document: Recovering lost efficiency of exponentiation algorithms on smart cards At the RSA cryptosystem implementation stage , a major security concern is resistance against so-called side-channel attacks . Solutions are known but they increase the overall complexity by a non-negligible factor -LRB- typically , a protected RSA exponentiation is 133 % slower -RRB- . For the first time , protected solutions are proposed that do not penalise the running time of an exponentiation
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