Update README.md

README.md

@@ -9,147 +9,184 @@ tags:
 - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
 base_model: google/embeddinggemma-300m
 widget:
-- source_sentence: How does precipitation influence the water use efficiency and carbon
-    isotopes of Picea meyeri, and what are the implications for climate change studies?
+- source_sentence: >-
+    How does precipitation influence the water use efficiency and carbon
+    isotopes of Picea meyeri, and what are the implications for climate change
+    studies?
   sentences:
-  - In the study of starry flounders (Platichthys stellatus), cortisol levels increased
-    with increasing water temperature and then gradually decreased. This suggests
-    that cortisol, a stress hormone, is elevated as a response to higher water temperatures,
-    indicating that the fish experience stress under these conditions. The increase
-    in cortisol levels is part of the fish's physiological response to environmental
-    stressors, such as temperature changes, which can affect their survival and overall
-    health.
-  - The FY-4A/AGRI LST products effectively capture surface temperatures in Hunan
-    Province, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.893. However, they exhibit a
-    relatively high error level, with a bias of ?6.295 °C and a root mean square error
-    (RMSE) of 8.58 °C, particularly in capturing high LST values. The performance
-    of this product is superior in the eastern flat terrain area of Hunan Province
-    compared to the western mountainous region. Environmental conditions in the mountainous
-    areas cause systematic errors that contribute to instability in detection deviation.
-    Surface heat resources are more abundant in eastern Hunan Province than in the
-    mountainous areas located to the west and south, and their detailed distribution
-    at finer scales is mainly influenced by terrain and climate conditions. There
-    is no obvious seasonal difference in the distribution of heat resources except
-    in winter, and rapid urbanization within the Chang–Zhu–Tan urban agglomeration
-    over two years has significantly altered the spatial distribution pattern of surface
-    heat resources across Hunan Province.
-  - The water use efficiency (WUE) of Picea meyeri is significantly influenced by
-    precipitation, along with temperature. The study found that there is a significant
-    positive correlation between the WUE sequence and temperature. However, due to
-    the combined effects of precipitation and temperature, Picea meyeri is subject
-    to drought stress to some extent. This indicates that while temperature is the
-    main climatic factor affecting the δ13C and WUE of Picea meyeri, precipitation
-    also plays a crucial role in the plant's response to climate change. These findings
-    are important for understanding the impacts of climate change on tree species
-    and their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
-- source_sentence: How does the warming of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) compare
-    to its impact on cyclone destruction potential in the recent period versus the
+  - >-
+    In the study of starry flounders (Platichthys stellatus), cortisol levels
+    increased with increasing water temperature and then gradually decreased.
+    This suggests that cortisol, a stress hormone, is elevated as a response to
+    higher water temperatures, indicating that the fish experience stress under
+    these conditions. The increase in cortisol levels is part of the fish's
+    physiological response to environmental stressors, such as temperature
+    changes, which can affect their survival and overall health.
+  - >-
+    The FY-4A/AGRI LST products effectively capture surface temperatures in
+    Hunan Province, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.893. However, they
+    exhibit a relatively high error level, with a bias of ?6.295 °C and a root
+    mean square error (RMSE) of 8.58 °C, particularly in capturing high LST
+    values. The performance of this product is superior in the eastern flat
+    terrain area of Hunan Province compared to the western mountainous region.
+    Environmental conditions in the mountainous areas cause systematic errors
+    that contribute to instability in detection deviation. Surface heat
+    resources are more abundant in eastern Hunan Province than in the
+    mountainous areas located to the west and south, and their detailed
+    distribution at finer scales is mainly influenced by terrain and climate
+    conditions. There is no obvious seasonal difference in the distribution of
+    heat resources except in winter, and rapid urbanization within the
+    Chang–Zhu–Tan urban agglomeration over two years has significantly altered
+    the spatial distribution pattern of surface heat resources across Hunan
+    Province.
+  - >-
+    The water use efficiency (WUE) of Picea meyeri is significantly influenced
+    by precipitation, along with temperature. The study found that there is a
+    significant positive correlation between the WUE sequence and temperature.
+    However, due to the combined effects of precipitation and temperature, Picea
+    meyeri is subject to drought stress to some extent. This indicates that
+    while temperature is the main climatic factor affecting the δ13C and WUE of
+    Picea meyeri, precipitation also plays a crucial role in the plant's
+    response to climate change. These findings are important for understanding
+    the impacts of climate change on tree species and their ability to adapt to
+    changing environmental conditions.
