document: Simulation and transient testing of numerical relays A hybrid and practical solution for relay evaluation is presented . Two main issues are taken into account : power system simulation and relay simulation , both of which consist of different stages . System simulation is carried out by means of EMTP and is complemented by additional features , such as filtering for location and determination of fault parameters that allow comparing simulated and actual fault records to improve and guarantee a correct system simulation . Relay simulation includes filtering algorithms , all the relaying units , and the decision logic . Playing simulated or real faults over the actual relay and comparing simulated and real responses can check for correct relay simulation
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