "score": 15 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A gi and a pole is all you need!", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I had support beams readily available when I was training in judo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Put your gi on the beam, and you're good to go for a lot of different throws.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It works pretty well for uchi komis for throws like o soto gari , o goshi , seio nage , and the like.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not the best for o", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "uchi or ko uchi gari though.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "To make it a little more interesting, or add resistance, put a resistance band through the sleeves and grip that instead of the gi sleeve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/21/Patricia", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "As Iaroslav said, some sort of elastic resistance equipment around a sturdy pole is your best bet.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Personally I have found that resistance tubes ( http://www.amazon.co.uk/Reebok-Resistance-Tube-Level-Black/dp/B002KMK57O/ref=sr_1_4?s=sports&ie=UTF8&qid=1328173425&sr=1-4 ) are better resistance wise, however the bands ( http://www.amazon.co.uk/Dyna-Band-Purple-workout-resistance/dp/B00293SIVO/ref=sr_1_8?s=sports&ie=UTF8&qid=1328173425&sr=1-8 ) can provide a more realistic gripping position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For an even more realistic method you can take apart an old gi and attach parts of the lapels to the handles of a resistance tube and grip that instead of the band itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/117/Jamie MacDonald", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I've seen some people using elastic rope attached to a wall to to practice certain throws.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Elastic bandage is widely used for that.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus it is not good for every throw, but is rather cheap and simple to use.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/91/Iarek", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can't.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not effectively that is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other answers are telling you to simulate static throws.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I avoid teaching static throws, generally.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Moving drills are the most effective in my experience.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Timing is crucial.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Reap the foot just as he is placing his weight on it.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Ko Uchi Gari , Kodokan Judo, page 69", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can't do a proper Ko Uchi Gari without having the proper timing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You cannot develop this timing when training by yourself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All of your technique should have a timing element.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "[Edit]", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We once had a guy come in and tell one of our teachers that he was a black belt.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This dude had never taken a Judo class before.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't know what books he had read or drills that he had done (if any).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Self-taught self-trained Judo black belts don't exist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10658/tye649", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A traditional response to this, particularly in Shinden Fudo-ryu, was to use trees or bamboo.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In positioning yourself for the throw against the tree, you are performing a form of isometric exercise to adapt your body and tendons to the motion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In performing against bamboo which flexes and moves, you become capable of following the movement through.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/25/stslavik", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I find that you can practice foot work and here your arms would be on your own", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "but I would recommend doing it in front of a full length mirror so that you know if it looks the same as when your sensei does it (if you have one) if you know what muscles you need to work on for a move or throw then you can try and train them in other methods for example pull ups or push ups or squats.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I find this is useful from personal experience.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10586/ren", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can practise Judo at home if you have a good grappling dummy that consists of a whole body such as torso, head, arms, and legs.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The only issue you will have is the resistance because in real life when you go to execute a Judo throw on someone you will be met with some resistance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Still, learning the Judo throws at home and using a grappling dummy will help you when or if you join a Judo school.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Also, if you want to add more to the Judo techniques such as knives, guns, etc then practising them at home on a grappling dummy would be more beneficial as in MMA, Jujitsu, and Judo schools will not add the weapons to the techniques.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10665/The Real Joe 8.2", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Although some people avoid teaching static throws, others say that a gi and a pole is all you need. Trees, bamboo, elastic bandages or ropes can all be used as solo training tools. You may also use a grappling dummy. However, timing is a key factor for all techniques.", "You can practice Judo at home using elastic, practicig timing, moving drills or using a whole body dummy. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Suggestions to practice Judo at home include the use of elastic, practicig timing, moving drills and you could use a whole body dummy. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "INTERVALS!", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "the best way to train cardio for martial arts is to train is as similar a fashion as the activity your are training for.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "hrm, that's a bit of an awkward sentence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "take football (american) those big dudes that have to explode out and block the other big dudes, they arn't running miles and miles and miles, they are doing sprints and a lot of resistance training.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "you need to do the same.do high resistance high intensity running/eliptical/rowing for the length of your rounds(or maybe a little bit longer, not a lot longer) and then take a rest (as long as your rests at aikido are).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "running is not the best, something that offers resistance(like you would be getting in randori is better)", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/21/Patricia", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Crossfit tends to be great compliment to martial arts training. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrossFit", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8/Keith Nicholas", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Sport-specific cardio", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Unless you are quite good at a particular sport, the best way to improve your conditioning for that sport is to practice that sport at high intensity.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you flag during judo randori, do more randori; if you get winded while boxing, then hit the bag more; if your aikido conditioning is poor, then go to aikido class more often, and make sure those classes are intense enough to be challenging.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In some sports, people can get so efficient at the skills involved that practice doesn't improve their cardio much.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is particularly true in sports like Brazilian jiu-jitsu, where a black belt often doesn't have to expend much energy to fend off or tap a white or blue belt.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In these cases, using other forms of cardio to improve your conditioning can be productive .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Generalized cardio", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I found it helpful to understand the three metabolic pathways.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Humans burn energy differently in (and recover differently from) different lengths of exertion: See this question on Fitness.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "SE", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "for a more detailed explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Intervals in any form are very productive for increasing your \"wind\" for multiple bouts of randori.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This includes sprints, Prowler pushes (PDF) , kettlebell work (swings, clean-and-jerks, or snatches) and a variety of other work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The key is that allowing yourself to recover partially or totally between exertions allows you to train the explosive phosphagenic and hard-but-brief glycolytic pathways in addition to the steady-state, slow-and-plodding oxidative pathway.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can also just do a single brief-and-hard workout on the order of 5 to ten minutes of all-out effort.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Glenn Pendlay has weighed in on the most effective conditioning for combat sport (which is tangentially related to aikido):", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Remember, the goal is overall strength and condition, not to get good at any one particular thing.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Find 5 or 6 exercises that work for you and rotate through them, using one per workout.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Keep track of the reps you get in 10 minutes on each exercise, and try to improve.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Here are some good ones…", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Push a prowler....", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Kettlebell clean and jerks....", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Farmers walk....", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Take a barbell, a light one, and keep it moving without setting it down for 10 minutes....", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are two sources of energy in the body - aerobic and anaerobic.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Aerobic energy is the energy you get from the air you breathe.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Anaerobic is what your body can get out of itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hint - aerobic energy is better!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's easier to recycle (breathe out, breathe in, hey, new energy!) and takes less energy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Using anaerobic energy releases lactic acid, and that's the part that hurts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So, you want to develop better veinous/arterial circulation in the areas of your body where you need it -- along with good training to actually breathe in and out regularly without the breathing muscles getting tired or your body panicking from the high-intensity exercise.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Patricia's answer is quite good and, hopefully, this will give you some more.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/68/Anon", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Kettlebells.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I wish I'd known about these things back when I was a lad.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The aerobic workout they deliver using an exercise technique like the Swing has to be experienced to be believed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And they help with functional strength.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/54/Simon Peter Chappell", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Tabata intervals/workouts are great for cardio.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I like doing them on a stationary bike, but using a timer you could do heavy bag drills too.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Toss in some strength training (basic barbell stuff) and you'll be golden.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "http://www.rosstraining.com/articles/tabataintervals.html", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/435/Wayne In Yak", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The response regarding interval training hits the nail on the head.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It'll challenge your muscles and your heart, and avoid the loss of training effect that comes when muscles get used to a constant routine.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And it would seem to duplicate the exertions of a bout or fight, with activity highs and lows.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My training routine includes walking over mild, moderate and extreme hill sections in my neighborhood, with interval training on the mild and moderate grades.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The extreme hill areas (some are at a 10 degree or 1-in-6 grade) bring on breathlessness and muscle fatigue, and can only be done at a slow speed.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Walking up the extreme areas is like pushing a heavy stone on level ground.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I find that this cardio type training also helps build the muscle strength and balance needed for martial arts practice, stronger legs are good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One advantage of hill walking is that going uphill utilizes different muscles in a different way compared to going downhill, so one gets the benefit of two different exercise motions.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Downhill seems more isometric, and research shows that uphill and downhill walking have different physiological benefits (one is better for blood sugar control, the other for blood lipids).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Running puts more stress on the muscles and joints than walking, which might be good or bad depending on the person.