+- source_sentence: >-
+    How does the warming of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) compare to its
+    impact on cyclone destruction potential in the recent period versus the
     earlier period?
   sentences:
-  - Green roofing systems are adopted as part of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to control
-    urban stormwater runoff and mitigate urban flood risks. Unlike traditional roofing
-    methods, green roofs help manage stormwater by absorbing and retaining rainfall,
-    reducing the volume and rate of runoff. However, there is currently no specific
-    widely recognized standard or code dedicated to determining the hydrological performance
-    of green roofs as a whole system, and no test protocols to regulate their design.
-    This highlights the need for a standardized test method to evaluate the hydrological
-    performance of green roofing systems, making them a more reliable solution for
-    flood resilience in cities affected by climate change.
-  - 'In the monitoring project conducted in Chengdu, Shuangliu (SL) was one of the
-    three urban sites studied. The key findings regarding the sources and contributions
-    of VOCs to ozone formation in Shuangliu included the identification of five dominant
-    VOC sources: vehicular exhaust and fuel evaporation, solvent utilization, biogenic
-    background, secondary formation, and industrial emissions. Before the control
-    measures were implemented, vehicular exhaust and fuel evaporation were the highest
-    contributors. During the control period, the contribution from vehicular exhaust
-    was reduced the most at Shuangliu. VOC species such as xylenes, toluene, and propene,
-    which are primarily from vehicular and industrial emissions and solvent utilization,
-    were found to be the dominant precursors for ozone formation potential (OFP).
-    These results suggest that effective control of photochemical pollutants, particularly
-    from vehicular and industrial sources, is crucial for reducing ozone formation
-    in Chengdu.'
-  - The warming of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) has led to a doubling of the Power
-    Dissipation Index (PDI) during 1999–2016 compared to 1980–1998. This increase
-    is primarily due to an increase in the intensity and duration of cyclones, associated
-    with higher sea surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content.
-- source_sentence: How do the findings of the study on Azotobacter paspali bacteria
-    in Iraq relate to the impact of nitrogen on air pollution, and what implications
-    does this have for future research and applications in both environmental and
-    agricultural contexts?
+  - >-
+    Green roofing systems are adopted as part of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to
+    control urban stormwater runoff and mitigate urban flood risks. Unlike
+    traditional roofing methods, green roofs help manage stormwater by absorbing
+    and retaining rainfall, reducing the volume and rate of runoff. However,
+    there is currently no specific widely recognized standard or code dedicated
+    to determining the hydrological performance of green roofs as a whole
+    system, and no test protocols to regulate their design. This highlights the
+    need for a standardized test method to evaluate the hydrological performance
+    of green roofing systems, making them a more reliable solution for flood
+    resilience in cities affected by climate change.
+  - >-
+    In the monitoring project conducted in Chengdu, Shuangliu (SL) was one of
+    the three urban sites studied. The key findings regarding the sources and
+    contributions of VOCs to ozone formation in Shuangliu included the
+    identification of five dominant VOC sources: vehicular exhaust and fuel
+    evaporation, solvent utilization, biogenic background, secondary formation,
+    and industrial emissions. Before the control measures were implemented,
+    vehicular exhaust and fuel evaporation were the highest contributors. During
+    the control period, the contribution from vehicular exhaust was reduced the
+    most at Shuangliu. VOC species such as xylenes, toluene, and propene, which
+    are primarily from vehicular and industrial emissions and solvent
+    utilization, were found to be the dominant precursors for ozone formation
+    potential (OFP). These results suggest that effective control of
+    photochemical pollutants, particularly from vehicular and industrial
+    sources, is crucial for reducing ozone formation in Chengdu.
+  - >-
+    The warming of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) has led to a doubling of the
+    Power Dissipation Index (PDI) during 1999–2016 compared to 1980–1998. This
+    increase is primarily due to an increase in the intensity and duration of
+    cyclones, associated with higher sea surface temperatures and upper ocean
+    heat content.
+- source_sentence: >-
+    How do the findings of the study on Azotobacter paspali bacteria in Iraq
+    relate to the impact of nitrogen on air pollution, and what implications
+    does this have for future research and applications in both environmental
+    and agricultural contexts?
   sentences:
-  - Quartz is one of the minerals present in the limonite ore sample from the Wolo
-    mine area. The ore sample contains various minerals including chlorite, goethite,
-    lizardite, maghemite, and quartz. The chemical composition of the ore indicates
-    that it is mainly composed of Fe2O3 (53.59%), followed by SiO2 (12.16%).
-  - The study on Azotobacter paspali bacteria in Iraq found that these bacteria have
-    a significant effect on fixing atmospheric nitrogen and dissolving phosphorus.
