document: Social presence in telemedicine We studied consultations between a doctor , emergency nurse practitioners -LRB- ENPs -RRB- and their patients in a minor accident and treatment service -LRB- MATS -RRB- . In the conventional consultations , all three people were located at the main hospital . In the teleconsultations , the doctor was located in a hospital 6 km away from the MATS and used a videoconferencing link connected at 384 kbit/s . There were 30 patients in the conventional group and 30 in the telemedical group . The presenting problems were similar in the two groups . The mean duration of teleconsultations was 951 s and the mean duration of face-to-face consultations was 247 s . In doctor-nurse communication there was a higher rate of turn taking in teleconsultations than in face-to-face consultations ; there were also more interruptions , more words and more ` backchannels ' -LRB- e.g. ` mhm ' , ` uh-huh ' -RRB- per teleconsultation . In doctor-patient communication there was a higher rate of turn taking , more words , more interruptions and more backchannels per teleconsultation . In patient-nurse communication there was . relatively little difference between the two modes of consulting the doctor . Telemedicine appeared to empower the patient to ask more questions of the doctor . It also seemed that the doctor took greater care in a teleconsultation to achieve coordination of beliefs with the patient than in a face-to-face consultation
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