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'am 63", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "so walking is my choice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If one is going to be involved in a long contest, such as a 10 or 12 round boxing match, then fairly long distance running appears to help build the stamina needed to keep fighting over an extended period.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some excellent boxers who tended to win short bouts and were not adequately conditioned were defeated by better conditioned and more wily opponents who were able to make the contest go the full number of rounds.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1042/Larry B", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "The best way to train cardio for martial arts is to train is as similar a fashion as the activity your are training for. For example, football players do not run for miles and miles and miles - they do sprints and a lot of resistance training. You need to do the same. Do high resistance high intensity running/elliptical/rowing for the length of your rounds nd then take a rest. Running is not the best, something that offers resistance is better. CrossFit tends to be great compliment to martial arts training. Unless you are quite good at a particular sport, the best way to improve your conditioning for that sport is to practice that sport at high intensity. If you flag during judo randori, do more randori; if you get winded while boxing, then hit the bag more; if your aikido conditioning is poor, then go to aikido class more often, and make sure those classes are intense enough to be challenging. ", "Ways to increase cardio fitness for martial arts include high intensity workouts, interval training like Tabata, crossfit, going to intense classes and resistance training suited to the length of your rounds. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Some of the best ways to increase cardio fitness for martial arts include high intensity workouts, interval training eg Tabata, crossfit and resistance training suited to the length of your rounds. Also going to intense Aikido classes. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Here are some options off the top of my head: Drills are useful since your body will likely default to what it trained.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There are a multitude of drills from a multitude of sources (thunder ranch, magpul dynamics, uspsa stages, etc.), however I assume this is what you mean by target practice.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Exercise can put your body under stress to give you some small indication of what you might face.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Doing jumping jacks or push-ups (With your gun tabled or in a very secure holster) and the firing a string forces you to control your breathing and pulse, and if maintained long enough causes muscle fatigue", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "i.e. loss of fine motor control. Force-on-Force is used by many law enforcement and military organizations to train for combat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is when two individuals or groups run training scenarios against one another using non-lethal devices ranging from paint balls to lasers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Gas blowback airsoft pistols are likely the most cost effective method of force on force training available to civilians.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Many airsoft guns have controls that function identically to the real thing, and many firearms manufacturers contract with airsoft companies to produce training pistols.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Fear of failure, and small doses of pain may provide you with some quasi-realistic training.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You and colleagues can simulate scenarios that you might encounter in your AO.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The failing points of this kind of training tend to be using cover that wouldn't stop bullets, reduced sensory input (noise and light), and no recoil control training.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Remember to wear eye protection.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Join your local IDPA group.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "While not the same as being shot at, the time constraints and various scenarios can add some decent stress and will have you practicing drawing, firing from cover, tactical reloads and target/threat assessments.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you feel your not being tested well enough, take a run shortly before your event to get your heart and breathing rate up.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You need to have partners and setup realistic drills using something like air soft guns (should be a given not to use real firearms).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Think of scenarios, setup a drill or the scenario, run through it and critique afterwards.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/435/Wayne In Yak", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There's a common statement made often by trainers in this regard: under stress in the real deal , you will only be as good as 50% of your typical day in training.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Training and running drills distills the muscle-memory into your arms, fingers, legs, etc.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "This muscle memory is what will typically default to under stress.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Keep in mind", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you lose all fine motor control when under serious stress.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you train regularly, expect your training results to be to get worse by a factor of 1/2 in the real deal (it's not a perfect science, this is just what is typically quoted).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means hand-palm size groupings will roughly double in size.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Knowing some of the above, you adjust how you train to fit those common rules and guidelines.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When your training reaches a level where you are near perfect, then you start adding stress (in the ways mentioned in some of the other posts) to the training, and repeat until that level of training reaches a reasonable level of perfection as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are quite a few shooting schools you can go to, that will do this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And over time , you will better your abilities with self-defense and weapons.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Shooting is a perishable skill, so it's particularly important", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "you maintain a level of ability consistently.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I know that the querent will probably never see this since this is a question migrated from a now-defunct Stack Exchange site, but if you live in a large city, there's a decent chance that you can find a facility that offers classes with scenarios for combat shooting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I know that they exist in the Pittsburgh area, where I currently reside.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ultimately, the best way to learn is by doing, and this provides a safe space to experiment and to practice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And, as with any martial art, the only way to be effective in combat is to practice in a combat situation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1780/Macaco Branco", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "One method espoused by a couple CrossFitting military folks is to elevate your heart rate through exercise and go shooting.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "They call it a \"stress shoot\" and use a modified version of CrossFit's Helen workout ( Vimeo ), which means several rounds of running, kettlebell swings, barbell push press (substituted for pull-ups), and target practice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The point is to train or test one's ability to remain accurate while fatigued, with elevated heart rate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "Options include: Drills, since your body will likely default to what it is trained to do. Exercise can put your body under stress to give you some small indication of what you might face. Gas blowback airsoft pistols are likely the most cost effective method of force on force training available to civilians. Many airsoft guns have controls that function identically to the real thing, and many firearms manufacturers contract with airsoft companies to produce training pistols. Join your local IDPA group. You need to have partners and setup realistic drills using something like air soft guns (should be a given not to use real firearms). Training and running drills establishes muscle-memory in your arms, fingers, legs, etc.", "Some ways of practicing shooting for combat are to join a local group, using trainig drills, exercise to control breathing, as well as using airsoft pistols. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Some ways of practicing shooting for combat are to join a local group, using trainig drills and exercise to control breathing and using airsoft pistols. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Imrich Lichtenfeld - the founder of Krav Maga - does not appear to have any formal asian martial arts roots that I can find.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "His bios state that he learned wrestling and grappling from his father, and later honed his skills fighting on the street.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "( wikipedia , kravmaga.com ).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once he immigrated to Israel he joined the para-military forces and started teaching self-defense techniques.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "During that same time Aikido was being developed by Morihei Ueshiba.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He based Aikido off of his years practicing Daitō-ryū, Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū, Gotōha Yagyū Shingan-ryū, and Judo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "( wikipedia )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He continued to refine the art throughout the duration of his life.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I watched the video.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These are the techniques I felt were similar to Aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Kotegaeshi - There were a number of examples of this Iriminage - Several examples which looked very rough.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nikyo - The angle was not good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It might have been nikyo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sankyo?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "-", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At one point (After the supposed nikyo) it looks like he does a sankyo against his chest.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Looking at the techniques: Kotegaeshi is probably just a natural development of anyone experimenting with joint locks.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are only so many ways to bend the wrist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Iriminage in this video is akin to a close line, and it doesn't have the fluidity or grace of most Aikido styles I've seen.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those may be nikyo and sankyo, but again, there are only so many ways to hurt a wrist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are probably variations on the same principles.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because Imrich Lichtenfeld continued to evolve Krav Maga it is not impossible to say that Aikido may have eventually started to influence a few of the techniques, but there is nothing in his online biographies to suggest that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The two martial arts have very conflicting philosophies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Krav Maga has a philosophy emphasizing threat neutralization, simultaneous defensive and offensive maneuvers, and aggression.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "wikipedia Aikido is often translated as \"the Way of unifying (with) life energy\" or as \"the Way of harmonious spirit.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\" Ueshiba's goal was to create an art that practitioners could use to defend themselves while also protecting their attacker from injury. wikipedia", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/9/Jack B Nimble", "score": 21 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are only so many ways the body can be manipulated, off-balanced, locked, thrown, etc.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Put a bunch of students in a room and they'll argue about systemic differences.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Put a bunch of masters in a room and they know they're the same (but different).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I see an amazing number of similarities in seemingly-disparate arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/13/Dave Newton", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "This video you linked to isn't just Krav Maga.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A lot of it is Israeli Ju Jitsu.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Krav Maga is generally very static or 'rough' in it's movements, while Aikido (or at least the pieces of Aikido I have seen) is very fluent, and the fighting mechanics has an aesthetic focus.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The guy from this video (Roy Elghanyan) has another video where it's Krav Maga only, but his style is a bit different from the style I know best from the branch IKM (International Krav Maga).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In IKM you do not want to take the fight to the ground even though you train groundfighting, so Roy Elghanyan's takedowns are not to be preferred here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I should mention that IKM has a big focus on police and military training.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This footage is from civilians taking a police course to get a taste of it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/924/Christopher T", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "That's clearly a man that has been practising a lot of martial arts, not just krav maga.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's lots of Brasilian Jujitsu in those videos, as well as typical aikido stuff (especially direct irimis, which are not found in almost every other martial art).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Summing up, it has not to be krav maga just because the video title says so.