-    This is important in the context of biological fertilization of plants and soil,
-    which can reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers and potentially lower nitrogen
-    emissions that contribute to air pollution. In the environmental context, the
-    research on nitrogen dioxide air pollution in Madrid highlights the importance
-    of nitrogen compounds in air quality. The findings suggest that by promoting the
-    use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture, we can reduce the reliance on
-    synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which are a major source of nitrogen dioxide emissions.
-    This could lead to improved air quality and better human health protection. Future
-    research could focus on integrating these biological solutions with advanced air
-    pollution forecasting models to create a more holistic approach to managing nitrogen
-    in both agricultural and urban environments.
-  - In the Tigris River Batman-Hasankeyf region, intensive agricultural activities
-    are carried out, and irrigation is generally obtained from groundwater just as
-    it moves away from the riverfront. This region is a valuable basin for both Turkey
-    and the Middle East. A study using the Geographic Information System (GIS)-based
-    multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted
-    to explore the groundwater potential of the drainage area. The study considered
-    eight hydrological and hydrogeological criteria, including geomorphology, geology,
-    rainfall, drainage density, slope, lineament density, land use, and soil properties.
-    The major findings indicated that the groundwater-potential index values of the
-    basin were derived, and the groundwater potential zones were evaluated as very
-    poor (19%), poor (17%), moderate (34%), good (17%), and very good (13%).
-- source_sentence: How does the optical approach compare to the thermal approach in
-    mapping irrigated landcover, and what are the implications of this method?
+  - >-
+    Quartz is one of the minerals present in the limonite ore sample from the
+    Wolo mine area. The ore sample contains various minerals including chlorite,
+    goethite, lizardite, maghemite, and quartz. The chemical composition of the
+    ore indicates that it is mainly composed of Fe2O3 (53.59%), followed by SiO2
+    (12.16%).
+  - >-
+    The study on Azotobacter paspali bacteria in Iraq found that these bacteria
+    have a significant effect on fixing atmospheric nitrogen and dissolving
+    phosphorus. This is important in the context of biological fertilization of
+    plants and soil, which can reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers and
+    potentially lower nitrogen emissions that contribute to air pollution. In
+    the environmental context, the research on nitrogen dioxide air pollution in
+    Madrid highlights the importance of nitrogen compounds in air quality. The
+    findings suggest that by promoting the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
+    agriculture, we can reduce the reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers,
+    which are a major source of nitrogen dioxide emissions. This could lead to
+    improved air quality and better human health protection. Future research
+    could focus on integrating these biological solutions with advanced air
+    pollution forecasting models to create a more holistic approach to managing
+    nitrogen in both agricultural and urban environments.
+  - >-
+    In the Tigris River Batman-Hasankeyf region, intensive agricultural
+    activities are carried out, and irrigation is generally obtained from
+    groundwater just as it moves away from the riverfront. This region is a
+    valuable basin for both Turkey and the Middle East. A study using the
+    Geographic Information System (GIS)-based multicriteria decision-making
+    (MCDM) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted to explore the
+    groundwater potential of the drainage area. The study considered eight
+    hydrological and hydrogeological criteria, including geomorphology, geology,
+    rainfall, drainage density, slope, lineament density, land use, and soil
+    properties. The major findings indicated that the groundwater-potential
+    index values of the basin were derived, and the groundwater potential zones
+    were evaluated as very poor (19%), poor (17%), moderate (34%), good (17%),
+    and very good (13%).
+- source_sentence: >-
+    How does the optical approach compare to the thermal approach in mapping
+    irrigated landcover, and what are the implications of this method?
   sentences:
-  - The analysis of Land Use and Land Cover changes in Lagos State suggests that areas
-    with low flood hazard levels are less affected by the conversion of wetland areas
-    into developed areas and unplanned development. While wetland areas have significantly
-    decreased and developed areas have increased, the changes primarily impact very
-    high to moderate flood hazard zones.
-  - Managers and planners should focus on people’s perceptions and preferences of
-    park landscape characteristics to enhance the spatial vitality and services of
-    urban parks, ensuring they meet the needs of urban residents and visitors.
-  - The optical approach, which uses SWIR-transformed reflectance (STR), has been
-    found to be comparable to the thermal approach in mapping irrigated landcover.
-    Specifically, the classification accuracy of the optical approach was 97.6%, which
-    is slightly better than the 93.9% accuracy of the thermal approach. This confirms
-    the feasibility of using STR to map irrigated landcover, with broader implications
-    for the use of satellite imagery in these applications, potentially reducing the
-    reliance on microwave or thermal sensors.
-- source_sentence: Based on the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), what are the toxicity
-    levels of liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at various pyrolysis temperatures and
-    water contents?
