document: An empirical investigation of the influences of the degree of interactivity on user-outcomes in a multimedia environment The study reported here investigates the influence of `` interactivity '' on the learning outcomes of users in a multimedia systems environment . Drawing from past literature base and based on key tenets of three learning theories - behaviorist , cognitivist , and constructivist - the study first proposes a measurement scheme for `` interactivity '' and then hypothesizes that `` interactivity '' would influence the learning outcomes positively in terms of users ' learning achievement and attitude . Three prototypes of a multimedia instructional/training system to represent high , low , and noninteractive modes of use were developed and implemented and the hypothesized influences were investigated using a controlled laboratory research design . Multiple analysis of variance -LRB- MANOVA -RRB- results indicate that while interactivity does not necessarily enable enhanced gain in user learning , it positively influences participants ' attitude . The study finds no support for hypothesized moderating effects of learning styles -LRB- measured using Kolb 's Learning Style Inventory scale -RRB- on the relationship between interactivity and user outcomes . The results of this study have important implications for both education and corporations ' training efforts and investments . Implications and future research directions are discussed
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