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/10/tacone", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There were two other creators of Krav Maga (beside Imi L) , who were Aikido black belts, so that's why you can see so many similarities.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Eli Avikzar and Rafi Algrisi", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(the two other aforementioned krav maga creators) both had black belts in aikido and judo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elis Bio: http://www.wincol.ac.il/lp/kami-eli Cant find any info on the internet about Rafi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Everybody knows that Imi was a skilled boxer and wrestler, but you can clearly see that there is much more of other martial arts techniques in Krav Maga.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1301/Arek", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Krav Maga has indeed incorporated techniques from Aikido since the 1970's: In 1968 Eli Avikzar began learning Aikido underneath the guidance of an Englishman named Mike and became his coaching partner after a year.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Mike was astounded by Eli’s fast progress and allowed him to go abroad for his Black Belt training in Aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Following mike’s advice, Eli left for France in 1971, passed the test and received a brown belt in Aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Before his tour, Eli received his Black Belt in Judo, additionally to the first Black Belt ever given in Krav Maga, which he got from “Imi” in 1971.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Upon his return, Eli started working alongside “Imi” in Netanya and Tel-Aviv training centers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, they trained Soldiers and volunteer units.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In 1977 Eli went to Germany and received a Black Belt level in Aikido from the European Federation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "About the Founder - Eli Avikzar ( kravmagen.ca )", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8910/brazofuerte", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Imrich Lichtenfeld - the founder of Krav Maga - does not appear to have any formal asian martial arts roots. There were two other creators of Krav Maga (beside Imi L) , who were Aikido black belts, so that's why you can see so many similarities. Krav Maga has indeed incorporated techniques from Aikido since the 1970's: In 1968 Eli Avikzar began learning Aikido underneath the guidance of an Englishman named Mike and became his coaching partner after a year.", "Krav Maga does have roots in Aikido, as he was an Aikido blackbelt and has incorporated techniques from Aikido since the 1970s. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Krav Maga was an Aikido blackbelt and has incorporated techniques from Aikido since the 1970s. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "There are tons more techniques for escaping mount, but the ones you have been taught are the ones you should focus on.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "There are several reasons for this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Focus on fundamentals", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The two escapes you know are arguably the most straightforward and efficient methods of escaping mount.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In addition, they both develop absolutely critical grappling movement skills : the bridge and the shrimp.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These two movements will be used in all sorts of situations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are also complementary: if the person on top stops one, the other is often easier to apply.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead of looking for other techniques, you'd do well to put your effort into applying these two techniques against a variety of opponents.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The other major reason to stick with these is that they are high percentage techniques.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Even the best jiujitsieros have trouble with these two escapes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are used in elite BJJ competition.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't discount them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't be a YouTube grappler Aesopian, a BJJ black belt who has been prolific on the web since he was a blue belt, used to be a voracious reader/watcher of instructional tapes and books.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He has this to say about learning in this manner :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You find some interesting techniques in a book or online.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You glance them over and make a note to try later.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At class, you’ve got your attention split between what is being taught in front of you and the half-forgotten tutorials floating around in your head.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When sparring comes, you drop whatever the day’s lesson was and fumble to piece together something else entirely.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He goes on at length.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is the fate of the grappler who attempts to learn technique from the internet or instructionals, instead of in class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't learn your technique from YouTube.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Learn and drill in class.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(That being said, learning techniques from video can be marginally useful in some limited sense .)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Improving your upa", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The bridge is a fundamental movement not just to escaping mount, and not just to Brazilian jiu-jitsu, but to all of BJJ, all grappling, and all fighting.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Getting your bridge to be technically efficient as well as powerful is a great goal no matter what level of jiu-jitsu you have.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When I'm working on my upa (bridge), I work on strength, power, and technique in the following ways:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Technique) Movement drilling - I practice the movement on my own.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I make sure I get my feet close to my butt", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", I make sure I'm not exposing my arm", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", I make sure I'm extending my hips fully", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", I make sure I'm pivoting on my shoulder.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are a variety of movements (Strength) Barbell hip thrusts -", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I hope the implications of being ferociously strong in this movement do not need to be explained.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other general strength exercises that assist this movement are the barbell squat and deadlift.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Power) Olympic lifts", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "- The barbell power clean is a tremendously successful method of translating strength gained from other strength work into speed-strength (power), which is the most relevant attribute to athletics.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Technique) Positional drilling - The simplest way to get gobs of training time in mount escapes is to drill it repeatedly.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Give your partner mount in free rolling, or outside of class get a skilled partner on top of you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Set the timer for ten minutes and switch every time you escape.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Have them resist, and try to submit you, to the best of their ability.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do this with as many partners as possible, and you will get very familiar with the minutiae of what works for escaping.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are other options, but bump and roll and elbow escaping are the best to spend your time developing.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "One tip that helped me a lot early on was learning to combine those two techniques effectively.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Use a failed upa to set up an elbow escape.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There have been some good tips foraging a more powerful bridge already listed, but I think most people have more of a problem making sure the leg and arm are properly trapped than they do actually bridging.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/666/Josh", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "You can escape out the backdoor - underhook their legs with at least one arm and rotate to your knees (quickly, or you'll get triangled).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can press them away and tuck both knees in to get butterfly guard.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If they have high mount you can reverse figure four them.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can overhook an arm and bridge over the other shoulder.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you have good choke defense you can give up your back, as long as it's going to your knees and not your stomach.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can bait the armbar and do a hitch-hiker escape.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You can bait the americana to facilitate an easier bridge and roll.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "To get a more powerful buck, get your heels to your butt first.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The further your heels are away, the weaker it is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/565/Robin Ashe", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Here's something I liked to do when doing bjj, being a flexible guy:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If the mounting guy sits up, I would put my leg between his torso and mine, kind of like when rubber guard, but in front of him, then it's really simple to push him away since your legs are so strong.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If he's isn't sitting up, i.e., making an s-grip with your hands between his ass, bridging and turning him over worked well, but requires a lot of explosiveness.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1265/Mårten", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I use bridge and roll if they are over my hips but its not all that effective in my opinion.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If they are very high up", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I elbow escape\\shrimp to get my hips lower and then use either of these 2 escapes: 1) Turn on my side, frame the hip with both hands, push their knee wide with my bottom knee exposing their shin, hook the shin\\ankle with my top leg, using elbow and the hook lift their leg and get half guard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have been using this since white belt, its effective for getting back to half guard and I reckon your instructor should have shown this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "2)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Shrimp hip escape and get full guard", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Those are the only 2 escapes I personally use, combined together to get half or full guard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I sometimes use the bridge and roll to create some space and get onto my side.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/7823/berimbolo", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Elbow Knee escapeRoy dean has some great techniques for escaping the mount!", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "check out his blue belt reqs dvd", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1475/Funky", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "There are many techniques for escaping mount, but the ones you have been taught are the ones you should focus on. Learn and drill in class. Improve your up, Olympic lifts, and positional drilling. The simplest way to get lots of training time in mount escapes is to perform drills . Bump and roll and elbow escaping are worth developing. Most people have a problem making sure the leg and arm are properly trapped than they do actually bridging. You can escape out the backdoor - underhook their legs with at least one arm and rotate to your knees. You can press them away and tuck both knees in to get butterfly guard. If they have high mount you can reverse figure four them. If you have good choke defense you can give up your back, as long as it's going to your knees and not your stomach. You can bait the armbar and do a hitch-hiker escape. You can bait the americana to facilitate an easier bridge and roll.", "There are many techniques so focus on the ones you have been taught in class or you can use bump and roll, position drilling, creating a more powerful bridge, olympic lifts, pressing them away to move into butterfly guard, and baiting the armbar and americana." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "There are many techniques so focus on the ones you have been taught in class. Examples of techniques you can use are bump and roll, position drilling, creating a more powerful bridge, olympic lifts, pressing them away to move into butterfly guard, and baiting the armbar and americana." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Tai chi can be best described as \"mediation in motion.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "\" It is more slow-moving than tae kwon do and focuses more on internal energy development whereas tae kwon do is more external.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, that does not mean that tai chi itself will not provide a workout for you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It may not be as strenuous or physically demanding as tae kwon do, but you will see some physical benefits out of doing it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In general, the movements will work your core, back, legs, and arms.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Though it looks slow from an outside perspective, some of what you may be doing might not come so easy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tae kwon do on the other hand is more \"hard\" and external with its phsyical movements.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You will be doing various punches, kicks, techniques, and forms as you go through the curriculum.