+  - >-
+    The analysis of Land Use and Land Cover changes in Lagos State suggests that
+    areas with low flood hazard levels are less affected by the conversion of
+    wetland areas into developed areas and unplanned development. While wetland
+    areas have significantly decreased and developed areas have increased, the
+    changes primarily impact very high to moderate flood hazard zones.
+  - >-
+    Managers and planners should focus on people’s perceptions and preferences
+    of park landscape characteristics to enhance the spatial vitality and
+    services of urban parks, ensuring they meet the needs of urban residents and
+    visitors.
+  - >-
+    The optical approach, which uses SWIR-transformed reflectance (STR), has
+    been found to be comparable to the thermal approach in mapping irrigated
+    landcover. Specifically, the classification accuracy of the optical approach
+    was 97.6%, which is slightly better than the 93.9% accuracy of the thermal
+    approach. This confirms the feasibility of using STR to map irrigated
+    landcover, with broader implications for the use of satellite imagery in
+    these applications, potentially reducing the reliance on microwave or
+    thermal sensors.
+- source_sentence: >-
+    Based on the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), what are the toxicity
+    levels of liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at various pyrolysis temperatures
+    and water contents?
   sentences:
-  - The estimated annual flood damage for agriculture and built-up areas in the Tajan
-    watershed, northern Iran, is projected to surge from USD 162 million to USD 376
-    million and USD 91 million to USD 220 million, respectively, by 2040, considering
-    the land use change scenarios from 2021 to 2040.
-  - 'The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to determine the toxicity levels
-    of liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at various pyrolysis temperatures and water
-    contents. The results showed that the LC50 values (the concentration required
-    to kill 50% of the test organisms) were as follows: at 200°C and 10% water content,
-    11,858.58 ppm; at 200°C and 15% water content, 13,094.23 ppm; at 200°C and 20%
-    water content, 13,373.94 ppm; at 200°C and 25% water content, 15,703.52 ppm. At
-    300°C and 10% water content, 11,604.26 ppm; at 300°C and 15% water content, 11,673.05
-    ppm; at 300°C and 20% water content, 13,373.94 ppm; at 300°C and 25% water content,
-    13,373.94 ppm. At 400°C and 10% water content, 9,213.73 ppm; at 400°C and 15%
-    water content, 13,094.237 ppm; at 400°C and 20% water content, 13,373.94 ppm;
-    at 400°C and 25% water content, 12,493.63 ppm. All the results indicate that the
-    liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at different pyrolysis temperatures and water
-    contents is classified as non-toxic.'
-  - The distribution of PM2.5 in Santa Ana, CA, tends to be higher in socioeconomically
-    disadvantaged communities compared to other areas, highlighting environmental
-    health inequities that persist in urban areas. This can inform policy decisions
-    related to health equity and community access to resources.
+  - >-
+    The estimated annual flood damage for agriculture and built-up areas in the
+    Tajan watershed, northern Iran, is projected to surge from USD 162 million
+    to USD 376 million and USD 91 million to USD 220 million, respectively, by
+    2040, considering the land use change scenarios from 2021 to 2040.
+  - >-
+    The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to determine the toxicity
+    levels of liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at various pyrolysis temperatures
+    and water contents. The results showed that the LC50 values (the
+    concentration required to kill 50% of the test organisms) were as follows:
+    at 200°C and 10% water content, 11,858.58 ppm; at 200°C and 15% water
+    content, 13,094.23 ppm; at 200°C and 20% water content, 13,373.94 ppm; at
+    200°C and 25% water content, 15,703.52 ppm. At 300°C and 10% water content,
+    11,604.26 ppm; at 300°C and 15% water content, 11,673.05 ppm; at 300°C and
+    20% water content, 13,373.94 ppm; at 300°C and 25% water content, 13,373.94
+    ppm. At 400°C and 10% water content, 9,213.73 ppm; at 400°C and 15% water
+    content, 13,094.237 ppm; at 400°C and 20% water content, 13,373.94 ppm; at
+    400°C and 25% water content, 12,493.63 ppm. All the results indicate that
+    the liquid smoke from cocoa pod skin at different pyrolysis temperatures and
+    water contents is classified as non-toxic.
+  - >-
+    The distribution of PM2.5 in Santa Ana, CA, tends to be higher in
+    socioeconomically disadvantaged communities compared to other areas,
+    highlighting environmental health inequities that persist in urban areas.
+    This can inform policy decisions related to health equity and community
+    access to resources.
 pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
 library_name: sentence-transformers
+datasets:
+- GeoGPT-Research-Project/GeoGPT-QA
 ---
 
 # SentenceTransformer based on google/embeddinggemma-300m