document: Too much middleware The movement from client-server computing to multi-tier computing has created a potpourri of so-called middleware systems , including application servers , workflow products , EAI systems , ETL systems and federated data systems . We argue that the explosion in middleware has created a myriad of poorly integrated systems with overlapping functionality . The world would be well served by considerable consolidation , and we present some of the ways this might happen . Some of the points covered in the article have been previously explored by P. Bernstein -LRB- 1996 -RRB-
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