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Sparring, I believe, is also another component of it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Doing that for a while will have an effect on strengthening and conditioning your body for learning and adapting to the material.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It really depends on what you want in terms of \"fitness and exercise\" so it might be better to clarify that to get a better answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I started doing both kung fu and tai chi at the same time at my school, but many people choose one or the other.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some people who do only tai chi do it just to move around (who tend to be older in age as well).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have seen people who choose that route improve their posture, joint movements, and some flexibility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "People at my school who jump right into kung fu will also develop more physical stamina along with overall body strength.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Considering the difference between those two styles, what I would do is try to visit each class and observe it or try it out if you can.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Stay with each one for some time to get a better feel of what you will be doing and how your body will respond.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, I don't think you should be averse to choosing one over the other (maybe not now, but perhaps later) since neither one should impair what you do in the other art.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You may find them to be complementarily beneficial (over time once you develop a deeper understanding of your physical movements and what each art entails).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/15/Matt Chan", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Permit me to reinforce what Matt Chan states.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Style (tae kwon do or tai chi)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(in my opinion) ought to be a tertiary selector.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I believe that I'm not alone in stating that long term success/happiness in martial arts derives first from the instructor, second from the classmates and only third from the art.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You may want to read one of my prior prolixities on the subject of how to choose a school", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So my advice is to visit both classes, observe and then choose.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My daughter is a shodan in Tomiki Aikido; when she went to college we contacted the aikido group there, and she joined for a few classes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Total bust.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The instructor didn't show up, the classes were taught by a junior student with insufficient understanding of either aikido or teaching.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "She switched to isshinryu karate.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My current Tai chi teacher teaches two classes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In our class we have to strap on pads for some exercises - full contact tai chi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In his other class, they never ever discuss the martial applications of tai chi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tai chi can be both practical and a good workout.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Because you said that you're primarily interested in fitness, I'll only mention briefly that the push hands exercises in tai chi have been quite beneficial for my aikido.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From a fitness perspective, even after 10+ years of aikido, tai chi has given me stronger stabilizers, and I walk out of class with a sweat after every session.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(I'll probably sweat less as I get better at push hands).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/457/Mark C. Wallace", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you're sedentary in a new city and looking for exercise, the best school to join is whichever one actually moves around vigorously that you will enjoy and stick with .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whether it's Tae Kwon Do, tai chi, yoga, lifting weights, or soccer doesn't particularly matter.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whether or not you sweat matters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whether you like it and keep going matters.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, it's very likely that practice at the tai chi school involves less vigorous activity than your average yoga class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most tai chi schools practice the form as a slow dance, with maybe a small amount of time spent doing very soft and compliant partner drills.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It would be better than nothing at developing fitness, but certainly not a complete or optimal solution.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Try the class and see how sweat-inducing it is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll bet that the TKD school makes you sweat harder.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If you are looking just for exercise and fitness, martial arts in general is probably not a good choice.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Crossfit, P90X, walking, jogging, biking, swimming will work better.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most \"lifers\" don't rely on class for conditioning, and will tend to practice and condition on their own.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Tai chi is good if you want to start correcting your posture", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but so can the milder forms of yoga.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Dancing also works well, and you probably have a lot more fun.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/65/Ho-Sheng Hsiao", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "From personal experience, I would say it's essential to develop a general understanding of martial arts from other schools before beginning with Tai Chi.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0, 1 ] ] }, { "text": "Not only because it is the art with by far the highest number of fraudulent teachers, but also because you just won't be training it properly unless you understand how it works as a martial art.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I train currently with an honorary member of the Chen family, and even in his classes I'm seeing a great number of people using sweeping motions where there should be piston motions just because they only think of the postures they need to end in rather than the purpose of the movement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8681/Alistair Sweeting", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "For just exercise and fitness, martial arts in general is probably not a good choice. It is essential to develop a general understanding of martial arts from other schools before beginning with Tai Chi.", "Try to develop an undrestanding of martial arts first as it's probable not the best to start with first if you are just looking for exercise and fitness." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Try to develop an undrestanding of martial arts first as it's probable not the best to start with first if you are just looking for exercise and fitness." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Chris Chi asserts that seven stars refers to seven points of the body – head, shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, foot – each can be used to deflect or strike.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Alas, Chris Chi doesn't provide a graphic, and the seven star stance in my tai chi form is quite unlike the seven star mantis stance shown if I google for seven star stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(Attempts to include links failed badly).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/457/Mark C. Wallace", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Chinese martial arts are generally known for assigning flowery names to it's various postures, techniques and excercises.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While quite often the names are similar across styles and lineages, their actual meaning is subject to the particular style, lineage or school.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "From this web site (I could not find more authoritative web reference at the moment): The seven brightest stars of the constellation are Ursa Major, the Great Bear, also called the Big Dipper.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In Eastern Asia, these stars compose the Northern Dipper.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They are colloquially named \"The Seven Stars of the Northern Dipper\" (Chinese: 北斗七星; pinyin: běidǒu qīxīng).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Taoist believe that this star constellation is the seat of the celestial bureaucracy of the gods.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Essentially, Seven Stars is a term that has it's root in Chinese Taoist symbolism.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In martial arts context, this can mean almost anything and it usually varies from lineage to lineage.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is very well illustrated by the variety of interpretations of the term Seven stars in the answers given to this question.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In conclusion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you want to know, what Seven stars refers to in a particular martial art, you must ask the practitioner of that art.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/424/Roland Tepp", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I found in \"Tai Chi Postures & Internal Power Enhancement Taijiquan Shi\" by Xu Yu-Sheng another explanation (page 107): The seven stars [the seven joints of the upper torso] unite as one, ant the intent of KUA forms within.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Qi resides and settles below; the seven above rise without effort to embrace complete roundness.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That means that the seven are the two shoulders, the two elbows, the two wrists and the neck.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is another intriguing drawing of a carriage (4 corners) and three attendants (two carring the carriage and one holding a lantern to beckon the way, in total 7.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Nice, isn't it?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/9178/37Friends", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "'Step up to seven star' in Qigong sense refers to seven Qi-input points in the body.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The locations are: one on top of head, two on each shoulders, two near the waist lines and two back of the hips.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Please be aware to do that it must be done without any tension.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In fighting aspects there are many applications: these could be devastating strikes to the ST9 points.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "ST9 points is 'dimmak' points; slap bang in front of the neck, parallel to one's adam's apple (it's there even if you are a woman).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Literally translated it is STOMACH 9, and no it has got nothing to do with stomach.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are also elbows strikes in there", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "etc, your choice based on demand.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/3075/Pt20", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "7 stars step is a partner work method used to train distance, timing, and evasion within the Wu/Yang lineage of Cheng Tin Hung (Hong Kong Tai chi Master who taught Dan Docherty).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "7 Stars also refers to a guard posture within the style and to a number of martial methods used by the style.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On top of Wudang mountain there is a 7 stars bell.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There is more to it, but that's a little to be going on with.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/3216/Charles Gorrie", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Chris Chi asserts that seven stars refers to seven points of the body – head, shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, foot – each can be used to deflect or strike. To find out what Seven stars refers to in a particular martial art, you must ask the practitioner of that art. Another explanation is that the seven stars [the seven joints of the upper torso] unite as one, and the intent of KUA forms within. 7 stars step is a partner work method used to train distance, timing, and evasion within the Wu/Yang lineage of Cheng Tin Hung (Hong Kong Tai chi Master who taught Dan Docherty).", "Seven stars can be used to train distance and timing and has been defined by Chris Chi who refers to the seven points of the body, and Xu Yu Sheng who describes it as the seven joints of the upper torso combining as one. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Seven stars have been defined by various people including Chris Chi who says that it refers to the seven points of the body, and Xu Yu Sheng describes it as the seven joints of the upper torso combining as one. It can be used to train distance and timing. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Edit to add:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Other than maybe standing up and p***ing into a moving shot-glass, there isn't anything that women aren't capable of.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/4/Alan", "score": 8 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Women are under-represented in martial arts generally, not just in tricking.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It isn't that they aren't well-suited.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I think this is a culture problem more than a physiology one (though physiology does play a part).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The culture problem I'm speaking of is mult-faceted, but boils down to the overwhelming masculinity in martial arts culture.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Women can feel out of place in such an environment and, all too often, they quit because they don't believe their physiology is suited for the task, and more importantly, they don't feel they fit in.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, I've known a few exceptional female martial artists.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You're less likely to meet these women, however, simply because there are fewer women who stick it out in martial arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1462/The Wudang Kid", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Yes, I agree with Alan's answer that women are quite able to perform at a high level in gymnastics, so tricking is not a problem for them physically.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And I agree with others that there are generally more men in martial arts than women, so that is a part of the explanation.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then there's the fact that there really aren't many \"tricking\" classes offered, period.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are lots of gymnastics and cheerleading classes, however.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In many cases, the only place you'll find tricking instruction is on youtube.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Lastly, gymnastics and cheerleading are culturally more social than tricking is.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "According to psychology and sociology, women emphasize relationships and being socially connected more than men do.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Guys, on the other hand, care more about the action itself, how it makes them feel or look, rather than whether it also leads to forming closer bonds with their friends.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And so since tricking typically doesn't have many people in the class, or even any class at all (just youtube videos), guys more than girls get interested in it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The way ahead if tricking is to become more balanced between the two sexes is to make tricking instruction more available, more social, safer / more professional, and less seen as a martial arts activity and more like a \"performance\" activity similar to contemporary wushu kung-fu, gymnastics, or modern dance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1555/Steve Weigand", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While individual cases are, of course, individual cases, I would actually argue that there may be physical obstacles that reduce the incidence.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Women have a different center of gravity, enough that a different roll is suggested for parkour , and, not to be indelicate, but many women have an additional mass on their chest which makes rapid rotation around their vertical axis more awkward.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Neither is insurmountable, but it means that there are additional modifications needed to adapt the current techniques, which means that you have to be even more dedicated to get into it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1780/Macaco Branco", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's not because its easier for us, more just because, well, I don't know how to say it, other than that we love it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Martial arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Knowing all of these really awesome and fancy ways to beat the crap out of someone.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for tricking, Your right.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I haven't seen all that many girls in the sport.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But that in no way shape or form means its not a womens sport.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I Sparred with this two girls at my last tournament.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One of them was the stereotype.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Didn't practice.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Didn't train.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Didn't condition myself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So after winning without breaking a sweat, I was about to face the other girl.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "2 seconds into the match she did a jumping 360 roundhouse to my head.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I hate it when women think that just because they are women, mean they have to be lesser than men.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Its not at all true.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Do what you love, and don't let anybody stand in your way.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1655/coltonon", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "Women are under-represented in martial arts generally, not just in tricking. Women have a different center of gravity, enough that a different roll is suggested for parkour , and, not to be indelicate, but many women have an additional mass on their chest which makes rapid rotation around their vertical axis more awkward.", "Women are generally under-represented in martial arts and have a different centre of gravity as well as an additional chest mass, making rotation around the vertical axis more awkward. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Women are generally under-represented in martial arts and also have a different centre of gravity and an additional chest mass making rotation around the vertical axis more awkward. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Disclaimer:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am a judo ikkyu who prefers osotogari but doesn't have an osotoguruma to speak of.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I will be using the opinions of more knowledgable judoka to inform this answer.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Judo throws are named and grouped by their telltale action.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That is, the names are a pedagogical tool to delineate the various body mechanics one can use to throw an opponent.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That's why such fine distinctions are made between, say, uchimata , hanegoshi , and haraigoshi .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The end result is almost identical.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The leg positions could be the same, the fitting-in could be the same, and so on.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the way you endeavor to apply your body is entirely different.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "These distinctions are not very important when analyzing chaotic applications, but are quite helpful when drilling and developing motor patterns.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Keeping that in mind, it is important to distinguish osotoguruma from a mere osotogari that happens to attack both legs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The latter would be called a nidan osotogari .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That throw retains the off-balancing and telltale reaping action of regular osoto .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In contrast, a guruma throw establishes a block for the opponent's movement and then pivots the opponent around that blocked point.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This distinction is apparent when one compares ashiguruma with o guruma and haraigoshi .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In all three, the opponent is thrown by placing the leg across their body.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But the first blocks their legs and wheels them over, whereas the second blocks their hip and wheels them over and the third lifts them up and dumps them in place using a sweeping hip lift.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Ben Reinhardt, esteemed judoka, describes the osotogari / osotoguruma distinction on Bullshido: No, it is not Osoto Guruma simply by REAPING both legs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Osoto Guruma is a different throw that uses the GURUMA principle/action, which does not involve reaping or sweeping, themselves two separate throwing principles/actions (kari and barai respectively).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If you REAP both legs, it is a henka of Osoto Gari, sometimes called Nidan Osoto Gari.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it's still Osoto Gari.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you block both legs and rotate uke over your outstretched leg (guruma action), it's Osoto Guruma.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(A henka is a variation.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The interplay between nidan osotogari and osotoguruma is also discussed in this judo forum thread .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 12 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "If the image below describes the technique accurately, I would say it is because uke's legs form a wheel (or a circle) in the air.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, I have no official source for this.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/82/Sardathrion - against SE abuse", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Well, technically 'Guruma' implies a 'rotation', so like in Ashi Guruma in Osoto Guruma you're not just reaping two legs, you're leading your opponent towards a rotating movement around your leg, just like Ashi Guruma.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Wheel just indicates the rotation this technique implies.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The difference between Osoto Guruma and Osoto Gari, if you will is similar to the the one between Hiza Guruma and Sassa Tsurikomi Ashi: in one your opponent is rotating around a fix point, be it your leg or his knee, in the other he's falling because you eliminated or neutralized the leg on which all of his weight rested.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/7293/Corrado", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "From my point of view, o-soto-gari is throwing uke toward his back.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "You bend Uke's so his weight is on a leg, and you reap that leg. in osotoguruma, your leg act as a pivot, and you rotate him over it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You'll see it done in competition very differently than in practice : you take Uke, and pulls him toward you, and you rotate at the same time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While he follow your rotation, you turn and set your leg high on his side, almost to his hip, and you flip him over it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The leg isnt reaping, its only a pivot.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Kinda hard to describe, but pretty obvious when you see it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1526/Thierry Savard Saucier", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Guruma refers to the rotation of uke's body around tori's leg: Difference between osoto-guruma and osoto-otoshi", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "These techniques are very similar.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Their fundamental differences are therefore described in the following:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Osoto-guruma Tori puts his right leg diagonally across the back of both of uke’s legs (or the left leg), and, using it as the fulcrum, throws uke backward in a rotating motion.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Osoto-otoshi Tori slides his right leg down the back of uke’s right leg, and, stepping it onto the mat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "throws uke backward.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Kodokan Judo: Throwing Techniques (p.174) This rotation of uke's body is the commonality among techniques with guruma in the name: hiza-guruma (uke rotated over their knee) ashi-guruma (uke rotated over fulcrum of tori's lower leg (contact with uke's knee)) o-guruma (uke rotated over fulcrum of tori's leg (contact with uke's lower abdomen)) koshi-guruma (uke thrown in a circle around the fulcrum of tori's torso) kata-guruma (uke rotated over tori's shoulders) yoko-guruma (uke thrown forward in a rotating movement)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8910/brazofuerte", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "Osoto Guruma is a different throw that uses the GURUMA principle/action, which does not involve reaping or sweeping, themselves two separate throwing principles/actions (kari and barai respectively). 'Guruma' implies 'rotation', so like in Ashi Guruma in Osoto Guruma you're not just reaping two legs, you're leading your opponent towards a rotating movement around your leg, just like Ashi Guruma.", "Osoto guruma is a different throw using the Guruma principle, which involves not just reaping with two legs but leading the opponent towards a rotation with the legs." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Osoto guruma is a different throw using the Guruma principle, which involves not just reaping with two legs but leading the opponent towards a rotation with the legs." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "I just wanted to chime in with one answer which the others here have already stated but without specifically mentioning this particular aspect... Nipples.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Don't giggle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I know you're giggling.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Actually, nipple burn is a serious annoyance for anyone doing gi work.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And I'm talking about guys.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I assume women have some kind of athletic bra and t-shirt underneath, so they're protected, more or less.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you've ever worn a grappling gi (Judo / BJJ), then you know those things are like cardboard.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "They're thick and heavy.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And when you have an opponent who constantly grabs your gi, that thing will slide up and down, side to side.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The effect is that your nipples will feel like someone took a cheese grater to them.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I used to train in judo in high school, and we didn't use rash guards under our gi tops.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I wouldn't even realize that my nipples were getting scraped by my gi until I went home and hit the shower.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once the water hits, it's like some kind of bizarre form of torture.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Either that or you can think of it as a kind of masochistic badge of honor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If they don't permit rash guards, I wonder if they allow you to tape your nipples in IBJFF competition?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or maybe you could claim to be transgendered, and they'll allow you to wear an athletic bra underneath.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hehe.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just kidding.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1555/Steve Weigand", "score": 7 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Pros Prevents chest hair falling off into partner's mouths.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Lessens the chance of skin infections.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Reduces incidence of gi burn and mat burn.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "(These are wimpy reasons.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Increases modesty, for instance, hiding fat and reducing skin-to-skin contact that makes some people feel weird.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Warmer for winter months.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Increases friction when the gi is not between you and your partner, for instance, increasing control when chest-to-chest in side control.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Cons", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "More laundry.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Prevents display of muscular physique.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Notifies people that you're a big wimp about pinches and scrapes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hotter in summer months.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Increases friction, making some escapes more difficult.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This can also give your opponent control over you, for instance, giving them a tackier surface to play guard against.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I and some of my friends wear rashguards or even just T-shirts under our Gi's during class simply to lessen the amount of exposed skin and the amount of skin-to-skin contact.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So far as I know, there are no other advantages.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As for the drawback, I am not aware of any other than having a rashguard that will need to be washed along with the GI after class.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If it is a looser T-shirt, I have seen hands caught in its collar when going for a gi collar grab, but I have yet to see that provide either a meaningful advantage or a disadvantage in the actual round and a tight-fitting rashguard should not have that issue.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I believe that the reason they are banned in gi-competitions is simply tradition and it has not been strictly enforced in the competitions I have attended.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1253/TimothyAWiseman", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I wear a rash guard basically to avoid Skin to Skin contact.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Skin to mat contact.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Sweat contact.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Unintentional body hair ripping.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Since my dojo also have different MA sessions sharing the mat at different times, I am abit cautious about the mat.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have heard tons of stories from the web about viruses contracted from dirty mats.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1650/nigelhanzo", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Although not your question directly, you did mention in your post", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Rashguard are forbidden in IBJJF Gi competition.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "IBJJF bans rashguards because they get in the way while doing collar chokes.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Oftentimes the choker will get a hand full of rashguard when trying to attack the opponent's neck, which makes the choke harder to finish.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8917/C Henry", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I wore a heavy gi doing Hapkido 3 years and judo another 2, I never noticed any nipple problem.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That is until I started distance running last year, my sweaty shirt rubbed them raw, so I taped them - doing that for judo practice could be dangerous to chest hair during randori.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "one difference between then and now (20 year gap) is, where I was about 160 lbs, now I am 180 and have developed some man boobs :(", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "maybe that's a factor with regards to the gi.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5498/Haggisbreath", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Other people have told you the pros and cons.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All I can add is that they are banned for the same reason other martial arts (or even schools) ban items of clothing: they're not part of the prescribed uniform.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "e.g. I almost got disqualified from the 1997 South African Taekwondo championships because I wore sneakers during the breaking event.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Luckily I was in the grandmaster's good books back then, so he just gave me a warning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1200/Captain Kenpachi", "score": 0 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I would add that a well-fitted, cotton t-shirt might be preferable to a rashguard, given that the t-shirt traps less heat, while still offering rash and burn protection.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/7401/jacefarm", "score": 0 } } ]

[ [ "A rashguard lessens the chance of skin infections, and reduces the incidence of gi burn and mat burn. A rash guard generally reduces skin to skin, skin to mat and sweat contact.", "Drawbacka and advantages of wearing a rashguard under the GI include preventing the ripping of body hair,with less chance of skin infections, as well as avoiding skin to skin and sweat contact." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Drawbacka and advantages of wearing a rashguard under the GI include preventing ripping of body hair, less chance of skin infections, and avoids skin to skin and sweat contact." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "They can be called 'kali sticks', 'arnis sticks', 'baston', etc.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Just insert arnis style sticks is ok.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Or even just 'arnis'.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's diff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "styles of arnis and the term depends on which style you're referring too.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are also diff.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "material for the sticks themselves.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "People usually just get whatever you refer to :)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5723/Val Croft", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have heard the terms \"yantok,\" \"rattan,\" and \"baston\" used in Eskrima. \"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Yantok\" is just the Tagalog word for rattan (the most common material for Filipino fighting sticks), while \"baston\" means \"cane.\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "So the words are simple descriptions; \"stick\" seems an analogous term in idiomatic English.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are at least two dozen languages spoken in the Philippines , many with a million or more speakers.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would be entirely unsurprised to see some of those languages' words for \"stick,\" \"baton,\" \"cane,\" or \"rattan\" occasionally used as well.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/562/Jonathan Eunice", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is just a stick.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A piece of rattan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I heard someone refer to the sticks as arnis", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I don't think they have any specific name.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And it makes sense from a historical point of view as it was just a stick to train with in times when carrying the sword (or any other sword-like weapon) was prohibited.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/None/", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "In my province in Cebu, located in central Philippines, we refer the arnis/kali/eskrima stick as \"OLISI\" or \"GAROTE.\"", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "All cebuano eskrimadors young and old alike", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(the old school) use the terms above.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I hope this will satisfy your queries.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8644/He ry", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "FMA terminology Baston is one name for stick.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are others.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This Wikipedia Article states that Garrote (spanish meaning \"club\") is sometimes used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1462/The Wudang Kid", "score": 1 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Filipinos without FMA knowledge usually call it \"yantok\" or \"arnis\" (with a stress on the \"-tok\"), but FMA practitioners would just call it arnis, yantok, stick, kali stick, baston, or (insert FMA style here) stick.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5630/Ray Lionfang", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "They can be called 'kali sticks', 'arnis sticks', 'baston', etc, although I have heard the terms \"yantok,\" \"rattan,\" and \"baston\" used in Eskrima. In Cebu, in central Philippines, we refer the arnis/kali/eskrima stick as \"OLISI\" or \"GAROTE.\" Filipinos without FMA knowledge usually call it \"yantok\" or \"arnis\" (with a stress on the \"-tok\"), but FMA practitioners would just call it arnis, yantok, stick, kali stick, baston, or (insert FMA style here) stick.", "Eskrima sticks can be called Kali, arnis, baston, yantok, and rattan, and in the Phillipines they can be called Olisi or Garote. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Eskrima sticks can be called Kali, arnis, baston, yantok, and rattan. In the Phillipines they can be called Olisi or Garote. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "While certainly some injuries are contraindicated to different movements, it really depends on the specific injury and the extent.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Having a muscle tear is different than multiple fractures with pins in your joints is different than tendon tears is different than cartilage loss - and all of it depends on the joint and your specific movement ability after that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your best bet is a really good physical therapist to tell you what movements are \"probably never going to work for you\", what kinds of movements are reasonable within years or months of recovery and what movements are safe right away.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "While there are a few instructors in martial arts who are versed enough in the specifics of injury, recovery, body mechanics to do this kind of assessment, they are, unfortunately, more rare than you think.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many instructors have gone along with \"Do this, it's good for your knees\", \"Just push through,", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "eventually it'll stop hurting\" and similar admonitions that have left healthy people with cartilage loss or other problems.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The person I would trust would be doing a long testing period of what your range of motion is, what your areas of unimpeded movement are vs. bound movement, and would be seriously considering what kinds of techniques to teach you from that, and then what strategies can best work with the mobility you have.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1598/Bankuei", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "While certainly some injuries are contraindicated to different movements, it really depends on the specific injury and the extent.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I broke my back (L4)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "when I was 16 and started Tae Kwon Do when I was 18.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My recommendation is that you go to the different martial arts clubs in your area and try them out.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most clubs allow for a cheap/free trial period - if the movements in the martial art are going to aggravate the injuries you have then try a different one and you wont have lost much money/time.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Discuss your injuries with the instructor before the class - in our classes we tell people with injuries that if they can't", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "/shouldn't do a particular exercise to swap it with a different one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When you do pick a martial art - be prepared to advance a little slower than everyone else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It may take time to be able to do certain movements and there may be some you may never get down (true of people without injuries too).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would also recommend you discuss aspects like sparring with your doctor before you do them - I have a back protector for sparring but other than that I am still able to train and compete like everyone else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Martial arts schools vary massively - so if you don't like the first one - go to a different one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5926/Collett89", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "After a severe injury one should return to strength, conditioning, and mobility training well before martial arts.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If martial arts are new then this is doubly important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is critical to be confident in what your body can and can't do before starting a practice centered around the uncooperative infliction of force onto a partner in chaotic circumstances.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Your priority for both self-defense and staying active is to stay healthy .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The best way to do that is to get strong, flexible, mobile, and in shape.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Only then should you look at martial arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "At that point, you should know your injuries and capabilities inside and out, and be able to safely try class at the gyms nearby in order to get a sense for which suits your needs best.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/347/Dave Liepmann", "score": 3 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Ironically, I would suggest an art that deals in submissions and joint locks, being BJJ - Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, or if there's one close by a 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The grappling arts are generally easier impact wise on the joints.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That being said, Collett also has the right idea with discussing the issues with the instructor and giving a couple different arts a try.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And as always, double check with a healthcare provider before going full on into something.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "We may all be martial artists and can offer advice in that regard, but only you and your doctor know what you're capable of.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hope this helps, and good luck.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5814/Matt Lerner", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I feel that it's going to depend on how severe your injury was.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Admittedly, some styles are more focused on joint locks and throwing which could potentially cause a problem but you may find that while one specific technique doesn't work for you, another variation may.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I've suffered with knee issues since I was about 16 or 17", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I currently train in Hap Ki Do and Judo, both of which put a strain on my knees.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Most days, I can pop some Aleve after training and go to sleep and relatively speaking, I'm feeling better in the morning.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However, both of my instructors know that I have problems with my knees so they accommodate where possible.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I would suggest finding a place that you're interested in checking out and stop by and talk to the instructor.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Let them know in advance about your injuries, I would hope that they would tell you if they feel that you could cause more damage than good.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many schools also offer a trial period where you can attend a set number of classes to see what you think.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Take advantage of that and see how you feel.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The tricky part to that though is that you're likely to be doing things that are new to you so you might feel sore the next day.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If that's the extent of the discomfort that you feel, I'm sure you'd be fine with continuing your training.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Whatever you decide to do, remember to listen to your body and sit out if/when you need to.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Training is fun, but it's not worth causing significant and permanent damage to your body.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6253/aeribus", "score": 1 } } ]

[ [ "While certainly some injuries are contraindicated to different movements, it really depends on the specific injury and the extent. After a severe injury one should return to strength, conditioning, and mobility training well before martial arts.", "Before doing any martial arts , one should return to strength, conditioning, and mobility training, and it depends on the the extent and type of injury ." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Before doing any martial arts , one should return to strength, conditioning, and mobility training. It also depends on the the extent and type of injury ." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "Freezing a movement and taking a still image of it is only useful if you can see the movement that came before it and the movement that comes after it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This image you've given us can be anything, because we can't see what came before and what's coming after it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If you're assuming that it represents a \"fighting stance\" or a position that you hold while waiting for something to happen, it may or may not be.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have seen similar fighting stances from Bujinkan budo taijutsu and other forms of classical jujitsu.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can look it up on youtube to see some examples.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Just type in \"Bujinkan\" and scan the video until you see a similar fighting stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But given that this picture is of a karate practitioner, that means it's not a fighting stance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's a freeze-frame image of the performance of a karate kata.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Find out which kata it's in, which move it occurs on, and then re-post your question asking us to tell you what's going on.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There are many of us that understand karate kata and can give you our analysis.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But it will depend on the context within the kata itself.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The move(s) that came right before it and the move(s) that comes right after it are hugely important.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Hope that helps.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1555/Steve Weigand", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It's not a starting position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It is a defence against a kick.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The rear arm has caught the opponent's leg and it is hooked over it, the front hand is pushing him over backwards.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You would need to see the full sequence of movements in the form to understand how the position is used.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In karate the stance is called \"manji-uke\" and it has a direct equivalent in Kung-fu.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "The application is the same in both cases.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You see this in for example the katas Passai/Bassai Dai, Pinan/Heian Godan and in several kung-fu forms such as Tong Bi Quan.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The sequence in Passai and Tong Bi Quan are the same application.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's likely that the Passai sequence originated from that or another earlier kung-fu form.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The application in both is: Catch kicking leg and raise it up.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Push opponent over backwards with the other hand.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Step round and kick out his remaining leg, retaining hold of the caught one.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once opponent is on the ground, use both arms to dislocate/hyperextend the knee joint of the caught leg.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Manji Uke example video created by Iain Abernethy", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6808/ColinSeligSmith", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Is this a realistic start position in a fight?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "No, not at all.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Instead you think of this as a finishing position.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That particular position could be anything, including but not limited to: an arm bar knife hand strike to a nice vulnerable spot (like the neck or the mastoid process) a grapple that is leading to a hammer fist", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Personally I never start a fight in a stance or position other than Hachiji dachi (\"the ready\" stance) - unless the fight starts without me being \"ready\"!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/70/slugster", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "The picture is used on the cover of Winning Karate by Joseph Jennings.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "My guess is that that stance is from some kata, and as such it could be completely reasonable.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But, your critique is of the utility as a general ready stance for fighting, and you're inviting us to join in... As far as that goes", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", you're right - it would be terrible if used as a general fighting stance, and it's a good skill to read weaknesses in a position if used during sparring, so here's some analysis: as you say, the back hand is effectively out of play stance is too side on further removing the back hand from play", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the back leg is pretty useless too, as it can't take the proper line into a front , side or turning/roundhouse kick", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the hips/shoulders have no room left to rotate in behind a front jab the front hand could not comfortably or strongly be brought from his right to left in an inward knife hand or reverse knifehand/ridgehand strike because it'd have to be awkwardly extend outside the line of the shoulders first similarly, the front hand can't strongly block any attack coming in from his blind side, such as an opponent's inward ridgehand, turning/roundhouse kick, spinning heel/hook kick, slapping/crescent kick (soto/uchi mawashi geri)...", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "the front arm's too straight and out of position", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "- it would have to be pulled back a long way first before a decent jab or block could be executed", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "we can't see the leg position, but if the front knee is turned too far inwards, it's especially vulnerable to a stomp at the knee; if it's inline with the shoulders, a low turning/rounding/mawashi-geri forcing it further outward", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "could be very unpleasant", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, I have seen some extremely good fighters (e.g. Tsukamoto Norichika of Shin Kyokushin) extend their front arm vaguely similarly when fighting at long distance... perhaps as a way to help gauge distance and perhaps for complex reasons of balance and mobility.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1618/Tony D", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "I have been known to shift into a fencers stance, similar to this, when I'm playing around in sparring or want to force a student to think differently.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The lead hand is well positioned to parry most attacks to the body and head, including multiple attacks, with little or no movement.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The rear hand helps to maintain balance.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In sparring, it's good for taking a short breather while the clock is running, against a less skilled partner.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Depending on the stance and leg position, it it possible to throw a decent jab, provided it is powered almost entirely by the legs.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This would be more like a fencers lunge than a classical karate or boxing jab.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Some aikido schools use a similar stance to invite certain types of attacks as a setup for a throw.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6599/pojo-guy", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "It is a defence against a kick. In karate the stance is called \"manji-uke\" and it has a direct equivalent in Kung-fu.", "This position is a defence position used against a kick, and the stance is known as 'manji-uke' in karate." ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "This position is a defence position used against a kick and the stance is known as 'manji-uke' in karate." ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "In the case of sankyo (or tenkai kote hineri), the most common way to escape the technique is to drop one's elbow.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course, a well executed tenkai kote hineri prevents that from happening.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Any kote hineri (rotational wrist lock) or kote gaeshi (supinating wrist lock) can be escaped with a judicious punch aimed at Tori's nose or to be fair, any body parts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In addition, if one's wrist is heavily muscled then it is possible to just force the write to untwist.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "All wrist locks are aids to a technique (either throw or pin) and not the technique.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Better results are achieved with balance breaking and wrist locks than with just wrist locks.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Unless the intent is to cause grievous bodily harm by snapping the wrist 1 .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "In this case, the lock can cause dislocation, tendon tears, and bone breaking.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Depending on the level of balance breaking, indirect harm can as well be inflected.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "1 :", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am not a lawyer nor do I play one on TV .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "That said, causing grievous bodily harm will get you into trouble with the law whatever the situation and reasons for doing it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/82/Sardathrion - against SE abuse", "score": 6 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Holds like sankyo rely on crossed extensor reflex action - the sensation of pain causes reflexive activity in other parts of the body.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is most effective when the opposing side of the body has nothing to leverage against, i.e. no wall or floor to push against.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This means you can continuously adjust or tweak the hold to prevent the opponent punching or grabbing you.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One very simply way to nullify the pain from sankyo so that you can then counter it is to put your forehead to the back of the wrist that is being manipulated.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'm sorry to say I don't know why it works - from my experimentation", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't believe it's due purely to bio-mechanical reasons because the attacker can still be cranking on the wrist", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(it may have something to do with interrupting the pathway of the nerve impulse).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Of course placing your head in that position can lead to further danger - so don't leave it there for too long!", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/70/slugster", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "A non-Aikido solution, is to simply hammerfist or punch the back of the grabber's hand or their fingers, smashing it to get free.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "We see twice in the video the guy gets a countergrip before the grabber shifts position and increases pressure, so the reach is there, and few people consider their hands as striking targets.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "There's also the possibility of stomping the grabber's feet, however", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": ", it's harder to get off given that the grabber has a good read on any weight shifts through the pressure of the lock itself, and it's not as immediately easy to target like the hand on your arm which you can target by feel, instantly.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/1598/Bankuei", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "We have a similar throw in the the style I practice", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but It's only taught to higher grade students for the reason that it's very hard to get that grip in the first place.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Once you have the grip on the fingers the throw isn't too difficult but to get it requires: The receiver of the technique must have their hand open (ie not in a fist)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The receiver must not move the hand when you try to grab it.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can learn a lot about balance when you do this technique", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "but I don't think this is going to come up much outside a dojo.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Open hand strikes are one thing but if your opponent is good enough to catch one of your strikes you are probably in trouble anyway either in self defence or anywhere else.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "However the first thing you should do if caught this way is relax the arm muscles.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This makes it harder to manipulate the body using the arm and also reduces the pain caused by the stretch.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Then anchor the elbow to the body.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If your elbow ends up high you are in big trouble as you can see in the video.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6503/Huw Evans", "score": 2 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There is always a counter technik; also inside the Aikido (other than punching and kicking)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "For every technique there is a twin technique which could be used as counter, like ying yang principle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The concept is called Kaeshi waza .Of", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "course I would not suggest to resist the sankyo grip if your opponent/partner tori has solid control over you, it might harm your joints.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "But there are 2 maybe 3 points of time which you can use for your kaeshi , if tori makes a small failure: Shortly before the sankyo grip seated, tori needs to slow down alittle.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As already suggested, you can try to drop your elbow,control opponent's wrist and with the other elbow of yours you cango for a quick kote gaeshi .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "After sankyo grip seated, tori screws the controlled hand with a direction to the top and immediately sinks it for the throw/leading to the ground.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "He can lose the control for a second exactly at this moment.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can once again drop your elbow and go for a kote gaeshi .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Does not happen often, but tori can slightly lose the control during the leading to the ground.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can try to make a forwards roll ( mae-ukemi ) and loosen the grip.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6654/Endery", "score": 2 } } ]

[ [ "In the case of sankyo (or tenkai kote hineri), the most common way to escape the technique is to drop one's elbow. Better results are achieved with balance breaking and wrist locks than with just wrist locks. However, a non-Aikido solution, is to simply hammerfist or punch the back of the grabber's hand or their fingers, smashing it to get free. ", "The most common way to escape from a Sankyo grip is to drop the elbow, and a non-Aikido solution is to punch the back of the grabber's hand or their fingers, smashing it to get free. " ] ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "Themost common way to escape from a Sankyo grip is to drop the elbow. A non-Aikido solution is to hammerfist or punch the back of the grabber's hand or their fingers, smashing it to get free. " ] ]

[ { "sents": [ { "text": "It depends on context, skill and time spent training.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "If they just start training they're a student 学生(xué'shēng), when they become an official disciple they'll be called 徒弟(tú'dì).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "Then when they become an instructor/teacher they'll be called 老师(lǎo'shī).", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "When they take on disciples of their own they'll be 师父(shī'fu) and when their skill is widely recognized as a master they can be called 师傅(shī'fù) or 高手(gāo'shǒu).", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/6869/Friso", "score": 11 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "It is complicated in Chinese, and often depends on who is referring to whom, and what dialect is being used.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In Japan, the term \"-ka\" is added (and in Korean \"-in\") to denote a \"practitioner of\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "One equivalent in Chinese would be \"jia\", as in \"Kung Fu-jia\" or \"Wushu-jia\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "The same character in Chinese for \"jia\" (家) is used in Japanese \"ka\", so I suspect this is the term you're looking for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It could also be \"xuesheng\" which is used by itself and means \"student\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "What Does the Chinese Character", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "家 Mean?", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "On the Character \"家\"", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8201/Andrew Jay", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "There are several good answers here.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I'll only add that there are specific names practitoners call other practitioners depending on relationship .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Very commonly utilized are the terms: Si Hing ( 師兄)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elder kung fu brother Si Jie (師姐)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Elder kung fu sister because all schools have longer-term, more advanced students who help teach the newer students.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "If one is lucky, one also gains exposure to: Si Baak (師伯)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Master’s elder kung fu brother/sister", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Si", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Suk (師叔)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Master’s", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "younger kung fu brother/sister", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Many kung fu films involve the disciple seeking out their kung fu uncle or aunt for additional teaching.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This can be extraordinarily valuable in getting a fuller picture of the art, particularly in regard to a certain style through existing relationships.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(As an example, the founder of Bagua taught each of his disciples different things, based on their aptitudes, inclinations and body types.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This is not at all uncommon.)", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "You can find a full list of martial relationship terms here:", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "http://www.moyyee.com/about/kung-fu-terminology/ Regarding \"Sifu\", when addressing one's own teacher, one uses that term independently, or \"Sifu [Name]\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "When addressing a master from another school, one reverses it: \"[Name] Sifu\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "It's also fairly common for non-students to call any master \"sifu\" to show respect for their skill and/or reputation.", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "In the same way, one can call a student from a different school \"Si Hing\" or \"Si Jeh\" to acknowledge the greater experience of that student.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although there are uncountable schools (and famous rivalries) in the Chinese system, all practitoners are considered to be part of the jiānghú (江湖) or \"gallant fraternity\".", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "It's important to understand these terms in the context of wuxia and of the Water Magin , one of the four great classical novels, in particular.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "(In the Water Margin, aka \"Outlaws of the Marsh\", the heroes are forced into outlawry, but are nevertheless virtuous.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "This idea was strongly reinforced by Li Jinglin (\"Miracle Sword Lee\") in the preface to The Major Methods of Wudang Sword , and is heavily emphasized in contemporary mythologization of martial heroes, most notably Wong Fei-Hung .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Essentially, all practitoners are part of one big family, and the familial nature of the terms referenced here is a reflection of that.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/7644/DukeZhou", "score": 5 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "Adding on to Wigwam's answer, other options are 武者", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "（wǔ zhě） 武人（wǔ rén） 功夫者", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "（", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "gōng fū", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "zhě） 功夫达人（gōng", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "fū dá rén）", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Although the last one translates to something like \"Kung fu expert\", I've heard it used as a respectful term for just practicioners of kung fu in general", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "and it's probably the one I am most familiar with.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "And for Tai Ji Quan specifically, I'd use 太极拳手 （tài jì quán shǒu） Since \"拳击手\" is the common name for \"boxer\".", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] }, { "text": "I don't think there's a single proper term \"kung fu/tai chi practitioner\" but rather many for \" -master\" e.g. -大师 （dà shī），-高手 （gāo shōu）", "label": [ 1 ], "label_summ": [ 1 ], "cluster_id": [ [ 0 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/8392/as4s4hetic", "score": 4 } }, { "sents": [ { "text": "By practitioner, I assume you mean someone who practices tài jì (taichi) regardless of skill level considerations.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "As explained to me orally, and corroborated at least by the Wikipedia judoka description (which itself does not have a proper reference for this fact), the term judoka (柔道家) formerly referred to a practitioner with rank (3rd degree according to oral source, 4th degree according to Wikipedia), not a practitioner of any skill level.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Thus, I think attempting to extrapolate jiā to a general practitioner is not a good idea.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "Based on this interpretation of jiā , I would guess that 太极拳家 tài jì quán jiā has the same meaning as 太极门 tài jì mén , which is an inner door practitioner (disciple), not a practitioner of any skill level.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "家 jiā is also used in 內家 nèi jiā , a term which comprises the internal martial arts.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "A 学生 xuésheng student is usually used to describe someone who is insufficiently trained to be considered representative of the art, so also probably not what you are looking for.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I am not a native speaker of either Japanese or Chinese.", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] }, { "text": "I have found, however, that friends who are native speakers often do not know specialized martial arts vocabulary like nèi jiā .", "label": [ 0 ], "label_summ": [ 0 ], "cluster_id": [ [ -1 ] ] } ], "answer_details": { "author": "martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5961/mattm", "score": 3 } } ]

[ [ "It depends on context, skill and time spent training. If they just start training they're a student 学生(xué'shēng), when they become an official disciple they'll be called 徒弟(tú'dì). When they take on disciples of their own they'll be 师父(shī'fu) and when their skill is widely recognized as a master they can be called 师傅(shī'fù) or 高手(gāo'shǒu) Regarding \"Sifu\", when addressing one's own teacher, one uses that term independently, or \"Sifu [Name. When addressing a master from another school, one reverses it: \"[Name] Sifu\". It's also fairly common for non-students to call any master \"sifu\" to show respect for their skill and/or reputation I don't think there's a single proper term \"kung fu/tai chi practitioner\" but rather many for \" -master\" e.g. -大师 （dà shī），-高手 （gāo shōu） ", "It's hard to know what to call a practicioner of Tai Chi Chuan or Kung Fu, as it's complicated in Chinese, depends on who is being referred to and the dialect being used but students do call their master, 'Shifu'. " ] ]

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[ [ "It's hard to know what to call a practicioner of Tai Chi Chuan or Kung Fu, as it's complicated in Chinese and depends on who is being referred to and the dialect being used. It's common for students to call their master, 'Shifu'. " ] ]